中国葡萄用杀虫剂登记现状及研究进展

中国葡萄种植面积大,害虫发生种类多,危害严重,农药防治仍然是主要控制措施。但目前仅批准4个葡萄用杀虫剂登记,远远不能满足实际生产需求,导致超范围使用杀虫剂现象比较普遍。近年来国内开展了多项杀虫剂防治葡萄害虫药效试验,筛选出一批高效低毒的农药品种,但没有进行登记。因此,应高度重视葡萄害虫化学防治工作,进一步推进葡萄用杀虫剂的登记,制定更多最大残留限量标准,加强害虫抗药性风险监测和农药科学应用指导,保障葡萄质量和消费安全。     

中国与主要贸易国水产品中农药残留限量标准对比分析

为进一步完善中国水产品农药残留限量标准体系,增强中国水产品农药使用的规范性,提高中国水产品质量安全水平和国际竞争力。本研究比较了中国、美国、日本、欧盟(EU)和国际食品法典委员会(CAC)等国家、地区及国际组织中水产品农药最大残留限量(MRL)标准,分析我国与主要水产贸易国、地区和组织在水产品农药MRL标准体系中的差异。结果表明：中国同主要水产贸易国家、地区和组织在水产品农药MRL标准的数量、限量值及种类中均存在差异。其中,制定MRL数量最多的为日本(264条),其次为美国(56条),中国较少(5条);所涉及农药种类最多的为日本(131种),其次为美国(33种),CAC较少(4种),总体而言,日本制定的水产品农药MRL标准的数量最多,所涉及农药和水产品种类最广,其次为美国,中国、欧盟和CAC较少。针对中国水产品农药MRL标准中存在的问题,提出加强水产品中农药残留限量研究,进一步完善农药MRL标准、加强国际间水产品农药MRL交流等建议。     

国内外茶叶农药残留限量标准与出口茶叶安全研究

本文对国内外茶叶农药残留限量标准现状及其特点进行了分析, 从评估原则、标准数量、最大残留限量数量、贸易壁垒设定、调整农药残留限量变化等方面对比了我国与主要茶叶消费国的茶叶农残标准现状。通过数据对比发现我国茶叶农残限量标准存在: 标准更新频率慢、农药种类少、标准数量少、标准年限长、标准限量宽松等问题。此外, 收集整理近5年欧盟进口茶叶通报热点项目, 统计分析了通报农药批次、名称与类别, 发现蒽醌和唑虫酰胺在通报次数中占比最高。通过各组数据的的对比, 我们亟需制定相应应对措施, 完善标准体系, 提高我国茶叶出口质量及在国际市场上的地位。     

商检部门提出──食品企业应重视对外注册

近年来,欧盟、美国、日本、新加坡、马来西亚、韩国、南非、俄罗斯等国家相继实施了进口食品注册登记制度。同时,这些国家还对所进口的食品提出了严格的卫生要求。我国出口的食品通常要出具农兽残、药残、重金属、抗生素等检验证书。这无疑加大了我国出口食品的经营难度。为尽快扭转这种不利局面,商检部门在加强对国内注册企业管理的基础上,开展了多方面的对外注册登记工作,有力地保证了出口食品贸易的正常进行,但仍存在以下问题。一、一些企业对对外注册工作的意义认识不足,有的甚至不知道其内容,造成对外注册工作的滞后。由于没有及时得到…     

我国与主要贸易国家间猪肉中农药残留限量对比分析

掌握不同国家、地区猪肉中农药最大残留限量（Maximum Residue Limits，MRL）要求现状，分析其差异性，以便降低猪肉贸易风险。收集我国和主要贸易国家，联合国粮农组织食品法典委员会（Codex Alimentarius Commission，CAC）、澳大利亚、美国、日本、新西兰、欧盟现行的猪肉农药MRLs标准和技术法规进行对比分析。由于各国饮食习惯、膳食结构不同，我国与主要贸易国家之间存在农药MRL差异，主要表现在：部分农药残留物的定义中所包含的农药转化物、代谢物、反应产物等的不同；农药最大残留限量指标数量和品种的不同，其中我国与欧盟、日本和澳大利亚等国在指标数量上差异较大；相同农药残留限量指标的宽严程度不同，个别指标差异较大。我国应继续加强国际间猪肉农药残留限量标准制定交流，进一步完善我国猪肉农药残留限量标准体系。     

我国甘蔗用农药登记及最大残留限量标准制定新进展

为进一步跟踪我国甘蔗用药登记及最大残留限量标准制定进展,指导甘蔗生产,通过查询中国农药信息网,对目前登记的甘蔗用药产品数量、有效成分种类进行了汇总;对新发布的标准GB2763-2021与GB 2763-2019进行了比对。结果表明,截至2021年5月,我国批准登记的甘蔗用农药产品达404个,有效成分达49种,高毒品种已全部退出,绿色、高效、低风险的化学农药和生物农药逐渐增多。GB 2763-2021较GB 2763-2019,新增甘蔗中农药最大残留限量标准49项,变更2项。甘蔗用农药登记与最大残留限量标准制定同步性更强,最大残留限量标准制定更加注重与国际接轨。     

2013食品行业期待榜

2013期待榜之国标 →大事件:《食品中农药最大残留限量》3月1日起实施 农药残留限量在业界一直存在着多重标准.国内对于农残检测的标准一直处于"政出多门"的状态,涉及农药残留限量的有十几个不同的标准.由于这些标准涉及卫生部、农业部、质监安监等多部门,导致很多农残标准之间都存在着矛盾和交叉的现象.如农药百菌清在花生中的限量,国家标准GB2763-2005和农业行业标准NY662-2003中都重复规定为0.05毫克/公斤.而百菌清在小麦中的限量,国家标准GB2763-2005规定为0.1毫克/公斤,农业行业标准NY1500-2007则规定为0.05毫克/公斤.     

茶叶农残限量——欧盟400多项VS中国28项

正近年来,国内茶叶的消费需求量越来越大,人们对茶叶的质量安全越发关注,对茶叶的品质要求越来越高,对茶叶质量安全尤其茶叶农残的关注度更为集中,所以本文比较CAC、美国、日本、欧盟、中国几大茶叶生产、消费国对茶叶农残限量的要求,分析我国茶叶相关标准中涉及茶叶农药最大残留限量的问题,探讨我国茶叶质量安全和品质提升问题。美国、法国、英国、德国和加拿大等全球主要茶叶消费国都是发达国     

国内外橄榄油标准比较分析

目的：比较中国及国际食品法典委员会（CAC）等不同国际组织及国家或地区的橄榄油产品标准,食品重金属限量及农药残留等通用安全标准的异同。方法：收集并整理国际食品法典委员会以及欧盟、日本等不同国际组织及国家或地区的橄榄油相关法规和标准等规定,比较不同的橄榄油法规和标准的重点内容。结果：中国橄榄油食品重金属限量方面监管的项目和限量水平达到国际先进水平;不同国际组织及国家或地区根据本国现状,制定了相应的农药残留限量标准,存在一定差异。结论：倍硫磷、吡丙醚、噻嗪酮等部分农药残留可以作为中国橄榄油农残的风险点进行关注,为完善我国橄榄油重金属及农药残留法规标准、规范橄榄油进出口行业提供参考依据。     

中欧葡萄限制性使用农药的对比分析

本文分别介绍了欧盟和中国农药最大残留限量标准体系(MRLs)形成的背景以及发展状况,对比国内外葡萄中农药最大残留限量标准,认为国内对于葡萄的农药最大残留限量标准存在限量标准过于宽松、涉及的农药种类太少、标准体系之间协同性较差等不足。     

Residues of insecticides, and fungicides in fruit produced in Ontario, Canada, 1986-1988

Between 1986 and 1988, 306 composite samples of fruit representing eight commodities were collected from farm deliveries to the marketplace in Ontario, Canada. All samples were analysed for insecticides and fungicides. The analysis procedure included tests for organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and methylcarbamate insecticides and dithiocarbamate, dicarboximide and organochlorine fungicides. The commodities tested included apples, blueberries, cherries, grapes, peaches, pears, raspberries and strawberries. In 14% of all fruit samples, pesticide residues were below the detection limits, which ranged between 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg. A further 14% had total combined pesticide residues below 0.1 mg/kg. Total combined fungicide and insecticide residues ranged from 0.1 to 11 mg/kg in 72% of samples. Six different pesticides were in violation of maximum residue limits (MRL) on 11 (3.6%) of fruit samples. Captan exceeded the 5 mg/kg MRL in five samples and EBDC exceeded the 7 mg/kg MRL in two. Other violations included single fruit samples with dicofol, endosulphan, phosalone and iprodione above the MRL. Raw grapes harvested for wine contained residues of 10 pesticides and the number changed little following the crushing of the grapes; however, fermentation into wine significantly reduced residues. Six insecticides and four fungicides were present on the raw grapes and 4/105 were above the MRL. Following crushing, four insecticides and five fungicides were identified and 4/40 were above the MRL. In wine only three insecticides were identified and all were well below the MRL. Carbaryl appeared to be the most persistent, declining very little between raw grapes and wine.     

山东省主产区苹果农药残留水平及累积急性 膳食摄入风险评估

目的评估目前山东主要苹果产区的农药残留水平,为农药残留监管提供科学依据。方法对采自山东苹果主产区的110个苹果样品运用现有的标准方法进行102种农药残留分析检测,利用急性参考剂量(acute reference dose,ARf D)和国家估计短期摄入量(international estimated short-term intake,IESTI)公式评估苹果农药累积急性风险。结果山东省苹果共检出26种农药残留,多残留(2种农残及以上)样品占样品总数的78%,所有样品检出农药残留量均未超过规定的最大残留限量值;检出苹果上禁用农药灭多威和未登记农药噻嗪酮、螺螨酯、杀铃脲;有机磷类、菊酯类、三唑类和烟碱类农药在山东苹果中累积急性膳食摄入风险(%ARf D值)分别为37.7%、7.37%、0.28%和1.53%。结论山东省苹果农药残留种类较多,残留水平不高,有机磷类、菊酯类、三唑类和烟碱类农药累计急性摄入风险较小,但需重点关注苹果上禁用农药和未登记农药。     

唐山地区韭菜农药残留检测分析及膳食摄入风险评估

为了解唐山地区流通韭菜的农药残留状况与民众的膳食摄入风险,该研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(HPLC-MS/MS)和气相色谱仪(GC)对2020年在唐山地区采集的415个韭菜样品分别进行了68种农药残留定性定量检测,并对韭菜样品中检出的农药进行风险评估.结果 表明,415个韭菜样品共计检出41种农药残留,检出率为69...     

慈溪市葡萄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估

目的开展葡萄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估工作,为葡萄食用、农药残留监管和农药最大残留限量提供科学依据。方法在2008~2013年对慈溪市生产的169批次葡萄样品进行了23种农药残留定量检测分析,分别用%ADI和%ARf D进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估,用ADI值、大份餐和体重等参数计算最大残留限量估计值(eMRL)。结果近6年葡萄农药检出率为24.85%,超标率为0.59%。检出的7种农药慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)为0.010%~1.34%,平均值为0.23%;急性膳食摄入风险(%ARf D)为0.98~28.30%,平均值为8.90%。葡萄农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险均很低。结论检出的7种农药最大残留限量(MRLs)均过严,建议将敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、百菌清、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、腐霉利等7种农药的最大残留限量分别定为0.5、3.5、2.5、2.5、2.5、2.5、11 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中12种农药残留的方法

用气相色谱-质谱仪研究同时测定茶叶中12种农药残留的测定方法。分析样品经粉碎、浸泡，用丙酮-正己烷(1：4，V／V)AA，经活性炭柱和弗罗里硅土柱净化，乙醚-丙酮-正己烷(4：4：2，V／V／V)洗脱后，以环氧七氯为内标，GC／MS测定。经过对茶叶加标的回收实验，证实具有快速灵敏简便的优点，适用于多种农药残留分析。其平均回收率在75%-110％，变异系数下于21％，最低检测限为0．01-0．5mg／kg。     

Chronic dietary risk for pesticide residues in food in Brazil: an update.

The objective was to conduct a dietary risk assessment of pesticides registered in Brazil up to 14 January 2004. The theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) was calculated for 275 compounds using the Brazilian maximum residue limits (MRL) and food consumption. The chronic dietary risk assessment was conducted by comparing the TMDI with the Brazilian acceptable daily intake (ADI) or, when not available, with the ADI from other sources. The TMDI was higher than the ADI (%ADI>100) in at least one Brazilian region for eight pesticides, including five organophosphorus insecticides. For these compounds, the higher TMDI (expressed as %ADI) ranged from 140 (metam sodium) to 14,000 (methyl bromide). Rice, beans, citrus and tomato were the commodities that contributed most to ingestion. Change in pesticide use patterns and the establishment of ADIs by the Brazilian government have reduced the number of compounds for which the TMDI exceeded the ADI in the last 4 years. Risk assessment methodology based on TMDI calculation, however, is conservative as it assumes that the food supply is always treated with all the registered pesticides for that crop and that one always consumes food containing residues at the tolerance level. Furthermore, for six compounds with TMDI exceeding the ADI, a more realistic estimation of the pesticide daily intake was conducted using monitoring residue data from the Brazilian National Pesticide Residue Program. For these compounds, the higher refined intakes ranged from 2% (dimethoate) to 180% (fenitrothion) of the ADIs. The implementation of a national pesticide residue monitoring programme by the government was important to allow the refinement of the risk assessment. However, adequate daily food consumption data are still needed to assess better the public health risk to Brazilian consumers from food produced from crops treated with pesticides.     

水产品中农药残留国内外标准体系分析与检测方法研究进展

水产品作为优质膳食来源之一, 不规范使用农药行为使渔业养殖水源被污染, 水产品的质量安全面临极大的威胁。针对水产品中药物残留的监督抽检主要集中在兽药残留的检测, 但对水产品中农药残留存在监管不足的问题。本文分析了国内外水产品中农药残留限量标准的差异, 发现我国在农药数量和最大残留限量项次两方面与国际食品法典委员会相当，但与欧盟、美国、日本等其他主要贸易国家有较大差距, 特别是对法规之外且非豁免的农药的“一律限量”要求是我国食品质量安全管理的空白，这为我国完善水产品中农药最大残留限量标准制修订提供参考。同时, 本文从提取、净化、检测3个方面综述了水产品中农药残留的检测方法, 发现采用乙腈提取、QuEChERS净化的前处理方法能提高水产品中农药残留的检测效率。建立简便快捷的水产品中多农药残留分析方法, 对于及时和准确地摸排水产品中的农药污染状况, 提早发现可能存在的安全隐患, 减少食品安全事故的出现具有重要意义。     

国内外大蒜农药残留限量对比分析

目的 掌握国内外大蒜中农药最大残留限量(Maximum residue limits,MRLs)标准现状,以便降低大蒜出口贸易风险,并在此基础上对完善我国大蒜农残限量标准提出建议。方法 收集我国与欧盟、国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)、日本和韩国等5个组织或国家的大蒜农药MRLs标准并进行对比分析。 结果 我国大蒜农药MRLs标准有129项,欧盟、日本、韩国和CAC分别有510、252、173和23项。欧盟、日本、韩国和CAC标准中与我国相同的农药种类数量分别有93、67、56和18项,其中限量值低于中国标准的分别占49、19、22和4项。结论 由于各国膳食结构不同及登记使用的农药情况不同,我国与欧盟、CAC、日本和韩国大蒜MRLs标准指标总数及指标要求差异明显,建议结合我国大蒜生产实际及膳食需求,完善我国相关标准。     

Survey of pesticide residues in table grapes: Determination of processing factors, intake and risk assessment

The differences in residue pattern between Italy and South Africa, the main exporters of table grapes to the Danish market, were investigated. The results showed no major differences with respect to the number of samples with residues, with residues being found in 54-78% of the samples. Exceedances of the European Union maximum residue limit (MRL) were found in five samples from Italy. A number of samples were rinsed to study the possible reduction of residues. For copper, iprodione, procymidone and dithiocarbamates a significant effect of rinsing was found (20-49% reduction of residues). However, no significant effect was found for organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroids, whereas the number of samples with residues of benzilates, phenylamids and triazoles was insufficient to demonstrate any significant effects. An intake calculation showed that the average intake from Italian grapes was 3.9 µg day^-1 for pesticides and 21 µg day^-1 for copper. Correspondingly, the intakes from South African grapes were 2.6 and 5.7 µg day^-1, respectively. When the total exposure of pesticides from grapes were related to acceptable daily intake, expressed as the sum of Hazard Quotients, the exposure were approximately 0.5% for Italian samples and 1% for South African samples.