气相色谱法快速检测粮食中10种农药多残留的研究

建立了一种粮食中农药多残留的快速检测方法.采用丙酮作为萃取剂,经过手摇振荡2 min后过滤,直接用气相色谱检测.以稻谷、小麦、玉米为基质进行添加回收试验,稻谷的添加回收率为100.8％～113.5％,RSD≤8.7％;小麦的添加回收率为97.4％～112.6％,RSD≤10.1％.玉米的添加回收率为92.6％～112.8％,RSD≤9.8％.稻谷中农药的检出限(LOD)为2.0～18.0 μg/kg;小麦中的为3.0～22.0 μg/kg;玉米中的为3.0～24.0 μg/kg.该方法简便快捷,定量准确可靠,可以满足粮食中农药多残留分析的要求.     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定菊花中多种农药残留

目的建立一种加速溶剂萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)同时检测菊花中123种农药残留的方法。方法样品采用乙腈提取,经加速溶剂萃取,石墨化碳/氨基固相萃取小柱净化,SH-Rxi-5SilMS (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱分离,在气相色谱串联质谱多反应监测离子(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)扫描模式下进行测定,基质外标法定量。结果在0.005～0.5mg/L范围内,123种农药有良好的线性关系(r~2≥0.9967),方法检出限为0.5～29.1μg/kg,定量下限为1.7～97.1μg/kg,在100、200、400μg/kg 3个添加水平下,123种农药的平均回收率在70.0%～128.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.5%～10.1%。结论该方法提取效率高、准确、灵敏,可应用于菊花中多种农药残留的筛查与测定。     

使用微量化学法测定茶叶中有机磷农药残留量的研究

为解决进出口茶叶样品量大, 现有分析方法繁琐, 并且应对欧盟2008年9月后提出的新农药残留限量要求的难题, 本文采用微量化学法, 对分析实验过程中的物料进行逐项缩减, 建立了茶叶中20种有机磷农药多残留检测新方法.茶叶样品经乙酸乙酯-正己烷混合提取, 固相萃取小柱净化, 气相色谱测定.20种有机磷农药标准曲线相关系数(r2)大于0.9990(浓度范围0.010～2.0 mg/L).该方法20种有机磷农药检出限为0.01～0.04 mg/kg.红茶和绿茶不同发酵方法的样品中在0.02～1.0 μg/kg添加范围, 回收率均在60%～120%, 精密度为0.3%～10.2%.     

固相萃取——气质联用法测定大米和玉米中6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了固相萃取—气质联用法(GC-MC)测定大米和玉米中速灭威、异丙威、残杀威、克百威、抗蚜威、甲萘威6种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的分析方法.乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取小柱萃取净化,以丙酮和二氯甲烷(v/v,2/5)洗脱,GC-MS检测,外标法定量.在该检测方法下,速灭威、异丙威、残杀威、克百威、抗芽威、甲萘威的线性相关系数分别为0.999、0.999、0.999、0.999、0.999、0.997,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=6)分别为2.9％、4.8％、5.8％、9.1％、6.3％、5.6％,检出限分别为1.46、0.53、0.72、1.32、1.40、1.30 μg/kg.6种农药在大米中添加回收率分别为92.1％ ～99.6％,RSD(n =5)为3.1％ ～6.8％,在玉米中添加回收率分别为94.6％ ～99.3％,RSD(n =5)为2.9％ ～6.1％.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲜猴头菇中16种农药残留

建立气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法测定猴头菇中16种农药残留的定性、定量分析检测方法。样品经乙腈旋涡振荡提取、净化、浓缩、过滤、定容后,采用气相色谱串联质谱进行定性、定量检测分析。结果表明,16种农药在质量浓度为0.05～1.00 μg/mL范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）为0.998 6～0.999 9。在猴头菇样品中分别添加质量浓度为0.05 mg/kg、0.20 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg的混合农药组分,平均回收率为86.08%～93.63%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.96%～8.92%,检出限为0.010～0.075 mg/kg。该法操作便捷、灵敏度高、回收率良好、精密度可靠,适用于猴头菇中多种有机农药残留的同时检测。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱测定茶叶中多种农药残留

目的建立一种加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱(GC)同时测定茶叶中三氯杀螨醇(有机氯类)与多种除虫菊酯类农药残留的新方法。方法样品用环己烷∶乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V/V)提取,提取液经florisil固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行检测。结果各农药在0.01、0.05、0.25mg/kg3个添加水平上的平均回收率都在90%以上,RSD在0.3%～3.8%之间。结论该方法快速、溶剂用量少、重现性好,能够满足茶叶中有机氯与拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测要求。     

脂质去除分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱测定鸡蛋中62 种农药残留

采用脂质去除分散固相萃取进行前处理建立鸡蛋中62 种农药残留筛查的气相色谱-串联质谱（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）检测方法。经过条件优化后,样品用10 mL 1%乙酸-乙腈和5 mL水提取,提取液经氯化钠盐析后取有机相,最后将有机相转移至增强型脂质去除（EMR-Lipid）分散固相萃取净化管中净化并高速离心,GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。62 种农药在5～400 μg/L范围之间线性关系良好,相关系数（R）在0.95以上,其中59 种农药的检出限为0.5～5.0 μg/kg,定量限为1.0～20.0 μg/kg。鸡蛋中62 种农药使用EMR-Lipid分散固相萃取净化管去除脂质后的回收率和重复性结果都优于直接经过固相萃取净化管的结果,添加量为100 μg/kg时,98.4%的农药平均加标回收率为70.7%～117.2%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～10.9%。基质效应研究表明,62 种农药中仅20 种农药为弱基质效应,检测结果均需要通过基质标准溶液进行校正。该方法成功应用于实际样品分析。     

气相色谱法同时测定火锅底料中多种有机磷农药残留

建立同时测定火锅底料中17 种有机磷农药残留的气相色谱法。样品经凝胶渗透色谱、固相萃取小柱净化,DB-1701 毛细管气相色谱柱分离,采用火焰光度检测器检测。火锅底料中17 种有机磷农药的加标回收率为81.83%～105.4%,RSD 为0.9%～5.2%,检出限(LOD)为1.0～5.3μg/kg。该方法具有快速、准确、检出限低等特点,能满足火锅底料中多种有机磷农药残留检测的需要。     

薏苡仁中多种农药残留的测定

建立薏苡仁中多种杀虫剂、杀螨剂等杀菌剂农药残留的分析方法。用快速溶剂萃取仪提取,分别采用固相萃取和凝胶渗透色谱净化,气相质谱联用测定。通过固相萃取净化处理的样品添加回收率为72.45%～111.74%,RSD为1.47%～5.06%;凝胶渗透色谱处理的样品添加回收率为74.70%～106.49%,RSD为1.58%～5.08%;相关系数为0.9902～0.9995,最低检出限为0.002～0.02mg/kg,最低定量限为0.005～0.05mg/kg。方法具有高效、准确、灵敏的特点,适用于薏苡仁中多种农药残留的检测分析。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定花生中97种农药

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定花生中97种农药。花生样品加水浸润后以0.1%乙酸乙腈为提取溶剂,超声波辅助萃取,采用改进的Qu ECh ERS法净化,气相色谱在选择反应扫描模式下测定。97种农药在6.25～200μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.99,在10、20、50μg/kg 3个浓度水平下平均添加回收率在73%～120%,相对标准偏差小于17.4%(n=6)。该方法适用于花生中多种农药残留快速定量分析。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status