基于Code V的800万像素手机摄像镜头设计

利用Code V光学工程软件,设计了一款800万像素手机镜头。镜头采用1G3P结构,光圈值F为2.8,视场角62°。采用东芝公司一款800万像素的1/2.6英寸CMOS传感器作为设计镜头的感光元件,像素大小为1.75μm,相应的尼奎斯特频率为285lp/mm。设计结果表明,在尼奎斯特频率处,大部分视场的MTF值均大于0.3,在尼奎斯特频率1/2处,视场的MTF值均大于0.5,最大畸变为-1.05%,成像性能良好,满足使用要求。     

1 000万像素全景监控镜头的光学设计

为满足全景监控镜头的高清、大视场的要求,采用反远距系统设计了工作波段为可见的4.86~6.56μm、F数为2、垂直全视场角为185°、焦距为1.3mm的1 000万像素高清全景监控镜头光学系统。通过匹配光学材料和分配透镜光焦度,在-20~+60℃温度范围内对全景监控镜头光学系统进行了设计及像质评价。结果表明,系统在奈奎斯特频率300lp·mm-1处中心视场的光学调制传函接近衍射极限,大于0.4,0.7视场以内的光学调制传函大于0.3。系统整体无温度离焦,成像质量良好、结构紧凑,且适用于感光面尺寸为6.119mm×4.589mm、像元数为3 664×2 748的CMOS探测器。     

小型数字投影结构光三维测量仪镜头设计

为了解决三维测量仪器的小型化问题,设计了一种数字投影结构光三维测量仪光路结构,并用Zemax软件进行了性能优化。该结构分为投影光路和照相光路,投影镜头采用反远距结构,由5片透镜组成,全视场调制传递函数大于0.35。照相镜头采用双高斯结构,由6片透镜组成,全视场调制传递函数大于0.12。两镜头口径均小于14mm,长度小于40mm,像面照度均大于90%,可以对80~120mm远的物体进行测量。投影图像像素密度为1 028×768,相机拍摄图像像素密度为1 280×960,在工作距离100mm处可以测量28mm×21mm的表面。镜头全部采用球面透镜。该结构具有测量精度高、成本低、加工容易、体积小等优点。     

广角微型投影镜头设计

投影机更新速度快,高分辨率、轻便微小的投影机已是时代的需求。通过分析微型投影成像系统的特点,根据几何光学理论,用Zemax软件设计了一款投影显示芯片为0.61inch(1inch=2.54cm)、投射比为0.68∶1的微型投影镜头。镜头由2片非球面透镜和6片常用玻璃材料透镜组成,结构简单,系统光学总长为60mm,有效焦距为9.26mm,后工作距离大于20mm,最大口径小于23mm,全视场(FOV)为80°,相对孔径为1∶2.2。在71lp/mm特征频率处,全视场的调制传递函数均大于0.5,全视场相对畸变小于2.0%,镜头成像质量好。对微型投影系统进行容差分析,得出一套较为宽松的公差,适合生产加工。     

采用回射屏的折/衍射头盔投影显示器设计

设计了有效焦距为35 mm,出瞳距离为23 mm,出瞳直径为12 mm,视场角为50°的透视式头盔投影显示器.该系统由一组双高斯透镜,一个半透半反镜和一个回射屏组成.回射屏的使用使双目设计的视场有效提高,畸变明显降低;二元面的引入,使系统在尺寸和重量上有明显的减少,像质进一步提高.该系统投影镜头部分重量仅为10.8 g,最大镜头直径为23.6 mm,完全满足双目设计的要求.目视系统中需重点校正的像散和垂轴色差的最大值分别为0.12 mm和7.89μm,最大畸变＜0.5%.系统最小角分辨率为0.46 mrad,小于人眼的最小角分辨率,解决了普通透视式头盔显示器双目设计时宽视场实现难的问题.     

双向大视场消畸变低温红外目标模拟光学系统设计

为了选择合适的低温红外目标模拟光学系统,针对国内现有离轴三反射光学系统多存有弧矢视场较大,子午视场很小的问题,本文基于光学系统对称性法则,设计了子午和弧矢都为5°,波长为3～5μm的矩形双向大视场离轴三反系统,其焦距为400mm,F#为8。利用光学系统结构参数和反射镜的非球面系数,调整三镜的偏心及倾斜来消除畸变及其它像差,系统光学传递函数在6.5lp/mm时优于0.71,全视场均方根波像差达到λ/250,均方根最大弥散斑半径不超过7.0μm,达到衍射极限。另外,系统在各个谱段全视场范围内的最大畸变量小于0.04%。设计的系统可用于红外及可见波段,成像质量均良好。     

测量投影仪专用非球面物镜的设计

针对直径600 mm的投影仪镜头在边缘视场存在像差平衡的问题,设计了一款非球面物方远心物镜,对物镜的像差进行分析,及非球面的加工性能分析。首先是确定物镜的初始结构,设计为一款物方远心镜头。接着,运用ZEMAX软件将物镜优化成最佳像差参数,即在只有球面镜头情况下的像差平衡最好的状态,然后,在物镜系统中加入非球面;最后,以非球面度作为衡量标准,对非球面的加工性能进行分析。经过验证各视场的MTF曲线均接近衍射极限,最大畸变量小于0.01%,全视场分辨率≥79线对,2/3视场分辨率≥63线对。基本满足了测量投影仪分辨高,精度高,稳定可靠的要求。     

基于非球面的大相对孔径微型星敏感器镜头设计

星敏感器是卫星上精度最高的姿态测量仪器,其通过对恒星成像与识别来确定卫星的三轴姿态,主要由光学系统、电子学系统和信息处理系统组成。传统卫星上高精度星敏感器的体积重量较大,难以满足蓬勃发展的微纳卫星的任务需求,成为限制微纳卫星定位精度的主要障碍。相对于电子学微型化、集成化和信息处理技术的飞速发展,光学系统成为星敏感器小型化的瓶颈。提出一种基于非球面大相对孔径微小型光学系统设计方法,仅用5片镜片,即可实现焦距25 mm,相对孔径1/1. 3,17°全视场角,在奈奎斯特频率处MTF优于0. 5,采用选取相对部分色散系数相同或接近、色散系数相差较大的玻璃组合的方法,有效校正了500～880 nm宽光谱色差,并实现了全视场畸变≤0. 013%。引用此技术设计纳型星敏感器镜头焦距25 mm,重量仅为15 g,降低到国内纳型星敏感器镜头的1/5。结果表明,光学系统经测试畸变等指标,满足角秒级星点中心确定的要求,为高精度纳型星敏感器提供了核心保障。     

基于机器视觉的高分辨率双远心物镜设计

小倍率大视场的双远心物镜具有低畸变、大景深的优点,在机器视觉工业在线检测领域应用广泛。根据双远心镜头对结构参数的要求,运用光学设计软件Zemax设计了一款高分辨率、大视场、结构简单的双远心物镜。该物镜采用近似对称结构,合理的控制畸变和色差,经过像差优化,实现了长工作距(大于200mm)、低倍率(β=-0.1)、低畸变(小于0.015%)、高分辨(1/2"CCD全视场MTF在200lp/mm处大于0.05)、大景深(±32mm)和双远心系统的设计要求。重点阐述了物镜的设计过程及镜头的敏感度分析,分析影响镜头像质的主要加工和装配因素,为有效抑制由于生产制造过程中的偏差对镜头像质的影响提供参考。     

红外目标模拟器的光学设计

设计了一种用于红外光电系统性能测试的目标模拟器的光学系统。原理上采用一个无焦系统与后聚焦系统的组合系统,利用Zemax光学设计软件进行优化设计,最终设计结果为工作波段8~12μm,焦距230.599mm,视场12°,入瞳距600mm,入瞳直径100mm。整个光学系统有9个光学透镜,最大口径229.77 mm,光学系统达到衍射极限,全视场MTF均优于0.39,80%的能量集中在23μm的弥散圆内。各项指标都满足设计要求,能很好地应用于红外光电系统的性能测试。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.