基于采样逼近的准同步改进算法研究

准同步算法在和离散傅里叶变换结合求取周期信号的幅值和相位时,由于被测信号频率未知或仅知道被测信号的频率变化范围,在求解傅里叶系数时只能将采样频率作为被测信号频率带入造成傅里叶系数计算产生理论近似,尤其是在求解各次谐波初相角时频偏越大,求解相位误差相应增大。本文首先基于准同步测频差原理求出被测信号的实际频率,重新选取采样点使其逼近整周期采样点数,再将计算频率代入傅立叶变换中的基函数频率,最后迭代求取傅里叶系数。计算结果表明这种基于频率代入并采样逼近的改进准同步算法可以极大地提高准同步谐波算法的准确度。     

基于四项余弦窗三谱线插值FFT的谐波检测方法

快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)在非同步采样情况下存在较大的误差,为了减小非同步采样对FFT的影响,通过选择旁瓣性能良好的4项5阶Nuttall窗结合插值FFT进行电力谐波检测。推导了实用的三谱线插值修正公式,利用谐波频点附近的三根离散频谱的幅值确定谐波谱线的准确位置,进而得到谐波幅值、频率及相位的修正公式。仿真结果验证了该算法在非同步采样时,与加Hanning窗和Blackman-Harris窗插值FFT相比有更高的分析准确度,同时,在加相同窗函数情况下,与双谱线插值修正算法相比也具有更高的准确度。仿真结果还验证了测量数据含有白噪声时,算法仍然具有较高的准确度。基于该算法的检测仪器的实测结果也验证了算法的有效性。     

基于准同步DFT的非整数谐波分析算法

在准同步DFT谐波分析算法的基础上,提出了一种基于非整数波概念的谐波分析算法。该算法的核心思想是:信号频率漂移导致频谱峰值出现的位置与理想位置不一致是短范围泄漏产生的根本原因,而信号频率的漂移可以通过测量相邻点基波相角差来获得,那么应用该漂移值对基波和高次谐波的波次值进行非整数修正就可以准确测量各次谐波的幅值和相角。仿真实验和工程实例证明,该算法能够有效抑制频谱的长范围泄漏和短范围泄漏,提高基波与高次谐波的幅值与相位测量准确度。     

基于Kaiser窗相位差校正的电力谐波分析与应用

采用基本窗函数和广义余弦窗函数对信号加权可减少频谱泄漏和栅栏效应的影响,但其效果受到窗函数固定旁瓣性能的制约.Kaiser窗可定义一组可调的窗函数,自由选择主瓣与旁瓣衰减之间的比重,因此能全面地反映主瓣与旁瓣衰减之间的交换关系.对信号非同步采样和非整周期截断时的频谱进行了分析,讨论了Kaiser窗的主、旁瓣特性,提出了基于Kaiser窗相位差校正的电力谐波分析方法,推导了信号基波与各次谐波频率、幅值、初相角的计算式.仿真结果表明:Kaiser窗函数设计实现灵活、抑制频谱泄漏效果好,Kaiser窗相位差校正算法克服了基波频率波动对谐波分析的影响,对含21次谐波信号的基波频率计算相对误差仅为1.0×10-7%,幅值计算相对误差≤0.000 6%,初相位计算相对误差≤0.008%,三相谐波分析与谐波电能计量应用实践证明了该方法的正确性.     

基于脉冲星信号的自适应同步采样方法

基于传统GPS/北斗信号的广域同步测量技术易受到恶意网络攻击,可靠性难以得到保障。为解决这一问题,本文利用脉冲星信号周期脉冲精度高、免疫于现有网络攻击的特性,提出一种新型自适应同步采样方法:首先对射电望远镜接收到的脉冲星信号进行多相滤波、消色散和周期折叠处理,得到脉冲轮廓;然后采用最小二乘法监测本地晶体振荡器频率,动态调整定时控制间隔实现自适应同步采样。为验证算法的有效性,本文采用脉冲星J0437-4715的观测数据生成同步信号,实现电网信号的同步测量,利用递归离散傅里叶变换算法计算采样数据的相角和频率,得到相角和频率平均测量误差分别为-9.75×10~(-5)°和9.83×10~(-7) Hz,验证了所提自适应同步采样方法的有效性。     

基于DFT的电网频率精确计算

频率是电能质量的重要指标,也是评价电力系统运行特性的重要参数之一。频谱泄露和栅栏效应会导致DFT算法在计算相量同步相角时存在误差,且计算误差与频率偏移的大小成正比。传统的DFT频率测量算法在计算系统频率时忽略了该部分的影响,使得频率计算出现较大偏差。在考虑该部分计算误差的基础之上,提出基于DFT的电网频率新算法,该算法在考虑频率偏移时DFT计算相角误差的基础上,利用相隔一个采样周期的相角测量值。通过计算相角差反向求解系统的实际频率,并通过Matlab仿真实验,验证了该算法在频率线性、正弦变化时的计算精度。     

基于泄漏对消的电力谐波相角高精度估计算法

采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行电力系统谐波分析时,受频谱泄漏和栅栏效应的影响,相角估计误差往往较大.为减小这类误差,提出一种基于频谱泄漏对消的谐波相角高精度估计算法,结合余弦组合窗时域和频域特性,综合考虑长、短范围频谱泄漏的影响,推导了基于余弦组合窗的插值FFT谐波相角计算式.该算法首先运用基于余弦组合窗的插值FFT方法获得频率偏差估计值,然后采用离散频谱泄漏对消方法进行信号谐波相角估计,实现简单,准确度高.非同步采样情况下,采用典型余弦组合窗(Hanning、Blackman、Blackman-Harris、Rife-Vincent(I)、Nuttall等)进行信号谐波相角估计的仿真实验与应用验证了本文算法的准确性和有效性.     

电压不平衡度的准同步采样快速测量方法

采用IEC 61000-4-27所推荐方法进行电压不平衡度测量时,复杂的开方运算是不可避免的。提出一种电压不平衡度的准同步采样快速测量方法,该方法首先采用准同步采样算法计算三相电压相量(幅值和初相角),然后利用几何原理将开方运算转化为三角函数计算,并最终利用代数多项式简化三角函数式,实现电压不平衡度的快速、准确测量。与IEC 61000-4-27所推荐方法相比,提出的电压不平衡度的准同步采样快速测量方法避免了傅里叶变换和复杂的开方运算,减少了运算量。仿真和实际测量结果表明,电压不平衡度的准同步采样快速测量方法与IEC 61000-4-27所推荐方法具有相同的测量准确度,为电压不平衡度的快速测量提供新的思路。     

基于短时傅里叶变换的无芯片RFID多标签识别

针对无芯片RFID多标签难以识别的问题,提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换的多标签识别算法。标签散射信号在时域内可表示为衰减复指信号,在频域内表现为标签谐振频率幅值会随着时间不断衰减。多个标签散射信号到达阅读器天线时间不同,导致谐振频率幅值不会随时间一直衰减,会出现局部极小值。利用这一特性,该算法使用短时傅里叶变换计算出标签谐振频率的时间-幅值曲线,根据时间-幅值曲线中局部极小值出现的时间来区分不同的标签。为了验证算法的有效性,使用算法对3个ID编码为111, 101, 010的条形开槽标签进行识别。仿真结果表明,该算法能够成功识别3个标签,标签谐振频率识别误差小于100MHz,验证了该算法对多标签识别的有效性。     

基于双窗全相位FFT双谱线校正电力谐波分析

基于快速傅里叶变换的电力谐波分析在非同步采样情况下存在频谱泄露,影响测量精度。为抑制频谱泄露对谐波分析的影响,分析对比了双窗全相位FFT与传统加窗FFT在抑制频谱泄露方面的特点,并通过计算证明了双窗全相位FFT在电力谐波分析中的独特优势。针对全相位频谱分析通常采用的时移相位差法存在计算量大、实时性差及存在相位模糊现象等不足,提出了一种基于双窗全相位FFT双谱线校正的谐波分析算法,利用基波频点附近的两条谱线幅值计算基波频率,进而推导了简洁实用的谐波幅值校正公式。该算法实现方便,且实时性优于相位差法。通过与传统加Hanning窗、Nuttall窗插值FFT的仿真对比验证了新算法具有更高精度,基于该算法的实验结果也验证了算法的有效性。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.