真空阴极弧离子镀的发展及应用

叙述了真空阴极弧离子镀技术的原理,种类,宏观颗粒的产生以及磁过滤器的应用.重点分析了系统效率,等离子体传输影响因素和真空阴极电孤离子镀技术在薄膜研究和制造中的应用.     

自制358型双等离子体离子源阴极

介绍了对2×1.7MV串列加速器上一台358型双等离子体离子源的阴极改进工作,自制镍基氧化物阴极,使此源引出的He~+束和H~-束较原铂网阴极分别提高了16％和34％。引出He~+束时,可工作于自持放电状态。此阴极连续工作寿命>40h。     

纯滚动条件下单液滴输运过程的试验观察

利用光干涉技术观察球-盘接触纯滚动条件下单个液滴的输运过程,分析该过程中润滑油膜的动态建立过程及组成润滑油膜的不同区域。定义铺展系数来定量分析油滴输运过程中液滴尺寸和速度对润滑性能的影响。结果表明:大液滴低速输运时,铺展系数达到70%以上,说明液滴铺展效应有利于维持润滑时间;而当小液滴快速输运时,铺展系数将低于30%,说明液滴铺展受到局限性。实验进一步观察到当液滴较大时,可在入口区形成一个供油油池,油膜形状与经典润滑油膜外形相似;而当液滴较小且卷吸速度较大时会在接触区中心形成带有"凹陷"的油膜外形。     

磁控等离子体弧柔性成形试验研究

为进一步提高等离子体弧柔性成形的表面质量,利用磁场控制弧柱的摆动状态进而控制单位面积上等离子体弧的热流密度,使之达到预期目的。通过磁控等离子体弧柔性弯曲成形实验,研究了等离子体弧在交变磁场中的特性,分析了加入交变磁场对板材弯曲成形表面质量、弯曲成形速度的影响规律。研究结果表明,加入适当的交变磁场可明显改善成形件的质量。     

金属等离子体发生器结构改进及实验研究

改进了原有发生器的电极结构,并确定了电极布置方式,实现了更低气压下的真空击穿引弧;通过设计新的引弧方式实现了真空条件下的金属等离子体发生。     

常压等离子体弧清洗焊接预处理新方法

大气常压等离子体弧清洗是一种新颖的焊接预处理方法。针对预处理时厚度方向清洗界面移动、计算区域变化、边界条件非线性的难题,利用导热微分方程和阿伦尼乌斯定律,建立了大气常压等离子体弧清洗反应动力学模型并确定了频率因子、活化能等反应动力学参数,从而揭示了清洗百分比随清洗时间、金属零件表面氛围温度的变化规律,并进行了表面水滴接触角测量、X射线光电子能谱分析等相关实验验证。结果表明,大气常压等离子体弧可以快速清除表面污染物,有效实现焊接前的表面预处理。工件表面污染物的清洗百分比随大气常压等离子体弧清洗时间的增大而增大,直至该污染物被彻底清除;此外,清洗对象等离子体弧热流作用侧的表面氛围温度对清洗百分比有着重要影响,清洗百分比随氛围温度的增加而增加。     

短间隙真空弧放电电极活跃现象的实验研究

真空弧离子源可以为微纳卫星提供推力,已成微纳卫星推进领域关注的热点。然而真空弧推进装置存在推力小的局限性,如何提高真空弧离子源的推力是真空弧推进领域需要解决的问题。近几年短间隙真空弧放电引起广泛关注,本文通过实验研究了短间隙真空放电的物理过程,通过高速相机获得了清晰的阴极斑和阳极斑图像,并分析了短间隙电流活跃阳极现象产生的原因。研究表明,阴极和阳极在较低的电流下都积极参与放电过程进而可以产生更多的等离子体,因而相同放电条件下短间隙真空弧离子源可以产生更大的推力,在微纳卫星的推进领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

低温氢等离子体处理火花源质谱分析样品

本工作提出了用低温氢等离子体还原绝缘体样品使其导电的新方法,该法与掺导电粉的方法比较,有不易沾污样品、灵敏度高、减少试剂空白和干扰谱线等优点。为应用和对比,做了一些金属化合物的还原处理,并进行了火花源质谱分析,从提高还源速率的角度选择了最佳还原条件。     

电弧等离子体多物理场分布特征

等离子弧加热技术被广泛应用于冶金领域,采用磁流体动力学理论(Magnetohydrodynamic theory,MHD)建立直流电弧等离子体的数学模型,利用Fluent软件求解电磁场、温度场、速度场的耦合过程,研究不同弧长大小,不同入口速度对电弧温度分布、形貌、轴向速度分布和电流密度分布的影响。研究结果表明,弧长大小和入口速度对电弧特征分布有明显影响,但不是线性相关。电弧温度沿轴向降低,径向温度分布是以轴线为中心沿两侧径向逐渐降低,等离子弧温度呈“钟型”分布。电弧中心轴线速度在阴极处急剧增加然后逐渐降低。沿轴向方向,电流密度呈指数下降趋势。当入口速度为10 m/s时,随着弧长的增加,电弧有效作用面积范围也增加,当弧长为20 mm或25 mm时,射流现象最明显,轴向最大速度可达到约408 m/s。研究结果解释了不同弧长和入口速度对电弧特征的影响规律,为电弧等离子体加热工艺的应用提供了理论依据。     

电源类型对短电弧-电化学复合加工放电凹坑影响研究

放电凹坑大小影响着加工表面形貌的一致性,放电凹坑的凸起高度及凹坑表面的重铸层对加工表面质量有重要影响。文章基于短电弧-电化学复合加工方法,在直流与脉冲两种常用电源类型下对钛合金TC4进行单次放电实验,分析两种电源类型下的短电弧-电化学复合加工单次放电凹坑尺寸及影响规律;结合单次放电凹坑实验所采集到的波形与电弧放电过程仿真模型对电弧放电过程的等离子体放电通道变化进行研究。研究结果发现,直流与脉冲放电凹坑的尺寸与影响规律差异与电弧的断弧方式有关,不同的断弧方式对等离子体放电通道产生影响,直流电弧倾向于通过流体介质运动和极间距离改变进行断弧,而脉冲电弧通过脉冲后沿电压变化和极间距离改变进行熄弧。这两种断弧方式不仅影响了凹坑的尺寸形貌,也影响了断弧后的电化学腐蚀效果。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.