新型蠕化剂加入量对柴油发动机缸体材料蠕墨铸铁的组织与性能的影响

通过实验研究了采用新型蠕化剂情况下蠕墨铸铁的石墨形态、化学成分和力学性能。实验结果表明,最佳的蠕墨铸铁残余镁的质量分数为0.015%~0.022%,残余稀土的质量分数为0.068%~0.098%,该条件下蠕化率能达到50%~80%。研究结果为柴油发动机缸体的稳定生产奠定了理论基础。     

蠕墨铸铁断裂韧度的试验研究

比较四种热处理方法下蠕墨铸铁试样的断裂韧度.试验结果表明,蠕墨铸铁的断裂韧度受不同基体组织的影响比较明显;受不同石墨形态的影响显著,与结构钢不同,蠕墨铸铁的断裂韧度随材料的屈服强度增大而增大,随石墨颗粒的长厚比增加会急剧下降.     

蠕墨铸铁闸瓦材料组织性能研究

利用冲天炉铁水,通过包底孕育蠕化处理,成功地浇铸出蠕墨铸铁材料。金相观察表明：用2．0％稀土钙铝硅铁合金及2．0％稀土镁铝锌硅铁含金蠕化处理的铸铁,其石墨呈细小、均匀分布的蠕虫状。蠕墨铸铁冲击断口显示,基体发生了较大的塑性变形,且具有较高的冲击功。用蠕墨铸铁制成的机车闸瓦具有比普通灰铸铁闸瓦高得多的压断强度,是制造机车闸瓦的理想材料,值得推广应用。     

蠕墨铸铁切削机理的探讨研究

为了推广蠕墨铸铁的应用领域和降低企业生产成本,改善蠕墨铸铁的切削加工具有重要意义。针对蠕墨铸铁难以切削加工的材料特性和目前改善蠕墨铸铁切削加工方法的局限性,提出改变蠕墨铸铁的化学成分以改善其切削加工的研究方法。通过往蠕墨铸铁中添加3个不同量的氮化硼化合物,用单因素实验方法测出氮化硼对蠕墨铸铁抗拉强度、硬度及耐磨特性的影响。实验结果表明,蠕墨铸铁中的氮化硼含量为0.0144%、0.0223%和0.0288%时,其抗拉强度和硬度没有改变;当氮化硼含量为0.0144%时,蠕墨铸铁与实验钢球组成的摩擦副的摩擦系数最小,为0.188。在不改变蠕墨铸铁的力学性能的前提下,往蠕墨铸铁中添加适量的氮化硼以改善其切削加工性能的研究方法具有可行性。     

蠕化状态对高镍蠕墨铸铁耐磨镶环热疲劳性能的影响

研究了蠕化状态对汽车活塞耐磨镶环中蠕墨铸铁的石墨形态、耐磨损及热疲劳性能的影响规律,为实际工件的合理选材提供依据。试验结果表明,发现蠕化剂为0.4%-0.6%(Ni含量12%-15%),蠕化效果良好,蠕虫状石墨形态较稳定,耐磨损及20-500℃热循环试验条件下,蠕墨铸铁和球墨铸铁性能优良,高镍灰铸铁次之,中镍对比试样最差,且微裂纹总是起源于石墨相,主裂纹通常是沿着石墨和石墨间的基体扩展。     

浇注前停留时间对蠕墨铸铁蠕化衰退的影响

采用显微镜、硬度计、拉伸试验机以及光谱分析仪等研究了在蠕化处理后浇注前铁液停留不同时间对蠕墨铸铁显微组织、化学成分和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随停留时间延长,石墨球化率和珠光体含量都有一定程度增加,但停留时间在15 min以内浇注则蠕墨铸铁中蠕虫状石墨均在70%以上,基体中珠光体含量均在60%以上,抗拉强度在350 M...     

知识窗

正白口铸铁(white castir)碳分以游离碳化铁形式存在的铸铁,断口呈银白色。孕育铸铁(inovulated cast iron)铁液经孕育处理后,获得的亚共晶灰铸铁。球墨铸轶(spheroidal gra white cast iron)铁液经过球化处理,凝固后石墨全部或大部分呈球状,间有少量为团絮状石墨的铸铁。蠕墨铸铁(vermicular cast iron)铁液经过蠕化处理大部分石墨呈蠕虫状的铸铁。     

铸态和锻造态钛-硫易切削钢中硫化物形态及力学性能对比

熔炼了2种钛含量(质量分数分别为0.09%,0.21%)的钛-硫易切削钢,并在1200℃进行锻造,对比研究了铸态和锻造态试验钢组织中硫化物形貌、尺寸、数量以及试验钢的力学性能。结果表明:在铸态试验钢中,硫化锰大多为近似短棒状和球状,沿晶界呈链状或网状分布,锻造后硫化锰沿着锻造方向伸长,统计得到的长宽比增大,单位面积内数量减少;钛含量的提高使单位面积内硫化锰数量增多;铸态试验钢拉伸断口主要特征为解理台阶与河流状花样,断裂方式为脆性断裂,锻后的拉伸断口为解理和韧窝混合型形貌,断裂方式为韧性断裂;锻造态试验钢的拉伸性能和冲击韧性与铸态相比均有明显改善,锻造有助于提高钛-硫易切削钢的力学性能。     

高镍奥氏体蠕墨铸铁活塞耐磨环的耐磨性与热疲劳性

研究了汽车用高镍奥氏体蠕墨铸铁活塞耐磨镶环的石墨形态、耐磨损及热疲劳性能的影响规律,为活塞耐磨镶环工件的合理选材提供试验依据。分析结果表明,针对高镍合金蠕化剂为0.4%-0.6%(Ni含量12%-15%)的蠕化效果良好,蠕虫状石墨形态较稳定,耐磨损及20-500℃热疲劳试验条件下,蠕墨铸铁镶环相比于原灰铸铁镶环的耐磨损及热疲劳性能更为优良。热疲劳试验中的微裂纹起源于石墨相边缘,主裂纹通常是沿着石墨和基体的界面扩展。     

蠕墨铸铁的性能与制造方法(二)——蠕墨铸铁的物理与力学性能

蠕墨铸铁的物理与力学性能介于球墨铸铁与灰口铸铁之间。由于石墨结构是紧密的、端部呈圆形,减少了割裂基体的作用。故当成分一定时蠕墨铸铁的强度比片状石墨铸铁要高,另一方面又由于石墨互相连接,故蠕墨铸铁的强度与韧性又不及球墨铸铁,但其     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

基于多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统的电力系统多目标粒子群优化算法采用权重系数法将多目标转化为单目标,从而忽视了各目标函数间的竞争关系这一问题,提出将非支配解提取法运用到电力系统多目标无功优化中,并设定了一套提取规则,以电力系统中的有功网损、电压偏差和电压稳定裕度为目标,使目标在充分竞争的情况下得出Pareto最优解,利用IEEE-14节点系统对多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化进行了仿真测试。研究结果表明,该算法一次运行可以得出多组非支配解,既有偏向单个目标的解也有兼顾所有目标的解,克服了权重系数法的盲目性和单一性,可使电力决策者根据实际问题选择最优解,具有较好的灵活性与多样性。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.