网络化制造中加工过程仿真的研究

分析了加工过程仿真的工业需求 ,提出加工过程建模和仿真的关键技术问题 ,并实现一种铣削力在网络环境中的仿真     

虚拟数控车床加工技术的研究

提出了数控车床仿真系统的总体方案,深入研究了虚拟制造的关键技术及具体实现方法。在Open-GL与VC 的平台上,基于NC代码直接驱动仿真加工过程的虚拟现实技术,利用3ds Max对静态物体进行几何建模,利用重画技术和粒子系统方法对动态物体进行行为建模和物理建模,然后将几何建模、行为建模和物理建模结合起来模拟整个数控加工过程。     

虚拟数控车床螺纹加工中的工件建模方法

工件建模方法是虚拟数控加工中的关键技术,由于其形体在加工过程中不断变化,所以其模型需要能够根据加工过程实时调整.在介绍传统数控车床虚拟仿真系统的工件建模方法的基础上,分析了其在螺纹加工过程中的不足,并给出了适合螺纹加工的工件体建模方法,并使用OpenGL和VC++编程实现了螺纹体的建模.     

基于UG二次开发船模数控加工机的研究

对使用UG软件实现船模的建模和仿真加工进行了介绍,讨论了建模时应注意的问题,以及加工过程仿真的步骤,并生成了加工所需要的数控代码。     

金属线材折弯虚拟仿真系统的设计与实现

针对金属线材产品种类多、结构复杂度高、加工过程动作多且易发生碰撞干涉等特点,研究金属线材产品建模和仿真加工技术,实现线材产品的加工仿真,以检查产品设计和机床加工动作的合理性,优化加工工艺。分析了折弯机械的运动控制和折弯工艺,推导出产品建模参数与样机运动参数的数学关系式。基于OpenGL API,使用分段建模的方法实现线材产品参数化三维建模;使用“嵌套矩阵法”和运动控制函数实现线材的加工仿真。虚拟仿真系统由产品建模模块和仿真加工模块组成,前者用于产品建模和三维模型显示,后者用于加工轨迹规划和加工动画演示。实验表明,仿真系统可以实现金属线材产品在线设计和加工工艺优化,能够加快产品设计和试加工过程。     

虚拟精密加工系统开发的研究

建立了虚拟加工系统的体系结构 ,对建模和仿真等关键问题进行了讨论 ,并开发了虚拟精密加工系统用以仿真光学零件的加工过程。     

发动机曲轴的数控加工过程仿真

介绍了使用Unigraphics NX软件进行发动机曲轴的建模和仿真加工过程的内容、加工过程仿真的步骤、通用后置处理软件包UG／PostBuilder的功能和内容。此后置处理技术较好地应用于加工中心的加工,并生成了加工所需要的数控代码。     

数字化制造中的建模和仿真技术

论述了面向数字化制造的三类建模和仿真技术,即产品建模和仿真技术、工艺过程建模和仿真技术以及制造系统建模和仿真技术,并结合具体研究项目,重点介绍了面向制造的产品数字化建模、导管数控弯曲过程建模与仿真、虚拟装配与装配过程仿真、生产线建模与仿真技术的应用和发展。指出为提高制造系统的快速响应特性、运行效率及可靠性,应在产品数字化建模研究的基础上,重视对工艺过程,即产品加工过程、装配过程及生产系统规划、重组和仿真等技术的研究,以实现生产资源和加工过程的优化以及从传统制造向可预测制造模式的转变。最后指出了推动数字化建模和仿真技术朝实用化方向发展的几项关键技术。     

虚拟数控加工过程仿真技术

虚拟数控加工过程仿真分几何仿真和物理仿真,几何仿真研究成果很多,笔者总结了实现数控加工几何仿真的几种常见方案。物理仿真由于切削机理复杂,建模难度大,目前还处于理论研究阶段,是今后发展的主要方向。针对现有加工过程仿真模型中存在的问题,最后指出了必须加强物理仿真的研究,以进行几何仿真与物理仿真的无缝集成。     

数控车削加工仿真系统的研究

以数控车削加工过程仿真为对象,综合产品参数建模技术、优化方法、计算机图形学及计算机动画技术等,开发出"数控车削加工仿真系统".通过VRML建立虚拟数控车床的三维实体模型、机床运动模型来仿真数控车床的操作、加工过程,提供了真实感较强的虚拟操作加工的检测及培训环境.     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

聚焦型微通道内气泡生成特性数值模拟

微气泡因具有比表面积小和稳定性好等特点被广泛应用于污水处理和矿物浮选等领域。为了高效获得稳定的微气泡,利用COMSOL软件研究了聚焦型微通道中气、液相流速、表面张力、液相黏度和壁面润湿性对气泡生成的影响。结果表明:当气相流速增加时,气相克服表面张力的能力增强,气泡的脱离尺寸和频率增大,脱离时间减小;液相流速增加时作用在微气泡上的惯性力和剪切力增大,气泡脱离时间和脱离尺寸均减小;表面张力增大时气泡脱离时间和脱离尺寸增大,脱离频率减小;液相黏度增大时,作用于气泡的黏性力随之增大,气泡的脱离时间和脱离直径均随之减小,脱离频率增大;接触角从40°增大到180°,气泡的脱离尺寸和脱离时间整体先增大后减小,脱离频率先减小后增大。     

The actuality and progress of whole sky infrared cloud remote sensing techniques

Clouds are crucial regulators of both weather and climate. Properties such as the amount,type,height,distribution and movement of them have an impact on the earth's radiation budget and the hydrological cycle,thus cloud observation is very important. The disadvantages of zenith pointing measuring instruments and whole sky visible imagers limit the application of them.A summary of the actuality and application of ground-based whole sky infrared cloud measuring instruments and analyses of the techniques of radiometric calibrations,removal of atmospheric emission and calculation of cloud cover,amount,type are conducted to promote the automatically observation of the whole sky. Fully considering whole sky infrared cloud sounding theories,techniques and applications,there are still a lot of studies on improving the properties of instruments,enhancing the techniques of cloud base height measurements and establishing instrumental cloud classification criterion before actual operations.     

大尺度构件重载高精加工机器人本体设计与性能提升关键技术

基于典型大尺度构件的移动机器人化加工需求背景与发展现状的总结与分析,提出了大工作空间、高刚度、高精度、重载、轻量化、高动态响应、大负载自重比的大尺度构件加工机器人本体的基本性能要求。围绕上述基本性能要求,从机器人本体构型与机构优化设计,高性能加工机器人专用控制器与加工机器人操作系统开发,加工机器人运动学参数动态标定及位姿误差实时预测与动态补偿,刚柔耦合多体动力学建模,机器人动力学控制及主动振动控制等方面,论证了重载高精度加工机器人本体的优化设计及机器人性能提升方法,并完成了大尺度构件加工机器人本体构型与机构的概念设计。大尺度构件加工机器人本体的创新设计与研制,可为航空航天等领域的典型大尺度构件提供高性能的超柔性机器人化加工系统,并有助于推动国产工业机器人关键性能的提升。     

XPN-FMS: A CAD tool for FMS modeling, analysis, animation, and simulation using Petri nets and X window

We propose a CAD tool, XPN-FMS, which is primarily based on a unique Petri net (PN) synthesis method, called the knitting technique, developed by the authors. Petri net theory has been applied to specification, validation, performance analysis, control code generation, and simulation for manufacturing systems. The analysis of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) based on PNs suffers from the complexity problem of reachability analysis (Peterson, 1981). CAD tools are urgently needed. There is no existing CAD tool for FMSs as comprehensive as XPN-FMS, in the sense that the latter integrates the functions of drawing, analysis, reduction (Chao and Wang, 1992; Murata and Koh, 1980), synthesis, property queries, and animation of FMS operations in one software package. Using the X window graphical interface and animation, XPN-FMS makes the modeling and analysis of an FMS visualizable and easy to understand and manipulate. It lets a user draw the factory layout of an FMS on the screen of a monitor using the supplied tools. A corresponding PN model can also be drawn on the monitor screen. XPN-FMS can animate and simulate the overall operating process of the FMS. It is useful for FMS specification, validation, and exploration of different design alternatives, status monitoring, and control. Using XPN-FMS with various inputs and comparing the resulting outputs, the user can determine how to improve efficiency, reduce cost, and pinpoint bottlenecks. For the PN models of FMSs that are decision free, we extend the theory and algorithm of a unique matrix-based method (Chao and Wang, 1993b) to search for subcritical loops (including types A and B) and to support scheduling and dealing with transition periods. XPN-FMS implements this extended method to find the minimum cycle time, critical loop, subcritical loops, next critical loop, and scheduling ranges to avoid the transient period for static scheduling. This is implemented in XPN-FMS for the input sequence control.This project is partially funded by NJIT's Separately Budgeted Research Program. Portions of this article were presented in Chao, Chen, Wang, and Zhou (1992),Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Chicago, Illinois, October 1992. The former name of the first author, which has appeared in some of his earlier publications, was Yuh Yaw.     

微波滤波器的装调融合建模与反演

微波滤波器作为关键的选频装置,在设计制造周期中存在一些突出问题,如设计制造周期数据割裂以及数据缺乏有效利用,从而导致设计制造阶段脱节,降低了设计制造迭代效率。文中提出了一种微波滤波器装调融合建模与反演方法,根据滤波器的设计信息、制造数据以及滤波器机理采用自顶向下的方式构建滤波器知识图谱,利用知识图谱对微波滤波器的数据与机理进行规范化存储;利用机理数据融合建模的方法构建微波滤波器正向演进模型;基于正向演进模型,结合渐进空间映射算法,构建微波滤波器快速装调反演模型。演进与反演实验结果表明,预测电性能与实际电性能基本重合,故障滤波器通过两次装调即可满足设计指标。该方法能够实现微波滤波器设计制造数据的有效关联、微波滤波器性能演进的有效预测以及快速装调反演,提高了设计制造周期数据的利用率,增强了滤波器设计与制造的协同。     

一种新型弱耦合三平移并联机器人机构及其运动学分析

提出一种弱耦合2RRPaR+PPaP三平移操作机器人机构,分析了机构的自由度及拓扑结构特征;推导了机构的正逆解方程以及速度、加速度模型,根据速度雅可比矩阵,分析了机构的奇异位置;根据机构的逆解方程和主要约束,采用三维极坐标边界搜索法绘制了机构的工作空间三维实体图和截面图;由ADAMS三维模型仿真和运动正解方程计算所得的位移、速度、加速度曲线基本一致,验证了运动方程的正确性。该机构解耦性好、结构简单、运动灵活,在纵向移动方向上具有部分解耦和工作空间大的优点,适合用作生产线自动操作手机构。     

Contribution of high-resolution correlative imaging techniques in the study of the liver sieve in three-dimensions

Correlative microscopy has become increasingly important for the analysis of the structure, function, and dynamics of cells. This is largely due to the result of recent advances in light-, probe-, laser- and various electron microscopy techniques that facilitate three-dimensional studies. Furthermore, the improved understanding in the past decade of imaging cell compartments in the third dimension has resulted largely from the availability of powerful computers, fast high-resolution CCD cameras, specifically developed imaging analysis software, and various probes designed for labeling living and or fixed cells. In this paper, we review different correlative high-resolution imaging methodologies and how these microscopy techniques facilitated the accumulation of new insights in the morpho-functional and structural organization of the hepatic sieve. Various aspects of hepatic endothelial fenestrae regarding their structure, origin, dynamics, and formation will be explored throughout this paper by comparing the results of confocal laser scanning-, correlative fluorescence and scanning electron-, atomic force-, and whole-mount electron microscopy. Furthermore, the recent advances of vitrifying cells with the vitrobot in combination with the glove box for the preparation of cells for cryo-electron microscopic investigation will be discussed. Finally, the first transmission electron tomography data of the liver sieve in three-dimensions are presented. The obtained data unambiguously show the involvement of special domains in the de novo formation and disappearance of hepatic fenestrae, and focuses future research into the (supra)molecular structure of the fenestrae-forming center, defenestration center and fenestrae-, and sieve plate cytoskeleton ring by using advanced cryo-electron tomography.     

[学科发展]润滑研究进展

过去20余年，薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、生物润滑、绿色润滑、微量润滑等取得了重要进展。最近10余年，超滑、仿生润滑、智能润滑与监测，以及摩擦学测试技术和模拟仿真技术等研究飞速发展。微观研究已经成为润滑研究的主要手段，面向风力发电机、高铁、深空探测、深海探测、大飞机、超高速飞行器、新能源汽车等领域的润滑与密封和绿色近零排放润滑研究已经成为工业界关注的焦点。超滑作为润滑领域的新型颠覆性技术，逐步显示出其在工业生产和人类日常生活中的应用优势与勃勃发展生机。生物润滑包括人类器官中的摩擦与润滑和仿生学研究，在人类健康生活方面展示出重要作用。极端环境（高温、超低温、真空、高压等）摩擦与润滑，在卫星、火箭、舰艇、核电站及其他国防设施上用途广泛。而智能润滑等新兴领域发展，也将智能化应用到润滑领域，为设备的智能运行和制造提供了新的思路。在此，对润滑领域几个重要发展方向，如超滑、薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、智能润滑、生物仿生学、绿色摩擦与润滑，以及摩擦学测试方法等方面进行回顾，介绍了国内外同行最新研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。     

无人直升机六足式起落架设计与控制算法

无人直升机在作战、巡逻、反潜、救援、运输中发挥极其重要的作用,但是传统起落架形式对起降环境要求较高。针对复杂地形自适应起落、恶劣海况舰面起降和停放以及应急坠撞高生存力等问题,提出了一种基于多连杆机构设计的无人直升机仿生腿式起落架系统,并完成了控制算法研究和建模仿真。首先从仿生腿数量、分布形式、腿部自由度配置和需要完成的功能等方面对仿生腿式起落架机械构型进行分析,并完成了六足式起落架运动学和动力学分析。然后针对仿生腿式起落架自适应着陆过程,完成着陆缓冲和地形建模算法的研究。最后,基于控制算法搭建虚拟样机仿真模型,完成了多种地形的仿真分析和样机测试。研究结果表明,所设计的仿生腿式起落架结构和控制算法可完成动态自适应着陆,实现着陆过程的平稳缓冲。