一种零空间避障的机械臂末端轨迹跟踪算法

针对传统的零空间避障方法无法根据障碍物距离提前采取避障行为同时保证末端跟踪精度的问题,提出一种零空间避障的机械臂末端轨迹跟踪算法.该方法采用伪距离代替欧氏距离作为距离接近度指标解决零空间避障问题,同时设计一种自适应正定系数矩阵K和速度误差饱和函数sat(e),将实时轨迹运行结果反馈给冗余机械臂运动学反解,根据反馈结果自适应调节关节角速度以减小末端轨迹跟踪误差.采用iiwa14机械臂进行仿真实验,仿真的结果表明,所提出的算法能够在完成冗余机械臂零空间避障的同时保证末端轨迹跟踪误差在1 cm以下,验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

冗余机器人的任务优先级轨迹规划方法

当机械臂末端沿期望轨迹运动时,若障碍物影响机械臂末端运动,则末端会与障碍物发生冲突,使其偏离期望运动轨迹。针对这一问题,提出了一种任务优先级轨迹规划方法,使机械臂末端避障后能够继续跟踪期望轨迹。当机械臂末端运动轨迹中含有障碍物时,赋予避障运动作为优先控制,通过计算末端位置增量使机械臂末端产生逃离速度,进而避开障碍物;反之,赋予轨迹跟踪作为优先控制,通过对机械臂期望轨迹与实际位置进行误差控制,达到提高末端轨迹跟踪精度的目的。最后,对冗余机器人进行了仿真及试验验证。结果表明,当障碍物与机械臂末端运动轨迹发生冲突时,基于任务优先级的轨迹规划方法可以使机械臂末端有效地避开障碍物,同时,末端避障后机械臂仍能跟踪到期望轨迹运动。     

冗余度双臂机器人协作策略下实时避障算法

针对冗余度双臂机器人协调操作过程中机械臂本体避障及躲避环境障碍问题,提出了基于冗余机械臂自运动特性的双臂机器人协作策略下实时避障算法。首先,利用障碍物在机械臂连杆上的投影矢量筛选掉不会避碰杆件,再计算可能避碰杆件与障碍物的最短距离;其次,根据双臂协作的运动学约束关系,得到冗余度双臂机器人协调搬运避障的运动学逆解;再次,引入梯度“安全距离”和两个避障因子,实时改变机械臂的避障速度,使机器人末端完成协作任务以及双臂实时自避碰及躲避环境障碍物的任务;最后,利用冗余度双臂机器人进行仿真及实验。结果表明：双臂机器人末端执行器执行协作任务的同时机器人双臂可以躲避障碍物,且各关节运动连续、平稳。     

基于主从任务转化的闭环控制避障算法

冗余度机械臂避障算法研究一直是机器人领域的研究热点之一。针对传统算法的不足提出一种基于主从任务转化的闭环控制避障算法。主从任务转化通过监测机械臂各杆件与障碍物之间的最小距离变化实现避障任务和期望轨迹跟踪任务的主从切换,从而解决当障碍物位于机械臂末端期望轨迹上时避障运动和期望轨迹跟踪运动存在的相互冲突问题。考虑到机械臂避障时其末端跟踪精度差的问题,引入对冗余度机器臂末端期望位置和实际位置的误差控制,使得机械臂末端跟踪精度显著提高。同时,该算法还适用于多障碍物避障和动态避障且具有计算量小和躲避速度变化连续等优点。通过三自由度平面冗余度机器臂的仿真试验,验证了该算法的正确性。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效解决当障碍物位于机械臂末端期望轨迹上时存在的冲突问题,而且机械臂在避障的同时也能够高精度跟踪末端期望轨迹,且能够完成多障碍物避障和动态避障。     

七自由度机械臂运动学分析

针对神经网络和梯度投影法求解七自由度机械臂逆运动学存在的可靠性差及累积误差等问题,充分考虑机械臂构型特点和自运动特性,提出一种几何法和解析法相结合的冗余机械臂逆运动学新方法并进行仿真验证,通过位置误差和姿态误差来衡量该方法的可行性。实验结果表明:采用该方法对机械臂逆运动学进行求解,机械臂末端位置最大误差不超过0.015mm,平均运行时间为0.455ms,满足实时控制要求,为具有横滚转动副机械臂关节角度求解提供了一种新的思路。     

机械臂全工作空间域非参数约束位姿误差估算

针对机械臂全工作空间域位姿误差估算,提出了非参数化约束的运动学误差综合解算与动态估算方法。基于误差等效微分变量和多关节运动的连杆坐标系误差等效微分变换,构建了机械臂运动学动态非参数化约束的位姿误差模型。将多因素产生末端位姿误差归结为与关节转角变量有关的周期性动态函数变化,实现了机械臂综合误差的动态函数化描述。根据多连杆坐标系关节运动耦合规律,设计了多关节运动空间坐标系位姿在线解耦变换与补偿算法。全工作空间域验证实验中,误差估算值与测量值之间的位置坐标的最大绝对值偏差小于0.01 mm,姿态角的最大绝对值偏差小于0.03°。实验结果表明,该方法可提高机械臂全工作空间域位姿误差估算的精度与可靠性。     

一种任务转化的动态避障算法

传统的避障算法多适用于静态障碍物,且当障碍物位于机械臂末端期望轨迹上时,算法会失效,针对传统算法的不足提出了一种基于任务转化的动态避障算法。该算法通过监测机械臂各杆件与障碍物之间的最小距离变化实现末端期望轨迹跟踪运动和避障运动的任务转化,通过实时监测障碍物的位置变化完成动态避障。最后,通过三自由度平面冗余度机器臂的仿真实验,验证了该算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效解决当障碍物位于机械臂末端期望轨迹上时存在的冲突问题,且能够完成动态避障。     

运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正方法

运动助力机械臂的轨迹跟踪控制是实现高精度工作的关键。由于运动助力机械臂参数存在的不确定性等因素，导致运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差较高，为此，提出了运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正方法。分析运动助力机械臂空间位置和变换关系，根据运动助力机械臂关节与连杆之间的空间坐标矩阵变换过程，构建齐次坐标变换矩阵，获取机械臂末端执行器的空间位姿矩阵。通过定义机械臂轨迹的相关性特征集，得到机械臂轨迹跟踪误差的校正指标。基于置信概率计算，确定机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正的约束范围，构建约束参量分析模型。采用遗传算法的原理，求解运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正参数，实现运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正。实验结果表明，所提方法的运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正效果较好，能够有效提高运动助力机械臂轨迹跟踪误差校正精度。     

基于视觉反馈的机器人末端轨迹跟踪控制研究

工业机器人受机械本体间隙误差及外界干扰,在进行焊接、喷涂等工作时难以精确跟踪期望轨迹,严重影响工作效率和质量。根据视觉反馈控制原理,提出一种基于视觉反馈的末端位置动态补偿方法,设计视觉及末端执行器补偿机构,通过高速相机检测机械臂末端与期望轨迹的图像位置偏差,利用末端执行器进行位置补偿,可以快速高精度跟踪期望轨迹。通过实验对提出的方法进行验证,结果表明即使有外界干扰的情况下,机器人末端的跟踪误差最大为1.45 mm,显著提高了轨迹跟踪精度和跟踪速度,满足工业机器人末端快速、高精度的轨迹跟踪工况要求。     

指定初始关节速度的冗余度机械臂运动规划方案设计

设计了一种指定初始关节速度的冗余度机械臂运动规划方案.首先,根据机械臂关节角状态和末端执行器运动状态,在速度层上对机械臂建立伪逆算法求解模型;其次,为实现关节速度从指定初始速度连续趋近于执行任务所期望的速度解而在关节速度上加约束函数进行调整;再次,为减少机械臂执行任务期间末端执行器的位置误差而采用误差补偿方法以保证轨迹跟踪的精度;最后,将运动规划方案在MATLAB软件上对平面四连杆机械臂进行了仿真实验.仿真结果表明,该运动规划方案能消除机械臂在任务切换过程中的速度跳变,且末端执行器跟踪路径能达到较高的精度.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.