基于MCKD和VMD关联维数的轴承故障特征提取AR模型

针对滚动轴承早期故障易受噪声影响难以准确提取特征信息的问题,提出了一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和变分模态分解(VMD)关联维数的故障诊断AR模型.采用MCKD对滚动轴承振动信号进行降噪处理,滤除噪声影响;对降噪后的信号进行VMD分解,选择对故障特征敏感的IMF分量进行信号重构,并对重构信号建立AR模型,获取自回归参数;计算在指定嵌入维数上自回归参数的关联维数,对滚动轴承的故障进行诊断.实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提取故障信号中的特征信息,证明了方法的有效性.     

关联维数和基于内禀模态函数的AR模型在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于内禀模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)、自回归(Auto-Regressive,AR)模型和关联维数的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先采用经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)将滚动轴承振动信号分解成若干个IMF,然后对包含主要故障信息的IMF分量建立AR模型,计算AR模型自回归参数的关联维数,并以关联维数作为特征向量输入神经网络分类器,最后通过网络的输出结果来识别轴承的工作状态和故障类型.对实验数据的分析结果表明,该方法能有效地应用于滚动轴承的故障诊断.     

基于VMD的自适应随机共振在滚动轴承早期故障检测中的应用

针对滚动轴承早期微弱故障难以检测的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(Variational mode decompsition,VMD)的自适应随机共振轴承故障检测方法。首先对滚动轴承的振动故障信号进行VMD分解,得到有限个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),选取包含故障特征的IMF分量并进行信号重构;将重构信号输入随机共振系统,采用以改进加权峭度为目标函数的量子粒子群算法,优化系统结构参数,得到最佳共振输出,从而实现降噪和增强故障特征的目的,最后通过输出信号的自相关包络谱提取故障特征频率。实测数据的分析结果验证了该方法的有效性和优势。     

应用AR模型的多参数与多测点信息融合的故障分类

为了找到针对齿轮传动系统多类故障分类的有效方法,对行星齿轮传动系统进行故障实验,获取振动信号。采用EMD方法对该振动信号进行预处理,得到若干个IMF分量之和,对前4个有效的IMF分量分别建立AR模型,得到对应的自回归参数序列ф,进而对其分别计算关联维数、最大Lyapunov指数、样本熵这3个混沌特征参数,并将其作为辨识特征量。将不同测点对应的ф的不同混沌特征参数信息融合作为支持向量机的输入向量,建立6种不同故障状态的训练集,实现对故障类型进行分类。结果表明:对实验获取的振动信号进行EMD和AR模型处理后,能在很大程度上提高故障分类准确率。     

基于EEMD与奇异熵增量谱的齿轮故障特征提取

针对齿轮振动信号非线性、非平稳的特点,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)与奇异熵增量谱的齿轮故障特征提取方法。首先,利用EEMD方法将齿轮振动信号分解为若干个平稳的本征模态函数(IMF)分量。EEMD方法利用正态分布白噪声的二进尺度分解特性,能够有效抑制经验模态分解(EMD)中的模态混叠现象。但由于背景噪声和残余辅助白噪声的影响,EEMD分解得到的IMF分量难以准确提取齿轮故障特征。利用奇异值分解(SVD)对IMF分量进行消噪和重构,根据奇异熵增量谱确定重构阶次,准确地提取齿轮的故障特征频率。仿真信号分析和齿轮箱齿轮故障实验验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

基于VMD和AR模型的转子裂纹故障诊断方法

针对裂纹转子振动位移信号不平稳、非线性,故障特征难提取,且在故障初期缺少对样本的收集和整理等问题,提出了一种基于VMD(Variational Mode Decomposition-变分模态分解)和AR(Auto Regressive-自回归)模型的转子裂纹故障诊断方法。采用VMD方法对转子位移信号处理,得到若干个平稳的本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function),再分别对每个IMF分量建立AR模型,利用最小二乘法计算模型参数和残差的方差,将模型参数和残差的方差作为系统状态特征向量,建立马氏距离(Mahalanobis distance)判别函数,通过设置相应加权参数得到综合距离来实现裂纹故障诊断。最后采用VMD和AR方法进行了转子裂纹故障的诊断实验,实验结果表明,基于VMD和AR模型诊断转子裂纹故障是可行和有效的,克服了AR模型在诊断转子裂纹故障的不足。     

基于变分模态分解和符号熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

为提高齿轮的故障诊断效果,提出了基于变分模态分解(Variational Modal Decomposition,VMD)和符号熵(Symbol Entropy, SE)的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先,利用VMD对齿轮故障振动信号进行分解,得到若干个本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);然后,计算IMF分量的符号熵,并将IMF符号熵组成齿轮故障特征向量;最后,将特征向量输入SVM进行故障诊断。齿轮故障诊断实测结果验证了该方法的有效性和优势。     

基于参数优化VMD的齿轮箱故障特征提取方法

为解决齿轮箱故障振动信号信噪比低、故障特征提取难的问题,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解(VMD)的齿轮箱故障特征提取方法。首先,以分解结果的局部极小包络熵最小为目标,利用果蝇算法搜寻VMD分解参数K和α的最优组合;将原始信号分解成若干IMF分量,从中选择包络熵较小的分量进行信号重构,并对重构信号进行包络解调运算,从重构信号的包络谱中提取故障频率特征。结果表明,利用此方法对实测信号进行处理,成功降噪、提取齿轮箱故障特征,并且比利用经验模态分解方法降噪效果更好,提取的故障特征更加明显。     

基于自适应变分模态分解和调制信号双谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号的强非线性和非平稳特征,提出了一种基于自适应变分模态分解和调制信号双谱分析(AVMD-MSB)的故障诊断方法来提取滚动轴承故障特征。首先,利用AVMD自适应地选择VMD参数K和α并将振动信号分解为一系列本征模态函数(IMF),减少了基于经验或信号先验知识对VMD参数选择不当而造成的误差;然后,依据相关峭度指数对所有IMF分量进行加权重构,避免意外遗漏包含重要故障信息的IMF分量;最后,应用MSB进一步抑制信号中的残余噪声和干扰成分,以增强周期性故障脉冲,准确提取轴承故障特征。2组不同类型轴承的试验结果表明,AVMD-MSB的特征频率增强系数远高于AVMD-Envelope和常规VMD-MSB,在滚动轴承故障诊断方面具有更高的灵敏度和更强的鲁棒性。     

参数优化变分模态分解和多域特征融合的行星变速箱故障诊断

为提高行星变速箱的诊断精度,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解和多域特征融合的行星变速箱故障诊断方法.首先,为提高变分模态分解(VMD)对信号的分解效果,以天牛须搜索(BAS)为优化方法进行VMD参数的优化.其次,以参数优化VMD完成信号的分解,并筛选出分解所得本征模态函数(IMF)中包络熵最小的IMF.再次,计算包络熵最小IMF的时域、频城和尺度域特征组成高维多城故障特征集,而后通过监督局部切空间排列(SLTSA)完成特征集的降维.最后,通过支持向量机对故障特征进行识别,得到诊断结果.行星变速箱故障诊断实例验证了方法的有效性.     

Incipient fault feature extraction of rolling bearings based on the MVMD and Teager energy operator

Aiming at the problems that the incipient fault of rolling bearings is difficult to recognize and the number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by variational mode decomposition (VMD) must be set in advance and can not be adaptively selected, taking full advantages of the adaptive segmentation of scale spectrum and Teager energy operator (TEO) demodulation, a new method for early fault feature extraction of rolling bearings based on the modified VMD and Teager energy operator (MVMD-TEO) is proposed. Firstly, the vibration signal of rolling bearings is analyzed by adaptive scale space spectrum segmentation to obtain the spectrum segmentation support boundary, and then the number K of IMFs decomposed by VMD is adaptively determined. Secondly, the original vibration signal is adaptively decomposed into K IMFs, and the effective IMF components are extracted based on the correlation coefficient criterion. Finally, the Teager energy spectrum of the reconstructed signal of the effective IMF components is calculated by the TEO, and then the early fault features of rolling bearings are extracted to realize the fault identification and location. Comparative experiments of the proposed method and the existing fault feature extraction method based on Local Mean Decomposition and Teager energy operator (LMD-TEO) have been implemented using experimental data-sets and a measured data-set. The results of comparative experiments in three application cases show that the presented method can achieve a fairly or slightly better performance than LMD-TEO method, and the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are proved.     

基于MCKD和改进HHT多尺度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮故障信号常伴有大量噪声,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)多尺度模糊熵的故障诊断方法。首先采用MCKD算法对采集到的齿轮振动信号进行降噪处理,以提高信号的信噪比;然后利用自适应白噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对降噪后信号进行分解,获得一系列不同尺度的固有模态函数(IMF),并通过相关系数-能量的虚假IMF评价方法选取对故障敏感的模态分量;最后计算敏感IMF分量的模糊熵,将获得的原信号多尺度的模糊熵作为状态特征参数输入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)中,对齿轮的故障类型进行诊断。实测信号的诊断结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮故障的有效诊断。     

Impact fault detection of gearbox based on variational mode decomposition and coupled underdamped stochastic resonance

In the gear fault diagnosis, the emergence of periodic impulse components in vibration signals is an important symptom of gear failure. However, heavy background noise makes it difficult to extract the weak periodic impulse features. Therefore, the paper presents an impact fault detection method of gearbox by combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with coupled underdamped stochastic resonance (CUSR) to extract the periodic impulse features. First, the adaptive VMD is presented to decompose the vibration signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can automatically determine the appropriate mode number according to the correlation kurtosis (CK) of decomposition results and extract the sensitive IMF component containing the main fault information. Next, the adaptive CUSR method is developed to analyze the selected sensitive IMF component, and the optimal system parameters are obtained by the genetic algorithm using the CK index as optimization objective function. Finally, the periodic impulse features are extracted by the output signal of CUSR system accurately. Experiments and engineering application verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive VMD-CUSR method for extracting the periodic impulse features in gear fault diagnosis compared to other methods.     

Early fault feature extraction of bearings based on Teager energy operator and optimal VMD

As the fault shock component in vibration signals is extremely sparse and weak, it is difficult to extract the fault features when large-scale, low-speed and heavy-duty mechanical equipment is in the early stage of failure. To solve this problem, an early fault feature extraction method based on the Teager energy operator, combined with optimal variational mode decomposition (VMD) is presented in this study. First, the Teager energy operator was used to strengthen the weak shock component of the original signal. Next, a logistic–sine complex chaotic mapping with variable dimensions was constructed to enhance the global search ability and convergence speed of the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm, which is named the variable dimension chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (VDCPIO) algorithm. Then, the VDCPIO algorithm is used to search for the optimal combination value of key parameters of VMD. The enhanced vibration signal is decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the optimized VMD, and then kurtosis for every IMF and mean kurtosis of all IMFs are extracted. According to the average kurtosis, several IMFs, whose kurtosis value is greater than the average kurtosis value, are selected to reconstruct a new signal. Then, envelope spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal is carried out to extract the early fault features. Finally, experimental verification of the method was performed using the simulated signal and measured signal from a rolling bearing; the experimental results indicate that the method presented in this paper is more effective to extract the early fault features of this kind of mechanical equipment.     

基于变分模态分解和PSO-SVM的起重机齿轮箱故障诊断

起重机齿轮箱的振动信号具有信噪比低、非线性的特点,需要一定的专业知识和经验才能实现故障诊断。为了实现起重机齿轮箱的智能故障诊断,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(Variation?al modal decomposition,VMD)改进小波降噪和粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)优化支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的智能故障诊断方法。首先,利用VMD将振动信号分解,得到不同尺度的本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),将分解的高频分量进行改进小波降噪后和低频分量完成信号重构;然后,提取重构信号的特征参数构建特征向量,使用核主分量分析(Ker?nel principal component analysis,KPCA)对向量降维处理实现特征信息融合;最后,利用PSO优化后的SVM进行故障识别分类。实验验证表明,基于VMD改进小波信号预处理和PSO算法优化SVM的模型具有很高的识别准确率,能够有效、准确地对起重机齿轮箱的故障类型进行识别和分类。     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

EEMD和TFPF联合降噪法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为了消除噪声对齿轮传动系统故障特征提取的影响,提出了一种基于集成经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)和时频峰值滤波(time-frequency peak filtering,简称TFPF)相结合的降噪方法。针对TFPF算法在窗长的选择方面受到限制的问题,采用了EEMD方法对其进行改进,使得信号在噪声压制和有效信号保真两方面得到权衡;含噪声的信号经过EEMD分解后,得到一系列频率成分从高到低的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMFs),计算出各IMFs间的相关系数,判断需要滤波的IMFs。对不同的IMFs选择不同的窗长进行TFPF滤波,把过滤后的IMFs和剩余的IMFs重构得到最终的降噪信号。用模拟仿真信号和齿轮齿根故障信号对该方法进行验证,可见EEMD+TFPF能有效地去除噪声,成功提取齿根裂纹故障特征。     

VMD能量熵与随机森林相结合的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮故障的非线性、非稳定性特点和单个分类器在故障诊断中准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和随机森林(RF)的齿轮故障识别方法。首先,采用变分模态分解将振动信号分解成有限个本征模态函数(IMFs),并与总体平均经验模态分解对比其分解效果;其次,计算各模态函数的能量熵,将能量熵作为评判齿轮状态的标准,构建特征向量;最后,将特征向量输入随机森林进行故障分类。结果表明,与支持向量机(SVM)识别方法对比,该方法具有较强的学习能力以及较高的诊断精度。     

齿轮点蚀的多通道数据融合识别方法

针对齿轮箱振动信号中混杂其他零部件振动频率的问题,提出一种基于小波包分解独立分量分析（wavelet package independent component analysis,简称WPICA）和多维经验模式分解（multivariate empirical mode decomposition,简称MEMD）的齿轮箱齿面点蚀故障信号的多通道数据融合识别方法。首先,利用一种窄带独立分量分析(sub-band decomposition independent component analysis,简称SDICA)方法—WPICA,从水泵机组多通道信号中提取齿轮箱振源,确定齿轮箱振动包含的特征频率成分;其次,借助MEMD分解多通道机组振动信号,将所获得的多维固有模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)进行矩阵互信息运算,完成多通道数据的融合;最后,通过定义IMF故障敏感因子,确定故障敏感IMF的阶数并获得了齿轮点蚀故障的特征频率。数据分析结果证明了本研究方法的有效性。     

基于电信号的改进VMD和DBN-DNN液压齿轮泵轮齿故障监测方法研究

液压系统电机电信号中包含丰富的系统运行状态信息,如何准确对电信号中的运行信息进行提取和分类是实现液压系统状态监测的关键。电机电流信号中蕴含的液压齿轮泵早期故障特征微弱,提取困难,用传统时频分析方法难以实现故障特征分离。本文提出基于相关系数和人工蜂群算法(Artificial bee colony,ABC)实现了对变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)参数的优化,同时以信号相关系数和峭度值最大为选取原则,确定有效的本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF),并将IMF有效分量的排列熵和均方根值作为高维特征向量输入深度信念网络(Deep belief network,DBN-DNN),实现了对齿轮泵运行状态进行监测。结果表明,该方法能准确稳定地提取电流信号中携带的齿轮泵故障的微弱特征,进行齿轮泵运行状态监测,提高了齿轮故障诊断的准确性。