Early fault feature extraction of bearings based on Teager energy operator and optimal VMD

As the fault shock component in vibration signals is extremely sparse and weak, it is difficult to extract the fault features when large-scale, low-speed and heavy-duty mechanical equipment is in the early stage of failure. To solve this problem, an early fault feature extraction method based on the Teager energy operator, combined with optimal variational mode decomposition (VMD) is presented in this study. First, the Teager energy operator was used to strengthen the weak shock component of the original signal. Next, a logistic–sine complex chaotic mapping with variable dimensions was constructed to enhance the global search ability and convergence speed of the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm, which is named the variable dimension chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (VDCPIO) algorithm. Then, the VDCPIO algorithm is used to search for the optimal combination value of key parameters of VMD. The enhanced vibration signal is decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the optimized VMD, and then kurtosis for every IMF and mean kurtosis of all IMFs are extracted. According to the average kurtosis, several IMFs, whose kurtosis value is greater than the average kurtosis value, are selected to reconstruct a new signal. Then, envelope spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal is carried out to extract the early fault features. Finally, experimental verification of the method was performed using the simulated signal and measured signal from a rolling bearing; the experimental results indicate that the method presented in this paper is more effective to extract the early fault features of this kind of mechanical equipment.     

基于SVD-EEMD和TEO的滚动轴承弱故障特征提取

将奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)与集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)进行结合,提出一种适用于滚动轴承弱故障状态描述的敏感特征提取方法。为提高信号故障信息的提取质量,对采集信号进行相空间重构得到一种Hankel矩阵。根据该矩阵的奇异值差分谱,确定降噪阶次进行SVD降燥。用EEMD分解降噪后的信号可获得11个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)和1个余项。依据建立的峭度-均方差准则,筛选出一个能够有效描述故障状态的敏感IMF分量,计算其相应的Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,简称TEO),对此TEO进行Fourier变换,实现了对滚动轴承弱故障模式的有效辨识。用美国凯斯西储大学公开的滚动轴承故障信号对所建立的方法与传统EEMD-Hilbert法和EEMD-TEO方法进行对比,结果表明:经本方法提取的敏感特征能准确突显滚动轴承故障频率发生的周期性冲击,可准确识别其故障类型。     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。     

机械加工过程中轴承故障诊断方法研究

为了提高机械加工过程中滚动轴承故障诊断准确度,提出了基于新的解析能量算子的轴承故障诊断方法。在分析Teager能量算子缺陷基础上,提出了新的能量算子,命名为解析能量算子;解析能量算子无需满足Teager能量算子的使用条件,且能够更好地跟踪故障信号的冲击瞬态特征;使用EMD算法分解原始振动信号,给出了多指标融合的IMF分量筛选方法;对筛选出的IMF分量,计算其解析能量谱样本熵作为特征参数;在分析二叉树SVM缺点基础上,建立了投票法SVM多分类器;经试验验证,基于Teager能量谱样本熵的故障诊断准确率为78%,而基于解析能量谱样本熵的故障诊断准确率为100%,充分证明了解析能量算子在轴承故障诊断中的有效性。     

应用VMD与Teager能量算子的结构模态系统辨识

针对变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)参数选择对结构模态特征识别的影响,应用VMD和Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,简称TEO)提出了一种新的结构系统辨识方法,根据VMD层数参量K的变化寻找稳定的极点,用于识别结构模态特性。为了满足TEO对单分量的要求,采用VMD方法将振动信号分解成不同尺度的细节信号(band-limited intrinsic mode function,简称BIMF)。对BIMF使用TEO法估计固有频率与阻尼比,使用层数参量K时形成的稳态极点判断真实结构模态系统参数,去除虚假分量。进行了数值和实验验证,并与传统方法进行比较,结果表明,所提出的方法在传统模态分析与环境激励的模态分析均为有效、准确且可行的。     

基于WAEEMD和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对调制信号双谱（MSB）方法仅能处理平稳信号的不足,提出了一种基于加权平均集成经验模态分解（WAEEMD）和MSB的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,利用WAEEMD将滚动轴承的非平稳振动信号分解成一系列具有平稳特性的固有模态函数（IMF）;然后,开发了一种基于Teager能量峭度（TEK）的加权平均方法以强调敏感IMF的重要性,并将加权后的IMF重构为WAEEMD滤波信号;最后,应用MSB分解WAEEMD滤波信号中的调制分量并提取故障特征频率。仿真和实验结果表明,相对于快速谱峭度（FK）和EEMD-MSB方法,WAEEMD-MSB方法能更准确地获取故障特征,从而验证了WAEEMD-MSB方法的有效性。     

基于TVF-EMD和TEO的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取

针对旋转机械转子振动信号通常伴随着强噪声,难以提取其有效信息的问题,提出一种基于时变滤波经验模态分解(Time varying filtering based empirical mode decomposition,TVF-EMD)和Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,TEO)相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先,用TVF-EMD方法自适应地分解轴承振动信号,以获得一组本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode functions,IMFs);然后,对分解结果进行峭度计算,并根据峭度最大准则选出峰度值最高的敏感分量;进而,利用Teager能量算子对选定的敏感分量进行解调处理,通过观察明显的周期性故障特征频率来实现轴承微弱故障特征提取。进行了仿真和实验,结果证明,该方法能有效实现轴承微弱故障的诊断。     

基于POVMD和CAF的低转速齿轮箱故障诊断

针对低转速齿轮箱齿轮故障特征频率低、故障特征频率易被背景噪声淹没,使其难以准确提取的问题,提出了基于参数优化的变分模态分解(parameter optimization variational mode decomposition,简称POVMD)和循环自相关函数(cyclic autocorrelation function,简称CAF)结合的故障诊断方法。首先,通过POVMD对原始信号进行分解,选用余弦相似度度量选取敏感的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);其次,计算其循环自相关函数谱,获得包含调制特征的循环自相关函数谱切片;最后,使用Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,简称TEO)算法对切片解调,提取故障特征频率。同时将本方法与相关方法进行了对比分析,特征频率提取效果更加显著,仿真信号和实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于DT-CWT自适应Teager能量谱的轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息难以识别以及带通滤波器参数设置依赖使用者经验等造成共振带不能有效确定并自适应提取的问题,提出了频带幅值熵的概念。在此基础上,将双树复小波变换和Teager能量谱结合,提出了基于双树复小波自适应Teager能量谱的早期故障诊断方法。首先,利用双树复小波将采集到的振动信号分解为不同频带的子信号,并计算各子带的频带幅值熵;然后,将熵值按升序排列后依次作为阈值,提取频带幅值熵大于阈值的子带,依据峭度指标确定最佳阈值,从而自适应并且有效地提取出共振带;最后,对共振带进行Teager能量谱分析,即可从中准确地识别出轴承的故障特征频率。通过信号仿真与实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

基于最优 IMF 分量和 K-SVD 的滚动轴承故障声音信号特征提取

针对滚动轴承声音信号中周期性冲击故障特征难提取的问题,提出了基于最优 IMF 分量与 K-SVD 字典学习相结合的轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,利用 VMD 分解原始信号获得一系列 IMF 分量;其次,利用 SAF 指标自适应选取最优 IMF 分量,并作为训练信号;最后,利用 K-SVD 字典学习方法训练出字典库,通过正交匹配追踪算法( OMP )对原始信号处理得到稀疏信号,并对稀疏信号进行包络谱分析。仿真及实验结果表明,对比传统 K-SVD 字典学习方法,该方法得到的稀疏信号信噪比( SNR )更高,能更准确地提取滚动轴承周期性冲击,增强了轴承故障特征。     

VMD的AR模型和关联维数在齿轮故障特征提取中的应用

针对齿轮故障信号的非线性及常伴有大量噪声干扰的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)的自回归(AR)模型和关联维数相结合的故障特征提取方法。该方法采用VMD将齿轮振动信号分解为一系列固有模态函数(IMF),通过频域互相关系数准则选取对信号特征敏感的IMF分量进行信号重构,对重构信号建立AR模型,并以AR模型自回归参数的关联维数作为特征量对齿轮的工作状态和故障类型进行识别。通过实测齿轮振动信号的分析,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

随机共振降噪下的齿轮微弱故障特征提取

针对强背景噪声下的齿轮微弱故障特征提取问题,提出了一种将级联单稳随机共振与经验模式分解(EMD)-Teager能量算子解调方法相结合的特征提取方法。首先对含噪故障信号进行随机共振输出,降噪后再进行经验模式分解,分解得到具有不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数(IMFs),最后通过Teager能量算子解调方法求取每个有效IMF分量的幅频信息,从而提取齿轮微弱故障特征。仿真分析和实际测试结果均表明,通过随机共振降噪后,该方法能有效检测出齿轮局部损伤故障特征频率。     

OEEMD与Teager能量算子结合的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承发生局部故障时振动信号中微弱周期性冲击的特征提取问题,提出参数优化集合经验模式分解(optimal ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称OEEMD)与Teager能量算子解调结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,针对集合经验模式分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)过程中两个关键参数k(加入白噪声的幅值系数)和m(集合平均次数)的准确选取问题,通过引入相关系数、相关均方根误差和信噪比分析,给出一种可自适应确定这两个参数取值的OEEMD方法,通过OEEMD将冲击从滚动轴承振动信号中分离出来;其次,采用Teager能量算子对其进行包络解调,计算出瞬时幅值后再对瞬时幅值进行包络谱分析,以获取冲击的特征频率,从而对滚动轴承故障进行准确诊断。仿真信号分析和应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用EMD将滚动轴承振动信号分解为多个IMF分量,计算各个IMF分量的信息熵,设定有效的熵阈值来取舍IMF分量,利用保留的IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征频率。对实测滚动轴承振动信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率。     

HYBRID WAVELET PACKET-TEAGER ENERGY OPERATOR ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION FOR GEARBOX FAULT DIAGNOSIS

Based on wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) algorithm and Teager energy operator (TEO), a novel gearbox fault detection and diagnosis method is proposed. Its process is expatiated after the principles of WPD and TEO modulation are introduced respectively. The preprocessed signal is interpolated with the cubic spline function, then expanded over the selected basis wavelets. Grouping its wavelet packet components of the signal based on the minimum entropy criterion, the interpolated signal can be decomposed into its dominant components with nearly distinct fault frequency contents. To extract the demodulation information of each dominant component, TEO is used. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by means of several tests on vibration signals collected from the gearbox mounted on a heavy truck. It is proved that hybrid WPD-TEO method is effective and robust for detecting and diagnosing localized gearbox faults.     

基于LMD和平滑Teager能量算子解调的电机滚动轴承故障特征提取

作为电机转子的支撑元件,电机轴承故障在电机故障中占有很大比例。针对电机滚动轴承振动信号多分量调幅调频的特点,提出一种基于局域均值分解(LMD)和平滑Teager能量算子的电机轴承故障特征提取方法。该方法首先通过LMD将多分量调制信号分解为若干个单分量调制信号,再运用平滑Teager能量算子对包含主要故障信息的分量进行解调,从而准确地分析出轴承的故障特征。模拟和实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于EMD的轴承故障包络谱分析

首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解;然后对分解后包含故障特征信息的本征模函数做Hilbert包络谱分析,在得到的包络谱中,清晰显示出故障特征信号的包络谱.试验结果表明,通过联合经验模态分解和Hilbert包络谱分析,能有效地提取出滚动轴承信号的故障信息,进而判定出轴承的损伤部位.     

Compound fault diagnosis of bearings using improved fast spectral kurtosis with VMD

The fast spectrum kurtosis (FSK) algorithm can adaptively identify resonance bands of a signal, and fault characteristics can be extracted by analyzing the selected frequency bands. However, in practical applications, the bearing failure may be composed of various faults (inner ring/outer ring/rolling element) and the faults may be located in different resonant bands. Due to the interference between different fault components and noise, the weak components may be submerged when FSK is used to deal with compound fault signals. To improve the accuracy of an FSK processing compound fault located in different resonance bands, an improved FSK method combined with the variational mode decomposition (VMD) is proposed. First, the parameters (number of components K / penalty factor α ) in the VMD decomposition are selected, and the original compound fault signal is preprocessed by VMD decomposition, so that the original signal is decomposed into K variational intrinsic mode function (VIMF) components. The resonance center bands of these signals are different from each other, so the different fault information is located in different VIMF. Finally, each VIMF component is calculated by FSK. Through the simulated and experimental analysis, the method can accurately identify the resonance bands, and identify the weak fault characteristics of compound bearing fault.     

基于经验模态分解和Teager峭度的语音端点检测

采用经验模态分解和Teager峭度的统计特性对噪声环境下的语音信号端点进行检测。利用经验模态分解获得语音信号的本征模态函数,用Teager能量算子计算每个本征模态函数的瞬时能量,并对本征模态函数进行系数—峭度计算,提取信号期望的统计特征信息实现语音端点的检测。通过自适应EMD分解和Teager能量算子的处理,这种方法可以有效地消除白噪声或有色高斯噪声的影响。通过仿真例子说明这种方法可以取得良好的端点检测效果,仿真研究结果表明用经验模态分解和Teager峭度对噪声环境下的语音端点检测是可行的和有效的,提高了检测的可靠性。