含缺口结构压疲劳失效研究

结构的疲劳失效与内部的应力水平有着紧密的联系。这里阐述了压应力作用下结构内部裂纹的萌生和扩展机理，并介绍了循环压应力下的裂纹扩展计算方程，结合现代疲劳研究方法的新成果新方法对压应力条件下疲劳破坏研究的未来提出展望。     

热致动硅微夹钳实验研究

利用集成的多晶硅电热微致动器,在可控电压下实现了对薄膜型硅微夹钳夹持动作的在线操作.电热微致动器所需要的工作电压低、输出力大、响应时间长,适用于硅微夹钳夹持动作的缓冲及精确控制.根据所建电热微致动器理论模型,通过分别测试微致动器在空载和驱动工况下的输出位移大小,提出了一种通过公式换算间接确定硅微夹钳驱动力的方法.实验结果表明,电热致动器驱动的硅微夹钳具有很好的电压可控性,最高工作电压可达25V.硅微夹钳的开合位移依热致动器的规格不同在0.7～4μm之间.     

低于材料持久极限的应力循环对构件疲劳失效的影响

低于材料持久极限的应力循环对构件疲劳失效的影响杭州电子工业学院程帆一、前言疲劳损伤为构件交变应力下的主要失效形式。目前．对变幅交变应力作用下引起的构件疲劳失效的寿命估算．多采用。疲劳损伤线性累积理论”．其数学表达式一般写为：当上式成立时，构件疲劳失效...     

重型卡车散热器失效分析及优化研究

针对重型卡车铝塑管带式散热器泄漏失效问题,根据疲劳失效机理分析,优化设计塑料水室、主板、散热管、侧板等散热器核心零件。利用有限元仿真进行耐压分析和热-结构耦合分析。仿真结果表明：在压力交变载荷和温度交变载荷作用下,散热器各组成零件的最大变形量和最大应力值分布点与实际失效区域吻合,验证了有限元模型和仿真分析的准确性,对比材料疲劳寿命曲线,优化后散热器的应变、应力值小于设计安全值。对散热器样件进行压力脉冲试验和冷热循环试验,结果满足主机厂设计要求。     

Fecralloy基体热障涂层TGO热生长应力的理论计算和数值模拟

热生长氧化物(TGO)的生长应力是导致热障涂层系统(TBCs)失效的关键因素。通过建立Fecralloy金属矩形薄板模型,研究在不含初始缺陷的热障涂层系统中TGO氧化生长机理,分析该模型在高温热循环过程中的应力与应变,并在涂层经历热循环后代入相应的材料参数得到TGO热生长应力的理论结果;通过有限元软件ABAQUS模拟模型热循环过程,获得了TGO热生长应力的数值模拟结果;将数值模拟结果与理论计算值进行比较。结果表明,理论计算结果与模拟结果具有很好的吻合性,证明了理论分析方法的正确性,为以后热障涂层系统的失效分析以及疲劳寿命的预测提供了参考。     

循环载荷下热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子

为揭示循环温度载荷对热疲劳裂纹应力强度因子的影响规律,考虑材料的多线性塑性随动强化性质,用有限元法计算多种循环载荷作用下裂尖点的应力-应变和热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子。该应力强度因子值由裂尖附近压缩塑性应变的累积量决定。压缩塑性应变对温度载荷的作用次序敏感,因此应力强度因子也受到温度载荷的作用次序的影响。恒温度幅循环条件下,如果不考虑裂纹扩展,热疲劳裂纹的应力强度因子不随循环次数变化。变温度幅循环条件下,低温循环不会影响其后的高温循环应力强度因子;高温循环却影响其后的低温循环应力强度因子,并使得低温循环的应力强度因子与高温循环的应力强度因子相同,因此突发的高温载荷严重威胁高温构件的寿命。热疲劳裂纹扩展试验证明了有限元计算结果的正确性。     

连铸中间罐盖热疲劳失效有限元分析

热效应引起的高温表面断裂是一个重要工程问题。由于热循环造成的热龟裂、表层剥落及热脆断是高温钢液存储罐盖、热轧辊、压铸模等工件的主要失效形式,热疲劳损伤裂纹主要是热应力与冲击热应力共同作用的结果。根据有限元技术和传热学理论,以高温钢液中间存储罐在热疲劳条件下其罐盖失效的物理解剖描述为基础,对实际罐盖的温度场、应力场进行ANSYS有限元计算,进而得出罐盖的瞬态温度场和热应力场的计算结果,并确定罐盖危险点。同时对罐盖热疲劳损伤及断裂产生的原因进行进一步的分析。分析结果再现罐盖部件所受的温度、应力、应变及失效的全过程,证明有限元分析模型和求解条件的正确性,从而提出一种实际部件热疲劳失效的有限元法,认为罐盖热疲劳抗力的改善主要取决于罐盖结构与使用的材料。该问题的深入研究,为后续罐盖材料与结构优化提供理论基础,对在高温和热冲击条件下工作设备热疲劳损伤问题、寿命预测及其控制具有重要参考价值。     

两阶段疲劳损伤等效方法与概率疲劳失效判据

针对长寿命、高可靠零部件的概率疲劳寿命预测,应用三参数威布尔分布描述疲劳寿命概率分布,研究不同水平的应力循环数之间的损伤等效关系,提出两阶段应力循环等效方法,建立疲劳损伤等效/失效概率等效循环数模型。对于小于寿命分布位置参数的应力循环数,根据应力与寿命分布位置参数之间的关系转换不同应力水平下的损伤等效循环数;对于大于寿命分布位置参数的循环数,根据疲劳失效概率等效转换不同循环应力水平下的等效循环次数。应用这样的方法及模型进行变幅应力历程下的疲劳失效概率计算或概率疲劳寿命预测,能够很好地处理寿命随机变量的最小可能值远大于零的工程实际问题,同时也保证了在转换不同水平应力循环数过程中的失效概率等效。     

7075铝合金缸体的失效分析

对在工作中发生断裂的7075铝合金缸体进行了化学成分分析、室温拉伸试验和断口形貌分析,以找到其失效的原因,给出相应的改进措施。结果表明:镁元素含量低于标准导致合金力学性能降低是该铝合金缸体失效的主要原因;阳极氧化膜上的微孔在循环应力作用下沿着机加工痕迹扩展形成疲劳源;随着应力循环的加剧,裂纹快速扩展,最终使缸体发生疲劳断裂。     

某型发动机涡轮盘温度及应力计算分析

低循环疲劳是导致航空发动机涡轮盘失效的主要因素之一。以某型发动机的涡轮盘为研究对象,建立该涡轮盘的有限元模型并对其在最大工作状态下的温度和应力进行了分析计算,确定了涡轮盘热弹性应力和径向应力最大的1/4辐板处为低循环疲劳试验的考核部位,其工作温度为试验温度,为后续的低循环疲劳试验奠定了基础。     

Thermo-mechanical coupled in situ fatigue device driven by piezoelectric actuator

This paper focuses on the design of a thermo-mechanical coupled in situ fatigue device driven by piezoelectric actuator. The structural resonances, transient response, grip design and thermal insulation performance of the device are discussed in detail. Micro-indentations are prepared on the specimen’s surface as embedded defects, and the deformation behaviors of the indentation subjected to cyclic strain under temperature of 530 °C are investigated. Quantitative effects of the cross-sectional area of indentation, alternating displacement amplitude and temperature on the fatigue life of copper/aluminum composite specimens are obtained, respectively. The experimental results could serve as proofs to verify the feasibility of the proposed device. This paper shows a modular example that combines piezoelectric actuator and ceramic heating components to realize thermo-mechanical coupled in situ fatigue testing.     

The effect of variable amplitude loading on stress distribution within a cylindrical contact subjected to fretting fatigue

A finite element model of a cylindrical Hertzian contact on a test sample subjected to alternating shear loading has been developed. The model has been used to investigate shear stress distributions at the contact during variable amplitude fretting fatigue for a load configuration in which the sample cyclic stress is applied in phase with shear force on the cylindrical contact. It has been found that during constant amplitude cyclic loading, shear stress distributions and positions of the stick-slip boundary at load maxima and minima remain fixed. Application of overloads changes the stress distribution and the position of the stick-slip boundary attained by loading of subsequent cycles. The largest cycle maximum stress determines the position of the stick-slip boundary adopted by subsequent smaller amplitude cycles. In general variable amplitude fretting fatigue the position of the stick-slip boundary will be changing with each load cycle. Hence fatigue initiation processes will occur at locations dispersed over an extended region over the contact. The implications of this behaviour for models for fretting fatigue life calculation are explored.     

高频谐振载荷作用下Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端力学参数变化规律

为研究高频谐振式疲劳裂纹扩展试验中带有Ⅰ型预制裂纹的紧凑拉伸(CT)试件裂纹尖端力学参数的变化规律,利用动态有限元方法,采用ANSYS和MATLAB软件编写程序,计算了CT试件在高频恒幅正弦交变载荷作用下,在一个应力循环及裂纹扩展到不同长度时裂纹尖端区域的位移、应变场及裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,并分析了其变化规律。在计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子时,首先采用静态有限元方法和理论公式验证了有限元建模和计算的正确性,然后采用动态有限元方法研究了裂纹扩展过程中裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化规律。最后进行了高频谐振式疲劳裂纹扩展试验,采用动态高精度应变仪测量了裂纹扩展到不同阶段时裂纹尖端点的应变,并对有限元计算结果进行了验证。研究结果表明：在稳态裂纹扩展阶段,高频谐振载荷作用下Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端位移、应变及应力强度因子均为与载荷同一形式的交变量;随着裂纹的扩展,Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹尖端的位移、应变及应力强度因子幅不断增大;静态应力强度因子有限元计算值和理论值的误差为2.51%,裂纹尖端点应变有限元计算结果和试验结果最大误差为2.93% 。     

Some considerations about fatigue failure in milled butt-welded joints affected by residual stress

Many factors are involved in determining the fatigue strength of welded joints. It is, however, very difficult to consider their relative importance. The aim of this paper is to isolate the effect of residual stress from other factors, establishing a relation between the amount of residual stress and fatigue life. A geometrical notch due to the weld bead is removed by milling the upper surface of the welded plates. Moreover, specimens are subjected to four-point bend loading. Before conducting the fatigue test, the magnitude of residual stress for each specimen is experimentally evaluated, and then linked to the number of cycles to failure. This relation is analyzed for three different plate thicknesses and for different stress amplitude levels in the high cycle regime. The results clearly show the significant influence of residual stress on fatigue behaviours when the load level is near the fatigue limit.     

Fretting fatigue in elastic contacts due to tangential micro-motion

Stress analysis of two elastic bodies in contact, when one of them is subjected to an alternating stress, was carried out in this study. Surface and effective stresses for different values of applied alternating stress were determined within the area of contact. Critical zones where fretting fatigue cracks may initiate were found at the edge of contact where stresses reach a maximum. Displacement distribution due to various types of stresses was determined and was found to increase with increasing the applied alternating stress and the distance from the centre of contact. An expression to predict fatigue failure under fretting conditions was proposed. This expression includes most parameters which contribute to failure, such as: contact pressure, applied stresses, friction coefficient, displacement amplitude and elastic properties of both contacting materials. Initial predictions of the suggested expression provide good correlation with test results, and the expression could thus be adopted as an analytical tool for predicting strength under fretting conditions.     

估算谱载荷下疲劳寿命的累积破坏率法

提出一种新的估算谱载下疲劳寿命的方法,累积破坏率法。该广阔城对等幅度寿命统计分析的基础上,推导出任意应下下对数疲劳寿命的概率密度函数,从而利用累积破坏概率估算谱载下构件的疲劳寿命。本文利用１６Ｍｎ与车轮铸钢对该方法进行了验证,结果表明累积破坏概率法能较为准确地进行变幅疲劳寿命的可靠必骨较好的工程应用价值。     

超高压管式反应器端部结构应力场的数值模拟

基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,对发生疲劳断裂的超高压管式反应器的端部结构进行数值模拟,分析了其在过盈套合、自增强处理以及服役期间开停工循环载荷三种工况下的局部应力场.结果表明:三种工况下,端部结构在过盈套合边缘局部范围内均存在较高的轴向拉应力,且大于环向应力;局部轴向应力随套合过盈量和自增强压力的增加而增大;半径过盈量为0.05 mm时,开停工循环载荷下的局部轴向平均应力最大值可达86.71 MPa,轴向交变应力幅值最大值达到62.2 MPa,裂纹垂直于轴向扩展的推动力较大.模拟分析结果对端部结构失效破坏原因的分析及其设计改进有一定的指导意义.     

风力机叶片原生缺陷转捩的能量释放机理研究

针对风力机叶片原生缺陷演化为裂纹进而扩展导致断裂的问题,分析细观缺陷在外载荷作用下转捩为宏观裂纹的能量释放定量关系明晰裂纹萌生机理。首先根据风力机叶片的载荷特点构造一个新的应力函数,基于正交异性复合材料基本公式求解原生缺陷层间开裂的应力强度因子、应力应变和位移分量,由此获得细观缺陷变形过程释放的塑性应变能;使用红外热像仪采集原生缺陷转捩过程的温度场并计算热能耗散量,基于不可逆热力学定律获得内储能随着疲劳周期的变化规律;最后,在万能试验机上对含有气泡和纤维断裂的叶片试件进行疲劳试验。结果表明,应用提出的应力函数的计算结果与试验结果误差较小,可作为细观缺陷变形时塑性应变能的计算依据。原生缺陷转捩为微小裂纹时,内储能的变化规律可作为判断缺陷类型和程度的依据。这项研究探索复合多层材料跨尺度的疲劳能量理论,有助于实现风电机组关键部件的全寿命周期监测。     

Large-eddy simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in a mixing tee junction

The temperature fluctuation caused by thermal striping phenomena of hot and cold fluids mixing results in cyclical thermal stress fatigue failure of the pipe wall. Mean temperature difference between hot and cold fluids was often used as thermal load in previous analysis of thermal fatigue failure, thereby the influences of the amplitude and frequency of temperature fluctuation on thermal fatigue failure were neglected. Based on the mechanism of flow and heat transfer which induces thermal fatigue, the turbulent mixing of hot and cold water in a tee junction is simulated with FLUENT platform by using the Large-eddy simulation(LES) turbulent flow model with the sub-grid scale(SGS) model of Smagorinsky-Lilly(SL) to capture the amplitude and frequency of temperature fluctuation. In a simulation case, hot water with temperature of 343.48 K and velocity of 0.15 m/s enters the horizontal main duct with the side length of 100 mm, while cold water with temperature of 296.78 K and velocity of 0.3 m/s enters the vertical branch duct with the side length of 50 mm. The numerical results show that the mean and fluctuating temperatures are in good agreement with the previous experimental data, which describes numerical simulation with high reliability and accuracy; the power spectrum density(PSD) on top wall is higher than that on bottom wall(as the frequency less than 1 Hz), while the PSD on bottom wall is relatively higher than that on top wall (as the frequency of 1-10Hz). The temperature fluctuations in full mixing region of the tee junction can be accurately captured by LES and can provide the theoretical basis for the thermal stress and thermal fatigue analyses.     

高功率电源模块封装的热应力分析

针对常用高功率电源模块的封装形式和热载荷分布,通过有限元方法先得到模块封装内部的温度场分布形式;然后,根据温度场的分布结果计算出模块内部热应力场的分布状态。由对温度场和热应力的分析,可得到高功率电源模块因热应力循环所产生的疲劳失效结果。仿真结果与分析对优化电源模块封装技术、提高模块的使用寿命,具有一定的指导意义。