高落差水泵水轮机引水和导水机构设计

高落差水泵水轮机的引水和导水机构的水力损失较大,其数量级几乎可与转轮中的水力损失相比较,因此,合理设计高落差水泵水轮机的引水、导水机构尤为重要.本研究旨在计算水轮机蜗壳各断面的参数,设计出可逆式水轮机的蜗壳单线图,进而设计出高效率的导水机构     

模型可逆式水泵水轮机S区压力脉动测试

S区特性是影响可逆式水泵水轮机过渡过程工况运行稳定的重要影响因素,通过研究模型水泵水轮机S区压力脉动可以为准确预测真机过渡过程工况下的特性奠定基础,为设计和运行提供有效指导。本文在某模型水泵水轮机特性试验的基础上,对S区包括蜗壳进口、无叶区、尾水锥管和尾水肘管等测点的压力脉动进行了测试,获得了各测点压力脉动混频幅值的分布与频率成分变化情况。测试结果表明:在等开度线上,飞逸工况时各测点的压力脉动混频幅值达到最大;同一工况点,无叶区压力脉动大于蜗壳进口压力脉动;沿流道方向,无叶区、锥管0.4D2、锥管1.0D2和肘管压力脉动依次减小;S区部分工况点存在主频为0.63fR的旋转失速频率;0.18fR频率成分广泛分布于S区内各工况点和测点中,引起这方面的原因可能是尾水管中的低频涡带、低频振荡或装置固有频率。     

双蜗壳式双吸离心泵流动特性的数值研究

为了研究双蜗壳式双吸离心泵内部的流动特性,采用雷诺时均方法和SSTk-ω湍流模型,对双蜗壳式双吸泵进行了不同工况下三维湍流数值模拟。将性能预测的结果与试验数据进行比较,证明了计算方法的可行性。重点分析了叶轮和双蜗壳内的速度和压力分布,计算结果表明双蜗壳可有效降低水泵运行作用在叶轮上的径向力,增强转子的运行稳定性。但是,在双蜗壳隔板外侧的流动区域内也发现了不同于普通蜗壳的回流区,使得压水室出口附近区域流动特性变差,这有待于今后通过水力设计优化对双蜗壳结构进行改进。     

预开导叶下水泵水轮机S特性及其压力脉动分析

可逆式水泵水轮机兼具了发电以及储能的特点既满足人们环保意识的需求也满足对功率的平衡与控制。但水泵水轮机在S特性区内运行会发生机组并网困难或者甩负荷过程中水压异常上升,使机组振动加剧。为探究预开启导叶的方法对水泵水轮机S特性的改善,对水泵水轮机模型分别在同步导叶和不同预开启导叶条件下进行能量试验及全流道内流场的(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值计算;通过试验数据与计算结果的对比分析预开导叶后水泵水轮机S特性及其压力脉动特征。CFD计算结果及模型试验数据表明,预开导叶的方法能有效解决水泵水轮机S特性问题,但是预开导叶后,飞逸工况下的单位流量变大,造成转轮内的流动轴对称特性较差,导致机组的脉动加大,尾水管压力脉动幅值较大,运行稳定性较差,所以通过预开导叶的方法来改善S特性仍然存在弊端。     

水轮机模式液力透平叶片进口安放角影响分析

针对转轮叶片进口安放角β1对超低比转速水轮机模式液力透平性能影响规律认识不足的问题,在超低比转速范围内,考虑液力透平水力性能,取不同β1建立超低比转速混流式转轮三维模型,配合过流部件构建超低比转速水轮机模式二级液力透平模型,采用ANSYS FLUENT仿真软件对液力透平内部流动特性和能量特性进行计算,对比数值模拟结果,探求β1对超低比转速水轮机模式液力透平性能影响规律。研究表明,超低比转速水轮机模式液力透平的扬程和效率与β1有密切关系,当β1增大时,扬程增高,效率降低;随着β1增大,转轮叶片弯曲程度增大,导致叶片高压区面积增大、转轮内部流体流态变差。     

冷却塔专用水轮机的数值模拟与性能研究

以冷却塔内额定流量为0.833 m³/s的双级贯流式水轮机为研究对象,基于ANSYS-Workbench操作平台对其进行单向流固耦合分析。采用三维建模软件UG,建立水轮机模型。使用商业CFD软件Fluent,对全流道模型进行三维定常湍流数值模拟,分析了内部流场及各部件的水力损失,得到了转轮叶片上准确的水压力分布。将流场计算结果应用到结构场中,使用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对转轮设计工况下的刚强度进行了计算,得到了转轮的静应力分布和变形情况。     

利用水泵逆转及水轮机回收能量的研究

本文以试验结果为依据,从水力和经济效益等方面分析比较了逆转的水泵和水轮机作能量回收透平时的合理性。并且以可逆式水泵水轮机为例,介绍了使用水轮机回收能量时的设计特点。最后给出了可供石油化工工业进行能量回收装置选型设计的诺模图。     

混流式水轮机定常流动分析

通过混流式水轮机全流道的定常流动数值模拟,研究混流式水轮机内部尤其是尾水管在不同工况下的流动特点,目的在于探明引起混流式水轮机内部流动不稳定的真正原因.计算结果表明,引水部件的流动,蜗壳鼻端处压力波动均较为剧烈,周向分布不均匀,但是经过固定导叶和活动导叶的过滤后周向分布基本对称.转动部分的流动,小开度低单位转速时,较小的导叶出流角,使转轮叶片头部受到撞击,叶片上横向流动和背面的叶道涡严重,转轮出口靠上冠处有回流和横向流动,泄水锥下方回流严重;大开度时,转轮进出口流态都得到改善.尾水管内,小开度时,锥管中心回流严重,大部分水流流向外缘,受肘管的影响,锥管和肘管内部形成两个涡流区,主流流经支墩左侧,右侧较为紊乱;最优开度时,尾水管内部水流流线顺畅,支墩两侧水流平稳性基本一致:大开度时,尾水管主流向锥管中心聚拢,经过肘管的转弯时,出现很多局部的旋涡流动,支墩右侧水流相对平稳,而左侧较为紊乱.研究结果为压力脉动测量位置的选择提供理论依据.     

变转速工况下汽车冷却水泵内外特性变化规律

以某汽车冷却水泵为研究对象,通过定常流场模拟和试验得到多转速工况下的外特性曲线,二者有较好的一致性:扬程随转速均匀变大,高效区增宽并向大流量区偏移。通过非定常流场模拟获得了不同转速下流道内流线、径向速度和压力脉动等分布特性,并对比分析了蜗壳和叶轮所受轴向力和径向力的变化趋势。结果表明:流体速度值、压力脉动幅值以及受力等随转速有较大变化,说明该泵长期远离高效区运行,存在较大的运行稳定性隐患和节能优化空间。     

隔舌形状对离心泵水力性能的影响

为了探讨蜗壳隔舌形状对离心泵水力性能的影响,本文以一台中比转速离心泵为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法得到离心泵定常时的内外特性以及非定常时的压力脉动特性。研究结果表明,隔舌安放角在大流量下对离心泵的外特性影响较大,小流量及设计工况下影响较小,在设计工况下存在一个最佳的隔舌安放角使其效率最佳。随着隔舌安放角的增大,离心泵的蜗壳隔舌和出口处的压力增大,湍动能分布更为均匀,靠近隔舌处的高速区面积增加,同时蜗壳出口处的低速区范围加宽。非定常情况下的压力脉动呈周期性变化,且压力脉动随隔舌安放角的增加而减小,当隔舌安放角越大时变化的差异越小,说明适当增大隔舌安放角有助于改善离心泵的内部流动情况以及减小离心泵的压力脉动,提高其水力性能。     

抽水蓄能电站可逆机组关闭规律研究

评述了目前抽水蓄能可逆机组常用的分段折线关闭规律；针对可逆机组独特的过流特性，设计了具有延时段的三段折线关闭规律，在减少总关闭时间的同时，有效的降低了抽水蓄能可逆机组由于导叶关闭与机组转速上升联合作用引起的水锤压力；介绍了考虑转速信号反馈的可逆机组导叶关机规律；为抽水蓄能可逆机组的事故紧急关机规律的设计提供了一种新思路。     

Influence of Cross-Sectional Flow Area of Annular Volute Casing on Transient Characteristics of Ceramic Centrifugal Pump

The annular volute is typically used in a slurry pump to reduce the collisions between solid particles and the volute tongue and to achieve a better resistance to blocking. However, only limited studies regarding annular volutes are available, and there is no systematic design method for annular volutes. In this study, the influence of volute casing cross-sectional flow area on the hydraulic loss, pressure pulsations, and radial force under varying working conditions in a centrifugal ceramic pump are discussed in detail. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the numerical results. The results indicated that, when the volute casing flow area increases, the hydraulic performance decreases marginally under the rated working conditions, but increases at the o-design points, specifically under large flow condition. However, the volute casing with a larger flow area has a wider high-e ciency region. In addition, the increase in the volute casing flow area will decrease the pressure pulsations in the volute, regardless of the working condition, and decrease the radial force on the shaft, therefore, providing an improved pump operational stability. It is anticipated that this study will be of benefit during the design of annular volutes.     

Research on ball valve and misaligned guide vane devices to improve the “S” characteristics of a pump turbine

“S”characteristics of a pump turbine may result in certain problems, such as excessive water hammer pressure, unstable no-load operation, and difficulty in synchronization. Accordingly, a new start-up strategy based on the partial opening of a ball valve is proposed, and the calculation model of the hydraulic transition process with misaligned guide vane devices (MGV) and a ball valve is established. The emergency shutdown and turbine start-up conditions are simulated and analyzed. The ball valve can more effectively reduce the maximum inlet pressure of the volute and increase the minimum inlet pressure of the draft tube during the shutdown process compared with the MGV devices. The newly proposed strategy can also effectively reduce the amplitude of pressure fluctuation at the volute and draft tube, shorten the synchronization time, and reduce the speed overshoot during the start-up process. The ball valve can effectively improve the operating quality of the unit in the S-shaped area.

     

Three-dimensional flow simulation of transient power interruption process of a prototype pump-turbine at pump mode

The transient power failure process of a prototype pump-turbine was studied numerically by three-dimensional (3-D) simulations. Fluid coupling and dynamic mesh (DM) method were used to calculate the rotational speed of the runner. Simulations were performed based on turbulence model. Specific transient characteristics, such as the flow rate, head, rotational speed, were analyzed. The pumpturbine had a minimum head and a maximum axial force when the flow rate was 0 during the transient process. Pressure fluctuations increased when the pump-turbine ran at pump braking mode. Reverse flow in the casing as well as stall phenomenon in the runner had a great effect on the change of head. Pressure in the runner was greatly reduced when the pump-turbine ran at pump braking mode. The computational method could be used to interpret the abnormal phenomenon by the analysis of flow mechanism during a transient process.     

叶片包角对可逆式泵性能影响的数值研究

为了有效利用能源,将泵在透平工况下运行回收高压液体能量,是节能技术的研究方向之一。叶片包角是可逆式泵设计时的主要参数之一。以比转速72的离心泵为研究对象,分别对不同叶片包角的叶轮进行了泵和透平工况的全流场数值研究。研究结果表明:对于可逆式泵,存在最佳叶片包角使泵的效率最高。随着叶片包角的增大,泵工况下的流量扬程曲线更加陡峭,轴功率逐渐减小;透平工况下的扬程、轴功率逐渐增加,流量扬程,流量轴功率特性曲线越来越陡峭。流场分析结果表明,叶片包角的增加,有效的改善了叶轮内部流场分布,使泵内部的流场分布更加均匀,研究结果对于可逆式泵的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Numerical simulation of pressure fluctuations in a large Francis turbine runner

The pressure fluctuation caused by unsteady flow in runner is one of the main reasons of vibration for a large Francis hydraulic turbine. It directly affects the steady operation of the hydraulic turbine unit. The existing research of the pressure fluctuation in hydraulic turbine mainly focuses on the unsteady flow in draft tube. Accurate distribution of pressure fluctuations inside a runner is not very clear. In this paper, the numerical method for predicting the pressure fluctuations in runner is investigated and the numerical simulation is performed for a large Francis hydraulic turbine. It is proved that the combination of shear-stress transport(SST) k-w turbulence model and pressure-implicit with splitting of operators(PISO) algorithm could give more reliable prediction of pressure fluctuations in runner. The frequencies of pressure fluctuations in runner are affected by the flow in guide vane and the flow in draft tube. The first dominant frequency is significantly determined by the flow in draft tube, especially at part load condition. This frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the runner rotating frequency. The evident second dominant frequency is exactly equal to the guide vane passing frequency. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of pressure fluctuations in runner at small guide vane open angle are larger than that at large open angle at the same operating head. The amplitudes at points on blade pressure surface are generally greater than that on suction surface. The research results could be used to direct the hydraulic design and operation stability improvement of a large Francis hydraulic turbine.     

随钻测井用井下发电机系统的涡轮设计

对随钻测井系统中井下涡轮发电机的关键部件进行了研究.首先,建立了一种水力性能较高的涡轮模型;然后,基于计算流体力学(CFD)理论,采用Fluent软件对不同叶片参数的涡轮模型进行了紊流流场研究,并分析了流量、转速对涡轮流场的影响;最后,通过涡轮发电机地面单向水利实验验证了流量、转速、负载与涡轮发电机输出电压的关系.仿真结果表明:15叶片、叶片进口角30°以上、出口角45°以下、中弧线圆弧半径40mm以内对应的涡轮模型水力性能较好,但水力效率过高也会降低涡轮的工作寿命,因此,在一定范围内增大流量、转速对提高涡轮水力效率具有积极影响.所建立的涡轮模型能够提高涡轮的输出功率并保证其工作寿命.     

Entropy production analysis for hump characteristics of a pump turbine model

The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.     

Hydraulic design and performance analysis on a small pump-turbine system for ocean renewable energy storage system

Korea has a myriad of islands in the south western coast that extensively rely on diesel generators for power production, which increase cost and environment pollution. The small hydro pump-turbine system for ocean renewable energy storage system is a kind of hybrid system that can reduce the usage of diesel generators and help to contribute to the environment in a positive manner by helping to reduce carbon emissions. The study focuses on initial hydraulic design and numerical analysis of a 30 kW-class pump-turbine system for energy independent islands in South Korea. The purpose of the study is to propose an ocean renewable energy storage system using a small pump-turbine system working with seawater. A 30 kW-class pump-turbine does not require a large head; approximately 30 m is sufficient for the design and application. Several other renewable energy systems like wind turbines, tidal turbines, wave energy converters and solar energy could be used to make a hybrid system with pump-turbine. The initial design achieved more than 85 % efficiency in both pump and turbine modes. However, further optimizations of the impeller blade shape and number of guide vane and stay vanes could improve the overall efficiency of the system.     

The effect of runner blade loading on the performance and internal flow of a Francis hydro turbine model

As a core component of a hydropower station, hydro turbines play a vital role in the integration of a power station. Research on the technology of hydro turbine is continuously increasing with the development of water electricity. It is effective and successful to design a Francis turbine runner blade with good performance by one-dimensional hydraulic design method. For the one-dimensional hydraulic design, the runner blade angle at leading and trailing edges can be defined by calculation of Euler’s head. Design of the runner blade profile at several cross sections is needed to design a runner shape. In this study, there are three different blade loadings conducted to compare the internal flow characteristics and performance. The result shows that the front loading achieves the best efficiency in comparison to other loadings, which is good at suppressing the loss at draft tube.