平面应力裂纹尖端复合型弹塑性变形场和约束场的有限元分析

应用有限元方法分析了不同Ⅰ＋Ⅱ复合型下裂纹尖端的为形场和约束场，结果表明，平面应力条件下复合型裂端变形是不对称的相反塑性变形，符合钝化一锐化模型。Ⅰ＋Ⅱ复合加载时裂端出现负约束的区域。随Ⅱ型分量增加，负约束区域增在最大正约束水平Ｒσｍａｘ降低。     

Ⅰ—Ⅱ复合型裂纹断裂机理与断裂准则的研究

本文采用四点弯曲试件考察了常用韧性材料16MnR钢中Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的断裂机理。实验测定了裂纹扩展方向和裂纹尖端位移参量的启裂值；与此同时，采用有限元程序计算了试件中复合型裂纹尖端邻域的应力、应变场，分析了各种控制空洞成核的力学参量的几何分布曲线，结合实验研究和有限元分析表明，Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂存在两种不同的断裂机理，它们的发生取决于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型载荷比的大小，当Ⅱ型载荷分量小于一临界值时、断裂为张开型．裂纹扩展方向与本文的бm峰值线准则一致；而当Ⅱ型载荷分量大于此临界值时，断裂表现为不稳定的剪切型断裂。     

I－Ⅱ复合型裂尖区晶粒变形的金相观测

采用金相观察和图形分析相结合的方法研究裂尖区域的晶粒变形，可以对试件内部断裂过程区受载后的塑性变形进行直接的定量测试，从而为分析复合型裂纹的破坏机理和断裂过程提供实验依据。本文研究表明，I-Ⅱ复合型裂尖延伸区的破坏以空穴机理为主导，较低的塑性变形即可引起韧窝型起裂；锐化尖角区可以承受很大的累积塑性变形，是集中剪切型断裂的起点。研究结果还表明，拉抻试件的等效塑性变形远低于I-Ⅱ复合型裂纹锐化尖角区的变形，用拉伸试件得到的应力应变曲线不能满足分析复合型裂纹尖端应力应变的需要。     

Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂尖区晶粒变形的金相观测

采用金相观察和图形分析相结合的方法研究裂尖区域的晶粒变形,可以对试件内部断裂过程区受载后的塑性变形进行直接的定量测试,从而为分析复合型裂纹的破坏机理和断裂过程提供实验依据.本文研究表明,Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂尖延伸区的破坏以空穴机理为主导,较低的塑性变形即可引起韧窝型起裂;锐化尖角区可以承受很大的累积塑性变形,是集中剪切型断裂的起点.研究结果还表明,拉伸试件的等效塑性变形远低于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹锐化尖角区的变形,用拉伸试件得到的应力应变曲线不能满足分析复合型裂纹尖端应力应变的需要.     

Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹开裂角准则的评价

目前对Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹开裂角的研究已有许多种不同的判定准则。文中将各种不同的判定准则与实验结果进行分析比较发现,李中华等根据钝裂纹尖端应力场解,将控制断裂的物理量最大切向应力σθmax定义在裂纹尖端裂纹面上,获得一个新的复合型裂纹断裂准则,该准则不但物理意义明确、表达简捷,而且较其他准则更符合可收集到的实验数据。从而得到工程中比较简单实用的断裂准则。     

三轴应力状态下复合型裂纹尖端前缘的塑性区分布

利用Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则从理论上分析了Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端前缘的塑性区分布。推导出了由三轴应力约束参数Ｔｚ参与表征的裂纹尖端前缘塑性区尺寸ｒｐ的表达式，并绘制出了Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型裂纹在单轴、双轴载荷作用下裂纹尖端塑性区的分布图。     

Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型复合型弹塑性断口形貌的分形分析

应用二次电子扫描线法研究了不同Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型复合比下铝合金ＬＹ１２的断口形貌及分形维数，讨论了分形维教与复合比及复合断裂韧度ＪＭＣ的关系。结果表明，①随Ⅱ型分量的增加，裂纹启裂断口形貌逐渐由纯Ⅰ型的等轴韧窝形貌向纯Ⅱ型的物状窝形貌过渡。①复合经ＫⅠ／ＫⅡ与分形维数成反比。③ＬＹ１２合复合比下启裂韧度ＪＭＣ和分形维数满足线性关系。     

LY12CZ铝合金中Ⅱ型裂纹疲劳扩展

对ＬＹ１２ＣＺ铝合金材料中Ⅱ型裂纹的疲劳扩展规律进行了研究。结果表明，Ⅱ型裂纹在ＬＹ１２ＣＺ材料中发生了稳定扩展。文中分析了Ⅱ型裂纹疲劳扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ与应力强度因子幅△КⅡ之间的相关性。得到了它们之间的关系式，二者可以用类似Ⅰ型裂纹的Ｐａｒｉｓ公式来描述。比较子该种材料中Ⅱ型裂纹的扩展速率与Ⅰ型裂纹扩展速率的关系式，在相同的应力强度因子幅值下（ｄａ／ｄＮ）Ⅱ远大于（ｄａ／ｄＮ）Ⅰ。对断口进行了     

用于高韧性材料Ⅰ—Ⅱ复合型断裂的多剖面法

本文根据韧性金属的断裂机理和裂纹尖端延伸区尺寸与断裂参量的关系提出了适用于高韧性材料Ⅰ—Ⅱ复合型断裂问题的多剖面法,可用来同时确定裂纹断裂角和裂纹尖端张开位移矢量的启裂值。本文用这种方法进行了双轴受载含倾斜裂纹的16MnR钢十字形试件的复合型位移断裂参量的测试。     

应力复合型裂纹焊接接头裂端场及其断裂参量分析

针对含Ⅰ+Ⅱ应力复合型裂纹的焊接接头,应用弹塑性有限元方法分析了其裂端应力场的分布规律。并对不同组配焊接接头的裂纹张开位移(COD)断裂参量及其复合角进行了数值计算,讨论了加载角度和接头强度组配对焊接接头中应力复合型裂纹的断裂行为及其断裂参量的影响机制。研究结果表明,无论何种强度组配,焊接接头裂纹尖端应力场的分布是不对称的。裂端上部发生锐化现象,而裂端下部发生钝化现象。断裂参量COD值的大小受接头组配的影响,因此,不能简单地采用全母材的性能代替接头进行焊接接头的断裂分析。加载角度对焊接接头中复合型裂纹Ⅰ、Ⅱ型主导性存在很大的影响,而接头强度组配对其影响不明显;而裂纹复合角则会受到加载角度及材料组配因素的影响。因此,在进行含应力复合型裂纹的焊接接头的COD断裂参量的计算时,必须考虑这些因素的综合影响作用。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

基于多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统的电力系统多目标粒子群优化算法采用权重系数法将多目标转化为单目标,从而忽视了各目标函数间的竞争关系这一问题,提出将非支配解提取法运用到电力系统多目标无功优化中,并设定了一套提取规则,以电力系统中的有功网损、电压偏差和电压稳定裕度为目标,使目标在充分竞争的情况下得出Pareto最优解,利用IEEE-14节点系统对多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化进行了仿真测试。研究结果表明,该算法一次运行可以得出多组非支配解,既有偏向单个目标的解也有兼顾所有目标的解,克服了权重系数法的盲目性和单一性,可使电力决策者根据实际问题选择最优解,具有较好的灵活性与多样性。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.