旋转行波超声电机的冲击动力学模拟及实验

研究了冲击产生的高过载对旋转型行波超声电机结构和性能的影响机理和规律。首先,结合旋转型行波超声电机的工作机理和结构形式,建立了该型超声电机在冲击载荷下的有限元模型,利用显式算法模拟其在冲击过载环境中的暂态过程,分析电机的定、转子及压电元件等部件的应力和应变分布规律,研究和评估了目前超声电机结构对瞬时超大过载的耐受情况;其次,设计了特定夹持装置,对旋转型行波超声电机的耐过载特性进行了马歇特锤击实验,实验结果很好地印证了理论分析结果;最后,综合理论和实验结果评定了当前典型的旋转行波超声电机结构在特殊使用环境中的耐过载能力及易损伤部件。实验结果表明,紧凑和简单的结构特点使得超声电机本身具有较好的适应大过载环境的工作能力,在直接承8千个重力加速度冲击过载后仍能维持一定的输出特性。     

超声电机用开槽碟簧的计算与设计方法

针对小型号超声电机定转子预压力加载需要,提出了基于圆锥壳体理论的开槽碟簧设计计算理论,并进行了试验验证。首先,从圆锥壳体理论出发,建立了开槽碟簧在简支条件下受轴向载荷的力学模型,并基于现代数值计算理论,得到了求解该力学模型的计算方法;其次,将计算结果与有限元结果以及传统公式结果进行对比分析,并设计试验进行了验证;最后,基于开槽碟簧准零刚度特性的参数敏感性分析试验结果,提出了开槽碟簧结构设计的方法。研究结果表明,基于圆锥壳体理论的开槽碟簧计算方法比有限元方法和传统公式具有更高的准确性,相对误差在±3.5%以内,开槽碟簧的最优高厚比范围在1.5～1.8之间。该结论可为小型号超声电机用开槽碟簧的设计提供参考。     

超声电机孤极在冲击环境中的传感特性测试

针对超声电机在冲击环境中的应用,提出了将旋转型超声电机中的孤极作为加速度传感器并进行了实验验证。基于圆环板的挠度微分方程与第2类压电方程得到孤极传感器电压灵敏度的理论表达式,并通过有限元方法得到传感器的谐振频率。搭建实验平台对传感器进行标定实验,结果表明,当冲击载荷的脉宽大于500μs时,孤极传感器与冲击过载保持良好的线性关系,但输出信号存在着较大干扰。为了在保持加速度信号特征的同时有效地去除干扰信号,设计了相应的数字滤波器,滤波后的信号仍然与加速度之间保持良好的线性关系。研究结果实现了超声电机的功能拓展,促进了超声电机在冲击环境中的应用。     

微型高过载加速度传感器的加工与测试

针对特殊场合的测试要求,设计了四端全固支的高过载梁岛结构加速度传感器,结构中采用在质量块背部氢氧化钾腐蚀的方法,减小质量块的质量,及其与梁中性面的相对距离,使梁岛式结构与平膜式结构的优点得到有效结合,结构加工工艺简单可行。利用霍普金森冲击校准装置进行冲击加速度动态特性校准,试验结果分析表明,被测微加速度传感器的灵敏度为0.71 µV/g,与理论值基本吻合。结构受到200 000g冲击后完好且输出信号正常,能有效地满足高冲击、强烈振动场合的特殊测试要求。     

大力矩应力型纵扭复合超声电机

研究了一种双转子应力型纵扭复合型超声电机,对该电机进行了结构设计,提出了纵振压电陶瓷片全部放置在定子端面上的结构,同时深入分析了电机的工作机理。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS详细分析了影响定子1阶扭振模态和电机整体2阶纵振模态的结构参数,并提出了针对应力型纵扭复合超声电机的模态频率一致性的设计方法。对研制出的Φ20 mm双转子应力型纵扭复合超声电机样机进行了振动特性以及使用不同预压力弹簧时的负载特性实验研究,结果表明:电机的纵振特性与施加在转子上的预压力有关;使用非线性预压力弹簧时,电机输出负载特性较好,其中Φ20 mm样机的堵转力矩达到了1.28 N.m。     

高过载加速度敏感芯片的结构与特性

为满足极端应用情况对高过载加速度传感器的需求,设计了一种带有微梁的加速度敏感结构。通过对主梁和微梁应力分布及敏感结构固有频率的仿真分析,给出了该敏感结构的设计方法,以此确定了传感器的结构参数。基于单晶硅材料断裂强度的尺寸效应,分析了敏感结构的过载特性。仿真结果表明,微梁的引入极大改善了加速度传感器的过载能力,所设计量程为1g的加速度敏感芯片,其满量程输出约为40 mV,过载可达79倍量程。     

多层UV-LIGA电铸镍材料的抗冲击性能

为研究采用UV-LIGA(Ultraviolet Lithography,Galvanoformung,Abformung)技术制作的多层电铸镍的机械可靠性,对其进行了抗冲击性能分析。利用冲击试验台及信号采集系统测试了UV-LIGA多层电铸镍的抗冲击性能。实验分析得到其累积失效概率-加速度峰值曲线近似拟合于韦布尔统计分布,韦布尔系数γ=7.6,参考加速度为21 300g。当加速度为12 000~18 000g时,可靠性相对较高;当加速度为12 000~18 000 g时,累计失效概率增加较快;当加速度大于24 000g时,可靠性下降迅速。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了试样,得到其主要的失效形式有分层、断裂、塑性变形以及黏连等。初步分析了失效原因,并提出了相应的优化设计方法,为UV-LIGA多层结构的设计提供实验依据。     

光阑用螺纹式超声电机

研制了一种新型螺纹式空心超声电机,用于驱动光阑并控制和调节光束。由于光阑仅需有限角度转动,故采取螺纹方式连接超声电机定子和转子来施加轴向预压力和实现转子周向运动的耦合。电机仅由转子、定子和底座组成;其中转子与光阑定圈固定,实现了与光阑的一体化设计。运用有限元软件对定子进行了模态分析,选定工作频率为38.26kHz。受可加工螺纹螺距尺寸的限制,电机轴向运动使电机预压力变化较大,电机转动角度小,不能驱动光阑完成闭合或开启,故对转子进行了柔性化设计。仿真实验表明,在转动90°范围内,定、转子预压力变化在27%之内。试验研究表明:设计的电机定子振动特性良好,干扰模态距工作模态5kHz以上;阻抗值变化不超过10%。得到的结果验证了预压力变化对电机影响小;电机驱动光阑开启时间为5s,闭合时间为4.4s,开启、闭合直径与电机运行时间呈线性关系。该空心电机满足了光阑调节需求,具有结构简单、零部件少等特点。     

新型大推力直线超声电机运动机理及实验研究

针对一种蝴蝶形直线超声电机,详细介绍了其定子结构,分析了超声电机运行中所利用的定子对称振动模态和反对称振动模态及其合成的振动形态。建立了定子运动学模型,并分析了驱动足的运动轨迹,推导出驱动足表面质点椭圆运动轨迹方程。研制了蝴蝶形直线超声电机原理样机,电机驱动频率为495kHz,在预压力70N条件下,空载速度为075m/s,最大推力可达16N,是定子重量的22倍,最高效率达42%。     

抗高过载微流体惯性开关

基于微连通器结构,提出了一种使用盐水(Na Cl溶液)作为工作流体且具有高的抗过载能力的微流体惯性开关。分析了液滴的分离机理,设计了开关的流道结构。然后,对开关进行了理论分析,建立了开关模型。最后,利用流体动力学仿真和样机实验相结合的方法,对开关结构和功能进行了验证。验证结果显示:在幅值为30 000 g阶跃型加速度作用下,开关的工作流体仍未发生分离,加速度的幅值与开关响应时间相关。另外,开关样机能够使盐水液面形成高度差,样机的静态加速度阈值为134.6 g~152.3 g,非常接近其理论计算的加速度阈值142.7 g。得到的结果表明,采用的微连通器结构能够极大地增强微流体惯性开关的抗液体分离能力,能够对加速度幅值进行区分,并实现闭锁功能,同时显示了高的抗过载能力。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.