斜动子与塔形定子构成的单驱双动超声电机

针对两相超声电机对模态频率一致性要求高及单相超声电机难于实现双向运动等问题,提出了一种单相驱动双向运动斜动子塔形直线超声电机。动子相对于塔形定子倾斜安装,利用塔形定子的面内对称模态或面内弯曲模态为工作模态,通过切换工作模态改变定子驱动足运动轨迹相对于动子的倾斜方向,实现动子正、反向运动。在分析电机工作原理及设计原则的基础上,推导了电机运行的导轨倾角适用范围,对设计制作的原理样机进行了模态实验和机械特性测试。实验表明,在导轨倾斜角为35°,激励电压为500 V,预压为力4.5 N的条件下,面内对称振动模态工作时的最大空载速度为79 mm/s,最大输出力为0.5 N;面内弯曲模态工作时的最大空载速度为756 mm/s,最大输出力为0.8 N。     

单模态驱动的V形板结构直线超声电机

为克服双模态超声电机频率一致性的限制和进一步提高V形直线超声电机的输出性能,设计了一种板结构直线超声电机。该电机包括V形定子和直线导轨,定子由2个相互垂直的板结构振子构成,驱动足位于2个变截面梁的连接点上。利用两振子弯曲振动形成的对称和反对称模态,通过两相模态切换,实现电机的双向运动。研制了样机并对其进行了模态实验和机械输出特性测试。借助三维激光测振仪分别测试了驱动足在接触和不接触导轨情况下的运动轨迹,阐述并验证了单模态超声电机的驱动机理。实验结果表明,该电机具有良好的机械输出特性:最大空载速度为690 mm/s,最大推力达100 N,推重比达59.7。     

单相驻波驱动的旋转型超声电机结构设计与试验研究

单相驱动的超声电机由于其驱动电路简单、设计灵活、结构紧凑等优点,受到越来越多的关注。但单相驱动的超声电机主要以直线型电机为主,且工作模态一般为退化模态,存在能量利用率低、频率易漂移等缺点。此外,现有旋转型单相驱动的超声电机存在输出性能差、不易装夹等问题,严重制约了其应用。为解决上述问题,提出了一种新型单相驻波驱动的旋转型超声电机,通过单一工作模态实现对转子的摩擦驱动。该超声电机的定子主要由压电复合梁和带驱动齿的圆环构成,在两组压电陶瓷片的交替激励下分别产生两相工作模态,并通过两相工作模态相互切换实现电机的双向旋转运动。首先,采用有限元分析方法计算得到了超声电机定子的几何尺寸和两相工作模态(包括共振频率和振型)。其次,通过测振实验对定子原理样机进行了振动特性测试,得到了定子的幅频特性、振型和驱动齿的运动轨迹,并与仿真计算结果进行了比较,验证了仿真分析的正确性。最后,装配了旋转型超声电机原理样机,并开展了性能测试实验研究。结果表明：在300 V激励电压、1 N预压力的条件下,超声电机原理样机在两个工作模态下的最大转速分别为123.9 r/min (顺时针旋转)和450.9 r/min (逆...     

新型惯性式直线超声压电电机的运动机理及实验研究

提出了一种新型惯性式直线超声压电电机.该电机利用压电晶体的逆压电效应和惯性位移原理,由定子的轴向变形,通过摩擦力的作用,以惯性位移的形式传递运动.它由两部分组成,定子由具有位移放大功能的压电复合换能器和轴组成,动子为一带有缺口和环形凹槽的环.分析了该电机的工作原理,并通过仿真和实验相结合的方法分析了两种激励方式对电机性能的影响.实验结果表明:样机采用方波驱动比采用锯齿波驱动的效果好;在采用方波驱动信号驱动时,样机的最大空载速度可达到11 mm/s,最大输出力达到0.5 N.     

动摩擦型压电叠堆直线电机定子的振动特性

为提高动摩擦非共振型压电电机的输出力,研究了该型电机定子的振动特性及其对电机输出力的影响。通过分析电机的总体结构和工作机理,建立了电机定子的纵向振动模型和伪刚体模型,给出了定子驱动端的振动微分方程,并获得了纵向位移函数和横向位移函数。从功能原理出发,推导了电机的周期平均输出力公式。利用数值分析法对电机的纵向振幅特性和推力特性进行了仿真。设计、制作了电机样机,对不同激励条件下定子驱动端的纵向振动位移和电机输出力进行了测试。仿真和试验结果验证了定子振动特性理论：电机输出力随纵向振幅的增加而增加,且近似成线性关系。测试结果表明：在激励电压峰峰值为100 V、频率为1.6 kHz时,驱动端振幅最大可达0.92μm,样机输出力最大可达3.5 N。     

新型大推力直线超声电机运动机理及实验研究

针对一种蝴蝶形直线超声电机,详细介绍了其定子结构,分析了超声电机运行中所利用的定子对称振动模态和反对称振动模态及其合成的振动形态。建立了定子运动学模型,并分析了驱动足的运动轨迹,推导出驱动足表面质点椭圆运动轨迹方程。研制了蝴蝶形直线超声电机原理样机,电机驱动频率为495kHz,在预压力70N条件下,空载速度为075m/s,最大推力可达16N,是定子重量的22倍,最高效率达42%。     

轮式直线型超声电机定子的动态设计和分析

利用非统一截面梁在正交方向上的2个同形弯曲振动模态作为工作模态,设计了一种新型直线超声电机.基于有限元理论叙述了该定子的动态设计过程,对定子驱动足位置、压电陶瓷安装位置和定子的不同夹持方式进行了仿真计算,分析了不同阶次弯曲振动模态作为定子工作模态的优缺点以及不同支撑方式对定子振动模态的影响.制造了一台原理性样机,样机定子直径为10 mm,长为55 mm,重为30 g.在驱动电压峰峰值为200 V,驱动频率为49.52 kHz,摩擦副为陶瓷摩擦材料对不锈钢的情况下,电机空载速度为374 mm/s,最大推力为13 N,推重比达到了43: 1.     

板式直线压电振子的拓扑优化与实验

为了提高直线超声电机的性能,采用拓扑优化方法设计了板式直线压电振子的拓扑结构。首先,在不改变电机几何外形尺寸的情况下进行原型机的拓扑优化分析;其次,对原型机和拓扑优化电机进行模态分析和谐波响应分析;最后,进行了原型机和拓扑优化后电机的机械性能测试。由实验结果可得:原型机最大输出力为1.5 N,采用拓扑优化设计的定子结构电机最大输出力为2 N,输出力比原型机提升33%;在激励电压峰峰值为400 V时,原型机最大空载速度为410 mm/s,优化后的电机最大空载速度为460 mm/s,速度提升了12%。结果表明,拓扑优化后超声电机的性能得到显著提高。     

蝶形双驱动足直线超声电机设计及实验

提出了一种新型双驱动足直线型超声电机.该电机利用联接成一体的两个振子的对称振动,在驱动足端面质点上可获得定/动子之间接触面的切向运动;利用反对称振动,可获得法向运动.同时,激励振子的对称和反对称振动在两个驱动足端面质点上町形成相同方向椭圆运动轨迹,从而驱动压在定子上的动子直线运动.采用有限无法分析了共振频率对结构参数的灵敏度,根据各灵敏度大小适当地调节了结构参数,使定子的两相共振频率基本达到一致.为了获得高速和大推力,前端盖选用硬铝材料,后端盖选用黄铜,压紧螺栓选用镀铬高强度钢材料.实验结果表明:在预压力为70N下,样机的空载速度为0.75 m/s,最大推力为16 N,是定子质量的22倍.     

双足反向型直线超声电机的优化设计及性能仿真

为实现成对微部件反向同步动作的精密定位,设计了一种双足反向型直线超声电机。该电机以矩形板面内一阶纵振和二阶弯振模态为工作模态,通过三角形结构将激励振动放大并在驱动足位置形成椭圆运动,从而驱动两滑条实现反向直线输出。基于工作频率一致性要求进行了电机结构优化,采用谐响应分析验证了设计的可行性。建立定子滑条刚柔接触有限元模型,实现了电机输出性能的仿真。仿真结果说明该电机具有较好的稳定性,空载速度和输出推力分别达到120mm/s和30N。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.