基于CFD的抗性消声器流体动力学特性研究

本文通过复杂结构抗性消声器流体动力学建模、仿真和数据后处理等过程,讨论了利用计算流体力学方法计算消声器的压力损失方法,分析了消声器内部的结构对消声性能和压力损失的影响。得出结论:穿孔管结构能够改善消声器内部的流体动力学特性,并且是影响消声器压力损失的重要因素;穿孔管和内插管相结合的结构对有比较好的消声效果。利用试验数据和计算机仿真分析,验证了利用CFD技术进行消声器压力损失预测的可行性。     

汽车排气消声系统的整体设计试验分析

汽车排气消声系统的整体消声性能是影响整车NVH性能和发动机效率的重要因素,在多级消声单元组成的排气消声系统中,消声单元的排列位置不同,对系统整体的消声效果也不相同。对某型汽车消声器在各消声单元的排列位置不同的情况下,测量了相应的插入损失和排气压力。试验结果表明,合理布置消声单元可以获得较大的插入损失和较小的排气压力,使消声器整体设计更为合理。     

轮式挖掘机复杂结构抗性消声器研究及设计

针对某型轮式挖掘机发动机排气噪声的频率组成分布在低中高全频段的特点,根据共振腔消声器和扩张室消声器这两种基本消声单元结构特性,提出了一种恰当结合两种基本消声单元结构进行复杂结构抗性消声器设计的方法,使得消声器在全频段具有良好的消声效果,运用GT-power仿真软件对挖掘机发动机和消声器进行了耦合仿真,预测了复杂结构抗性消声器的性能,利用正交实验的方法对消声器内部结构参数进行了优化,最后通过实车测试进行了验证。实验及研究结果表明,所设计的复杂结构抗性消声器声学性能和空气动力性能良好,发动机排气噪声在全频段均有所下降,消声器插入损失平均达到18 d B(A),压力损失在许可范围内。     

汽车排气消声器性能仿真分析与结构改进

传递损失属于消声器本身的消声性能,通过理论建模并使用声学软件Sysnoise对一款汽车排气消声器的传递损失性能进行了仿真分析,发现该款消声器存在基频和高频消声能力不足;运用现代消声器设计理论对原消声器进行了结构改进,通过仿真分析发现改进后消声器消声效果明显;采用两负载实验法测出原消声器和改进后消声器的传递损失,与仿真预测值吻合良好。     

摩托车排气净化消声器性能分析

研究了催化器结构对消声器性能的影响,在催化器内加入细插入管建立新催化器模型来模拟催化器的内噪声传递及损失,分析并对比了安装与未安装催化器的消声器的噪声传递损失,运用GT-Power软件建立摩托车发动机工作过程与带催化器的消声器的耦合仿真模型,得到消声器在发动机各转速下的插入损失和压力损失。分析结果显示,消声器在中低频段消声效果较好,在中高频段消声效果较差。根据仿真和试验结果对消声器结构进行改进,改进后的消声器在发动机各转速下消声效果得到改善,插入损失增加3~5dB,仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

基于计算流体力学车辆抗性消声器结构分析

消声器是车辆发动机重要的减振降噪单元,同时增加的压损对整机的正常高效工作具有重要的影响。采用CFD和试验相结合的方法对中低频降噪的抗性消声器进行设计分析。根据抗性消声器的结构特性,对结构参数进行分析,基于分析结果对消声器的结构参数进行设计,并对扩张室、共振腔室和整体结构参数进行设计,基于某款发动机对参数进行设计;基于CFD建模仿真,对消声器的压损进行对比分析;基于消声器试验台对消声器消声效果和声频等性能进行分析。结果可知:消声器扩张比为2.5,满足设计要求;消音器进出口压力损失为1802.38Pa,设计值为1780Pa,二者之间的误差小于2%;消声器的降噪效果明显,入口处噪声在80dBA,而经过消声器降噪之后,主要在55dBA;在中低频带消声效果明显,尤其是在100Hz、900Hz和(1700～2200)Hz等,损失大,消声效果好,符合此类消声器的结构特点,表明设计是合理的。为此类设计提供重要参考。     

抗性消声器单元压力损失的仿真分析

为复杂抗性消声器的设计和后期优化做准备,采用FLUENT软件,对扩张管、内插管、穿孔板和穿孔管式的消声单元的压力损失进行数值仿真分析,首先通过半经验公式与数值仿真分析方法对不同进气速度下的扩张管的压力损失进行对比,验证了后者的正确性;然后通过对各种消声器单元设置不同的结构参数(扩张比、穿孔率等)和进气速度,最终获得上述各种因素对抗性消声器单元压力损失的影响规律。该研究有助于减少甚至消除消声器优化设计的盲目性,提高设计水平。     

应用Fluent矿用汽车消声器内部流场和声场分析

矿用汽车发动机功率大、排气流量大、排气温度高等特点,对消声器设计提出较高要求,对其内部流场和声场进行分具有重要意义。针对排气消声器空气动力性能进行研究,并结合压力场分析,讨论流场和声场对消声性能影响。基于Fluent对隔板位置不同的四种消声器模型在同种工况下进行三维流场数值模拟分析,可知隔板位置对消声器压力损失影响不大,并结合压力损失理论计算验证数值模拟的可靠性。搭建实验台架,通过管道实验法进行实验,用测试数据对比验证模拟方法的可行性,分析结果可知:消声器的消声量与其内部气体流速呈现负相关,随其减小强度有增大的趋势,进出口压力损失则与气流速度的平方成正比;利用声学分析,探讨消声器隔板位置对消声性能产生的影响,发现其影响有限;为实际设计生产提供参考。     

基于传递矩阵法车用抗性消声器结构优化设计

专用汽车的发动机功率大、排气流量大、排气温度高等特点,因此,抗性消声器成为降低排气噪声的重要装置,采用传递矩阵分析法对抗性消声器性能进行频域分析。针对多腔体、具有并联结构的复杂抗性消声器各参数对传递损失的影响,使用传递矩阵分析法对其结构进行优化设计。利用声学运动方程、连续性方程及四子参数法推导其传递矩阵,获得传递损失曲线。为提高消声器的效率,应用Matlab将基本消声单元进行模块化设计,搭建消声器实验台,对比实验分析和理论计算消声器的传递损失。结果可知:使用传递矩阵分析法所建模型能达到较高的预测精度;中间腔容积的变化对消声器消声性能有较大影响;通过调节隔板位置获得消声器内部各腔最佳容积,此时的消声量达到11d B,满足实际要求。     

结构参数对抗性消声器性能影响分析

加装消声器是控制车辆噪声最有效最直接的方法,其既允许气流顺利通过,又有效阻止或减弱声能向外传播。针对扩张室消声器中的抗性结构进行分析,建立其有限元模型,运用SYSNOISE进行声学性能分析,对比分析扩张比、扩张室长度、膨胀腔数量、有无内插管等对传递损失影响;基于FLUENT进行空气动力性能分析,对不同扩张比、带内插管等结构阻力特点进行分析。析结果可知:简单扩张腔,扩张比决定消声量;而扩张室的长度则对消声频率起决定作用,其增加,则使得传递损失的带宽却随之减少,而通过的频率数目则增加;通过布置内插管,可以有效增大消声频带;膨胀腔数量与传递损失呈正相关,其增加时,消声频率则变宽,而通过的频率数目则相应减少;不同扩张比扩张室消声器的阻力损失相差不大,但阻力损失的基值比较大,是一种阻力损失相对比较大的消声器结构;带内插管扩张室消音器压力损失明显减小;分析结果为此类设计提供参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...