我国高速列车外观设计进展与趋势研究

对近年来高速列车外观设计现状进行了分析及归纳,包括造型元素、色彩元素、地域文化元素、空气动力学元素等在高速列车设计中的应用。通过分析现有高速列车造型特征,阐述了未来高速列车外观设计方法,以及信息时代对高速列车外观设计产生的影响。总结了现有高速列车外观设计特征,并对未来高速列车外观设计发展趋势进行展望。     

基于空气动力学的高速列车造型设计研究进展

高速列车作为一种高速、高载的现代轨道交通工具,其造型设计成为工业设计领域的重要研究方向。为避免造型设计中美观性与实用性相分离,对高速列车的造型与空气动力性能的关系进行了研究。通过对相关文献的搜集整理与对比分析,梳理了近年来高速列车空气动力学与造型设计领域的研究成果,分析了影响列车气动性能的造型设计因素,总结了基于空气动力学的高速列车造型设计准则,为该领域的设计研究提供参考。     

我国传统铁路客车造型设计特点分析

为建立一般性的列车造型设计理论,对我国传统铁路客车造型的演变历程进行了梳理,总结了其造型设计的主要特点,并对其成因进行了分析,指出技术、文化与审美是影响列车造型设计的3个主要因素,并通过实例对其进行了详细分析.得到CRH高速列车造型设计的启示,认为面向文化诉求的造型设计是基本设计思路,仿生造型是有效的设计手段,而从人机工程学到情感化设计是今后该领域发展的方向.     

基于遗传因子理论的列车造型迭代设计方法

为满足列车设计升级需求，将遗传因子理论与轨道交通工具设计相结合，提出一种基于遗传因子理论的列车造型迭代设计方法。以某有轨电车造型设计为例，将列车造型分为侧视特征群和前视特征群，并运用造型分析法对其显性因子进行提取，将提取出的显性因子作为初始形状输入形状文法中，依据形状文法推演规则库和设计约束进行侧视和前视特征形状推演，从而生成下一代列车造型设计方案。通过实例验证了方法的可行性，可在较短周期内产生系列化列车造型设计方案，并在保持品牌形象识别的同时有效指导列车造型创新设计。     

基于文本挖掘与神经网络的高速列车意象造型设计

为满足人们对高速列车造型的感性意象需求,提出基于文本挖掘与神经网络的高速列车意象造型设计方法。采用文本挖掘和模块分解,确定高速列车的感性意象集和设计模块库;采用群决策聚类的方法集结感性意象集的评分,从而提高调查样本的信度;应用BP神经网络,获得高速列车设计模块库和感性意象集之间的映射关系。基于建立的映射关系,选择设计模块进行组合与调整,形成符合不同感性意象需求的设计方案。结果表明:该方法较好地模拟了设计思维,可为高速列车造型设计提供有效的辅助与支持。     

高速列车乘客行为与车内平面布局研究

通过分析高速列车乘客的行为特征,对人因工程在高速列车车厢内平面布局设计中的应用进行了探讨.应用其中的原理研究了乘客行为与车内空间的关系,总结了不同时间段乘客的行为特征,提出了高速列车内饰平面布局建议,为高速列车车厢内平面布局设计提供依据.     

耦合仿生在产品造型设计中的应用研究

为提升产品仿生造型与自然生物原型间的耦合度,将耦合仿生引入产品造型设计过程,以提高产品仿生设计的高效性与准确性。采用拓扑结构分析法对自然生物原型进行特征层级划分,得到特征强弱排序,确定其典型特征;通过产品造型分析,确定产品设计要素及特征;运用生物美感耦合、实用功能耦合、象征语义耦合3种方法将自然生物原型的典型特征与产品设计要素进行耦合设计,得到设计方案;运用模糊综合评价法进行耦合度计算,确定最佳设计方案。以大白鲨与高速列车的耦合仿生设计为例,验证了耦合仿生设计在产品造型设计中的可行性和有效性。     

磁悬浮高速列车造型设计

正设计说明:磁悬浮列车造型模仿猎豹高速奔跑的特点,并将其进行设计提炼,造型上体现新颖性,车身上运用了太阳能板等材料,使列车更加节能环保。     

高速列车座椅意象造型与色彩设计研究

为满足用户对产品意象的感知需求,以高速列车座椅为研究对象,提出一种基于感性工学系统的理论架构。应用灰色关联分析法(Grey Relational Analysis,GRA)进行产品意象造型与色彩设计研究,有效地识别影响产品意象的造型与色彩设计元素;并依据灰色关联度得到影响产品意象的造型与色彩设计要素的优先级排序,探讨产品造型、色彩与感性意象的相关性;最后客观地构建出产品意象造型与色彩的设计决策系统。以高速列车座椅的造型与色彩设计为实例进行验证,表明该方法合理可行,为产品意象造型与色彩设计提供参考。     

需求驱动的高速列车动力学性能设计方法研究

高速列车经过多年的发展,已经形成了一系列成熟的车型。但不同运用条件对高速列车功能、特征、性能的需求也不同。在高速列车动力学性能设计过程中,传统的设计模式不能及时地响应用户需求,降低设计效率。因此,从需求角度出发,针对高速列车动力学性能,开展了需求驱动的高速列车动力学性能设计方法的研究。通过需求与设计的映射机制,将需求映射到设计中;基于映射结果,通过对动力学参数进行设计来实现对动力学性能设计,最后获取设计结果,满足设计需求。最后通过实例计算,验证了设计方法的可行性。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.