圆角方形断面气动特性试验

通过刚性测压模型风洞试验,在均匀流场中测试了圆角率R/D=0.4的方形断面在0°～45°风向角、雷诺数Re=0.8×10~5～3.8×10~5时的气动特性。结果表明:试验雷诺数范围内,所有风向角下模型的阻力系数均值、升力系数均值、升力系数脉动值及斯特罗哈数基本上都受到雷诺数的影响。与其他风向角相比,0°～17.5°风向角时,阻力系数均值和升力系数均值受雷诺数的影响更大; 7.5°～45°风向角时,升力系数脉动值受雷诺数的影响更大; 0°～12.5°风向角时,斯特罗哈数受雷诺数的影响更大。     

影响风力发电机翼型气动性能的因素研究

翼型气动性能的优劣影响着风力发电机的发电效率,研究影响叶片翼型气动性能的因素具有重要意义。本文采用数值方法计算了文献中NACA0012翼型在Re=10^6时的气动性能参数并与试验值比较,验证了数值方法的正确性。通过对相对厚度、相对弯度、雷诺数等影响翼型气动特性的参数进行研究,结果表明:相对厚度小的翼型在小攻角范围可以获得更好的气动性能;当攻角大于失速角12°后,相对厚度大的翼型的气动性能更佳。在0°~20°攻角范围内,相对弯度和雷诺数越大,翼型的气动性能越好。     

雷诺数对DU系列翼型气动性能的影响

针对雷诺数对大型风力机常用的DU系列翼型气动性能的影响,以DU25、DU30、DU40三种厚度翼型为研究对象,采用Gambit6.3对模型进行流场网格划分,利用商用CFD软件Fluent14.0对其进行气动性能计算,并对其升力特性、阻力特性、升阻比及力矩系数等气动性能参数在(0~30)°攻角范围内进行了分析比较。结果表明,在一定攻角范围内,雷诺数越大翼型的升力系数越大,阻力系数越小,升阻比越大,并且翼型的相对厚度越小,其气动性能受雷诺数影响越大。研究结果为今后的风力机叶片设计及优化提供了一定的参考依据,对片优化具有一定的指导意义。     

180 °螺旋式Savonius风力机气动特性试验研究

为了揭示雷诺数对S型风力机气动特性的影响规律以及常规S型风力机与180°螺旋式S型风力机气动特性的差异,采用理论分析和风洞试验手段开展研究。基于不同雷诺数下二维凹、凸面阻力系数气动数据,理论分析得出,当雷诺数超过104时,S型风力机的气动特性受雷诺数的影响较小。通过总结结构级数对S型风力机的影响规律,推测出螺旋式S型风力机的最大风能利用系数低于常规S型风力机。对旋转直径360mm、高度800mm和偏心距100mm气动外形尺寸相同的常规和180°螺旋式S型风力机,在雷诺数1.26×10~5～2.21×10~5开展风洞试验验证理论分析的结论。此外,针对螺旋式S型风力机,还开展气动外形参数和在风力机端部施加端板流动控制的试验,试验结果得出较大的长宽比和端板流动控制均能明显提高风力机的风能利用系数和拓宽较大风能利用系数对应的尖速比范围。     

雷诺数对低速对称翼型气动性能的影响

基于CFD软件,采用k-ωSST湍流模型,研究了不同雷诺数对低速对称翼型NACA0012、NACA0015和NACA0018气动性能的影响,以及同一雷诺数下翼型相对厚度对翼型气动性能的影响。比较了翼型NACA0012、NACA0015和NACA0018的升力系数和阻力系数的计算值与试验值,得出了和试验值最接近的翼型,总结了对称翼型升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化规律,确定了对称翼型最佳攻角。结果显示,低速对称翼型相对厚度越大,气动性能越好;雷诺数越小,黏性越大,越先发生边界层分离;翼型NAcA0018的计算值和试验值最接近;翼型NAcA0018的最佳攻角为10°。     

不同厚度翼型对气动特性及叶片强度的影响

在小雷诺数条件下,采用N—S方程研究了-4°～10°迎角下不同厚度翼型对气动特性的影响规律,迭代计算结果表明：厚度较小的翼型在某一小攻角下获得最大的升阻比。并利用Solidworks软件,分析了三种不同厚度翼型叶片的应力分布,结果表明,三种翼型叶片均满足强度要求。     

一种翼身组合模型气动特性研究

基于一种后掠翼翼身组合体刚性模型,为研究其低速升阻力和俯仰力矩变化特性,进行低速风洞纵向测力实验,迎角α为-4°~+36°。根据模型实际实验状态,数值模拟其低速粘性绕流流场和升阻力特性,特征雷诺数为4×10~5。实验结果表明:在-4°~+15°迎角范围内,模型升力系数按明显线性关系增大;31°迎角时,升力系数获得最大值为1.15。36°迎角时,阻力系数值达最大为0.807。模型升阻力数值模拟结果与风洞实验值在计算攻角范围吻合良好,最大相对偏差11%,结合流场计算结果分析能够支持和综合分析风洞实验结果。     

基于最大风能利用系数的风力机翼型设计

以叶素动量理论为基础,对翼型风能利用系数进行循环迭代以求解其最大值,同时分析翼型在各段升阻比范围内升阻比增加对风能系数的影响.针对风力机展向各处对翼型设计的不同要求,基于翼型型线与噪声预测理论,综合考虑翼型的前缘粗糙度敏感性、非设计工况特性、失速特性、噪声特性以及风力机的使用寿命,提出以多攻角范围内翼型风能利用系数为设计目标来设计翼型的新方法.计算实例选取相对厚度为18%的翼型进行优化计算,得到一种性能优越的风力机专用翼型,通过和风力机常用翼型NACA 63418在雷诺数Re=2×106和Re=6×106下自由转捩和固定转捩两种工况时性能的综合比较,新翼型在5°～14°攻角范围内具有良好的粗糙度敏感性、非设计工况特性、失速特性以及低噪声,同时也具有更高的风能利用系数,很好地满足了风力机专用翼型的设计要求.     

低雷诺数旋翼翼型设计及气动仿真

研究了低雷诺数下薄圆弧旋翼的翼型,考虑其对高气动性能、高结构强度和便于制造和轻量化的要求,提出一种具有上凸结构的薄圆弧翼型。通过在翼型上表面增加凸起结构,增加部分弦长的翼型厚度并安装加强筋来提高翼型延展向的结构强度;设计出了最大厚度为4.3%、圆弧均匀厚度为2.5%、最大弯度为5.5%和均匀弯度为4.5%的薄圆弧翼型。采用基于二维定常、不可压缩Navier-Stoke方程的数值仿真方法计算了该翼型在雷诺数为40,000~100,000,迎角为-4°~12°下的气动性能,并获得了该翼型上下表面的压力系数分布线和速度矢量图。采用该翼型制作了直径为40cm,质量为15g,桨距为15.7cm的碳纤维旋翼;在悬停状态下完成了它的升力和结构强度试验。实验结果显示其性能满足使用要求。目前,研制的旋翼已成功地应用于某型多旋翼飞行器。     

翼型厚度对风力机翼型气动特性的影响

在Re=3×106下,基于k-w SST两方程湍流模型对两种不同厚度的NREL风力机专用翼型进行了数值模拟,重点研究了-5°～15°攻角下不同厚度对翼型气动特性的影响规律。非定常计算结果表明:不同厚度对翼型气动性能影响显著,在某一小攻角范围,较小厚度值可获得较大升阻比,在大攻角翼型发生失速时,较大厚度值可提高翼型的升阻比,拓宽高升阻比的攻角范围,有效改善翼型的分离流动特性。     

波浪型结节改形风机翼型的气动性能研究

采用大涡模拟湍流模型对前后缘波浪型结节改形风机翼型在雷偌数5×104下不同攻角的流动控制机理进行了数值研究。研究表明:相比于标准直翼型NACA0012,改形风机翼型在失速区得到了更平缓的升力曲线。在小攻角(α<12°)工况下,改形翼型的升力系数稍小,然而当攻角(α>12°)时,其升力系数明显提高,最高可达37%。改形翼型由于其前后缘沿展向呈正弦波浪型变化,在不同截面处的呈现出明显不同的尾迹结构,从而导致其表面自由剪切层发生扭曲。这种三维涡在其产生、发展以及推移过程中的相互作用,使得其三维尾迹涡结构在失速区能得到很好的控制,从而达到延迟流动分离及减小失速影响的目的。深入研究前后缘波浪型结节改形风机翼型尾迹结构的流动分布及物理特性等,对于揭示前后缘结节改形风机翼型流动控制机理具有非常重要的意义。     

Experimental study of effects of circular-cross-section riblets on the aerodynamic performance of Risø airfoil at transient flow regime

New drag reduction methods have received much attention due to the importance of drag reduction in airplanes and wind turbines. One of the ways for drag reduction is the use of riblets. We investigated the effects of riblets on the aerodynamic performance of the Risø airfoil quantitatively. By installing a load cell and using the one-sided force measurement method, the drag and lift coefficients of the Risø airfoil were measured in two modes: With and without riblets at three different arrangements. The shape of riblets is a circularcross- section and the ratio of riblets’ diameter to the airfoil chord is equal to 0.005. The tests were carried out in transient flow regime (Two Reynolds numbers of 2.02×10⁵ and 1.4×10⁵), and at attack angles from 0 to 20 degrees. The results indicate that the extent of the riblets effect on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil depends on the angle of attack, Reynolds number, and arrangement of the riblets on the airfoil. The maximum drag reduction at the Reynolds numbers of 2.02×10⁵ and 1.4×10⁵ is about 29.7 % and 54 %, respectively, that occurs at an attack angle of 7 degrees for both two Reynolds numbers.     

Numerical simulation of flow past rectangular cylinders with different aspect ratios using the incompressible lattice Boltzmann method

This paper presents a numerical study of a uniform flow past a rectangular cylinder using the incompressible lattice Boltzmann method (ILBM). Firstly, we use the ILBM to simulate the flow past a square cylinder symmetrically placed in a two-dimensional channel and results are validated against the well-resolved results obtained using finite-difference method and finite-volume method. Secondly, the effects of the aspect ratio defined as R = width/height on the fluid forces, vortex shedding frequency and the flow structures in the wake are investigated. Aspect ratios ranging from 0.15 to 4.00 and four Reynolds numbers Re = 100, 150, 200 and 250 are selected for the investigation. The results show that the effects of aspect ratio on physical quantities such as drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number and the vortex shedding mechanism are very notable in the range between 0 and 2. In general, the drag coefficient decreases with the aspect ratio and the decreasing rate is more distinct in the range of 0.15 ≤ R ≤ 2.0. There is no local maximum found at around R = 0.6 in the drag coefficient as reported for higher Reynolds numbers in the literature. However the root-mean-square value of the lift coefficient shows a maximum value at R ≈ 0.5 for all Reynolds numbers selected. The variation of Strouhal number with R appears to be different for four selected Reynolds numbers. Especially for Re = 250, a discontinuity in St, as has been observed for higher Reynolds numbers, is observed at around R = 1.45 where multiple peaks are found in the result of Fourier spectrum analysis of the lift force and irregular vortex shedding behavior with no fixed shedding frequency is observed from the instantaneous vorticity contours. Such discontinuity is not observed for Re = 100, 150 and 200. The present results using the LBM are compared with some existing experimental data and numerical studies. The comparison shows that the LBM can capture the characteristics of the bluff body flow well and is a useful tool for bluff body flow studies.     

离散叉排肋化内冷通道流动与传热的数值模拟

运用数值模拟方法,计算肋片导流角θ为15°～45°的离散叉排肋化冷却通道在雷诺数介于1×104～20×104之间时的换热和流阻特性。研究结果表明,(1)各算例的强化换热能力随雷诺数的增大而减小,流动阻力随雷诺数的增大而增大,综合换热效率随雷诺数的增大而减小。(2)肋片导流角的改变可以显著改变通道的换热和流阻特性。相同雷诺数下,θ=45°的强化换热比和通道阻力增大比最高,θ=15°的强化换热比和通道阻力增大比最低。在研究范围内θ=15°的综合换热效率最好。     

高雷诺数下有限长圆柱绕流阻力特性研究

针对不同长径比的有限长圆柱模型,采用大涡模拟及雷诺平均的方法,对高雷诺数下有限长圆柱绕流阻力特性进行数值模拟和分析,得到了圆柱阻力系数随长径比和雷诺数的变化规律,讨论端面效应对绕流阻力系数的影响。结果表明：在亚临界区内,相同雷诺数下阻力系数随长径比的增大而增大,呈线性变化规律,L/D的对阻力系数的影响明显大于Re对阻力系数的影响;在阻力危机区内,相同雷诺数下阻力系数随长径比的增大而增大,呈二次函数的变化规律,但各工况达到阻力系数“转折点”对应的雷诺数各不相同,基本呈现随雷诺数的增大向前推移的趋势,Re对阻力系数的影响明显大于L/D对阻力系数的影响;在阻力回升区,阻力系数回升的“转折点”随着雷诺数的逐渐增大而向后推移。在各分区内,端面效应对阻力系数的影响随雷诺数增大而更加明显,在高度方向上的最大影响区域约占圆柱总高度的16%。研究结果对有限长圆柱绕流特性的研究及应用具有重要意义和价值。     

Unsteady Lift and Drag Forces Acting on the Elliptic Cylinder

A parametric study has been accomplished to figure out the effects of elliptic cylinder thickness, angle of attack, and Reynolds number on the unsteady lift and drag forces exerted on the elliptic cylinder. A two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes flow solver is developed based on the SIMPLER method in the body-intrinsic coordinates system to analyze the unsteady viscous flow over elliptic cylinder. Thickness-to-chord ratios of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 elliptic cylinders are simulated at different Reynolds numbers of 400 and 600, and angles of attack of 10°, 20°, and 30°. Through this study, it is observed that the elliptic cylinder thickness, angle of attack, and Reynolds number are very important parameters to decide the lift and drag forces. All these parameters also affect significantly the frequencies of the unsteady force oscillations.     

Drag force control of flow over wavy cylinders at low reynolds number

Three-dimensional numerical simulations on the laminar flow around a circular cylinder with different diameter along the spanwise leading to a type of sinusoidal waviness, named wavy cylinder are performed at low Reynolds number. A series of wavy cylinders with different combinations of spanwise wavelength and wave amplitude are conducted at a Reynolds number of 100. The optimal range of wavelength and the effect of wave amplitude are obtained. The results show that the 3-D free shear layers from the cylinder are more difficult to roll up to vortex and hence the wake formation lengths of some typical wavy cylinders are larger than that of the circular cylinder and in some cases the free shear layers even do not roll up into vortex behind the cylinder. The mean drag coefficients of the typical wavy cylinders are less than that of a corresponding circular cylinder with the same mean diameter; also the fluctuating lift coefficients are reduced. The reduction of mean drag coefficient and fluctuating lift coefficient of wavy cylinder increases with the value of wavy amplitude. Furthermore, a typical wavy cylinder model at Re=150 is also simulated and found that the control of flow induced vibration by modifing the spanwise wavelength of cylinder has a relationship with the variation of Reynolds number.     

Unsteady viscous flow over elliptic cylinders at various thickness with different reynolds numbers

Two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using SIMPLER method in the intrinsic curvilinear coordinates system to study the unsteady viscous flow physics over two-dimensional ellipses Unsteady viscous flows over various thickness-to-chord ratios of 06, 08, 10, and 1 2 elliptic cylinders are simulated at different Reynolds numbers of 200, 400, and 1,000 This study is focused on the understanding the effects of Reynolds number and elliptic cylinder thickness on the drag and lift forces The present numerical solutions are compared with available experimental and numerical results and show a good agicement Through this study, it is observed that the Reynolds number and the cylinder thickness affect significantly the frequencies of the force oscillations as well as the mean values and the amplitudes of the drag and lift forces     

Effect of Reynolds numbers on flow past four square cylinders in an in-line square configuration for different gap spacings

In this paper two-dimensional (2-D) numerical investigation of flow past four square cylinders in an in-line square configuration are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method. The gap spacing g = s/d is set at 1, 3 and 6 and Reynolds number ranging from Re = 60 to 175. We observed four distinct wake patterns: (i) a steady wake pattern (Re = 60 and g = 1); (ii) a stable shielding wake pattern (80 ≤ Re ≤ 175 and g = 1); (iii) a wiggling shielding wake pattern (60 ≤ Re ≤ 175 and g = 3) and (iv) a vortex shedding wake pattern (60 ≤ Re ≤ 175 and g = 6). At g = 1, the Reynolds number is observed to have a strong effect on the wake patterns. It is also found that at g = 1, the secondary cylinder interaction frequency significantly contributes for drag and lift coefficients signal. It is found that the primary vortex shedding frequency dominates the flow and the role of secondary cylinder interaction frequency almost vanish at g = 6. It is observed that the jet between the gaps strongly influenced the wake interaction for different gap spacing and Reynolds number combination. To fully understand the wake transformations the details vorticity contour visualization, power spectra of lift coefficient signal and time signal analysis of drag and lift coefficients also presented in this paper.