基于ANSYS的油气管道表面椭圆裂纹的断裂力学有限元分析

针对小裂纹断裂力学的基本概念,主要分析了油气管道表面裂纹的断裂,并运用ANSYS workbench15.0有限元软件建立裂纹的有限元模型,进行了断裂力学计算,得出了裂纹的KⅠ、KⅡ、KⅢ强度因子和J积分,定性和定量的评定了裂纹尖端的应力场强弱程度,为压力管道裂纹的研究提供了数据参考。     

应力复合型裂纹焊接接头裂端场及其断裂参量分析

针对含Ⅰ+Ⅱ应力复合型裂纹的焊接接头,应用弹塑性有限元方法分析了其裂端应力场的分布规律。并对不同组配焊接接头的裂纹张开位移(COD)断裂参量及其复合角进行了数值计算,讨论了加载角度和接头强度组配对焊接接头中应力复合型裂纹的断裂行为及其断裂参量的影响机制。研究结果表明,无论何种强度组配,焊接接头裂纹尖端应力场的分布是不对称的。裂端上部发生锐化现象,而裂端下部发生钝化现象。断裂参量COD值的大小受接头组配的影响,因此,不能简单地采用全母材的性能代替接头进行焊接接头的断裂分析。加载角度对焊接接头中复合型裂纹Ⅰ、Ⅱ型主导性存在很大的影响,而接头强度组配对其影响不明显;而裂纹复合角则会受到加载角度及材料组配因素的影响。因此,在进行含应力复合型裂纹的焊接接头的COD断裂参量的计算时,必须考虑这些因素的综合影响作用。     

加载速率对焊接接头断裂行为的影响

在不同温度、不同加载速率下，对典型建筑结构用钢及其焊缝进行拉伸试验，测试其基本力学性能。采用能综合考虑加载速率及高加载速率下材料温度变化的R参量，确定本构关系。通过断裂力学试验，测试不同温度及加载速率下供试钢材及其焊接接头的断裂韧度值。随加载速率的增大，断裂韧度降低，但存在有较大的分散性。不同加载速率下裂纹尖端应力场数值分析结果表明，裂纹尖端最大主应力随加载速率的增大而升高。最后基于局部法，研究不同加载速率下母材及接头的断裂行为。局部断裂参量－－威布尔应力不受温度、加载速率的影响，可有效地描述材料的断裂行为。     

31Si2MnCrMoVE钢薄板试样表面裂纹断裂韧度测试

31Si2MnCrMoVE钢是为符合固体火箭发动机壳体设计需要而专门研制的超高强度钢。随着冶炼技术的进步,31Si2MnCrMoVE钢断裂韧度不断提高,构件采用的板厚也越来越薄。由于较高的断裂韧度和较小的板厚,给钢板表面裂纹断裂韧度测试带来困难,韧带尺寸偏小,难以满足有效性判据。这种情况下,不应该用线弹性断裂力学方法评价材料的断裂韧度,而应采用弹塑性断裂力学测试材料的延性断裂韧度JIC。基于以上原因,在条件断裂韧度不满足有效性判据的情况下,采用试验与有限元分析相结合的方法,通过试验测出裂纹启裂时的条件载荷,用有限元法计算出在条件载荷作用下的延性断裂韧度JIC,再用断裂力学理论转换成表面裂纹断裂韧度KIe。用JIC作为断裂参量,就必须分析J积分的有效性,因此讨论超高强度钢表面裂纹前缘的J守恒和J主导的有效性,从而为固体火箭发动机设计提供依据。     

CTOA断裂准则的发展及应用

对延性材料的稳态裂纹扩展机制和失稳断裂研究是断裂力学领域的重要研究方向之一。1973年Andersson在稳态裂纹扩展的有限元模拟中首次引进裂纹尖端张开角(CTOA)作为断裂准则,发现用CTOA作为断裂准则可有效地定量模拟稳态裂纹的扩展行为。近50年来,围绕CTOA断裂准则在描述裂纹扩展稳定性、影响因素、隧道效应、拘束效应,断裂过程有限元模拟等方面开展了广泛而深入的研究,并制定了确定CTOA的相关标准。CTOA作为断裂准则最大的优点在于采用二维和三维有限元分析,能准确模拟薄壁结构的稳态裂纹扩展行为,广泛适用于飞机机身、复杂的薄壁结构和长输管线等的裂纹扩展分析。就CTOA断裂准则的发展、标准化和应用等方面进行了简要综述,指出CTOA测量和应用中存在的主要问题和影响因素,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

复合型裂纹应力场分析

本文将应力强度因子理论放在裂纹应力场的精确解的基础上,来进一步审核目前以近似的奇性应力场为基础的应力强度因子理论的缺点和局限性。分析表明,裂纹问题中有许多重要的具有本质性的现象单凭应力场中的奇性主项是不能反映的。由于本文将应力强度因子理论置于闭合形式的精确解的基础上,因而就能够全面地分析裂纹应力场中的各种本质性现象,从而获得了比较完全的结果。用本文所提供的计算公式和所获得的结论可以作为进一步研究复合型断裂准则,双轴向载荷效应,小弹塑性裂纹应力场以及钝角裂纹应力场变化等重要断裂力学课题的理论分析基础     

加强筋对三维裂纹应力强度因子的影响

对含有表面裂纹的构件,采用加强筋进行局部加强可以阻止或延缓裂纹的扩展。应力强度因子是表征裂纹尖端应力应变场的重要参量,因此研究加强筋对表面裂纹应力强度因子的影响对于加强筋的设计具有十分重要的意义。运用断裂力学的理论,采用有限元分析方法,建立带加强筋的平板表面裂纹三维模型。在裂纹长度不同的情况下,以加强筋的位置、长度、宽度和厚度为参数,分析了不同参数对裂纹应力强度因子的影响。结果表明,应力强度因子与加强筋的位置、宽度及厚度有关,长度对其影响可以忽略。     

油气输送管线钢的分层机理及其对断裂的影响

对不同厚度油气输送管线钢进行各种裂纹的断裂试验，对各裂纹的断口进行了分析，探讨了分层机理及其对不同形式裂纹体承载能力的影响。结果表明，分层在各裂纹形式中均存在，此钢在室温为韧性断裂。对于非穿透裂纹，裂纹先起裂，穿透后情形就与穿透裂纹相似，由于扩展初期无分层，裂纹端部保持高的三维应力约束，所以其起裂应力强度比穿透裂纹要低。因此不能直接用穿透裂纹试验得到的断裂韧度值来评定管道中的非穿透裂纹起裂。     

T应力对复合型断裂韧度的影响

作为结构疲劳裂纹重要的断裂参数之一,应力强度因子可反映裂纹尖端应力场的强度。但实验发现,在求解断裂角时,裂纹尖端应力场中的T应力项对数值计算结果影响较大。文中采用Ansys 15.0中的相互作用积分法来求解应力强度因子和T应力,分析含裂纹结构的几何尺寸、载荷大小、初始裂纹长度和裂纹角对SIF和T应力的影响,对比考虑T应力后的最大周向应力准则MTS和传统的MTS,分析了T应力对裂纹扩展方向的影响。     

基于有限元法对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算分析

应力在裂纹尖端会出现无限大的奇异性,但应力强度因子K则为有限值,是表征裂尖应力场强弱的物理参量。采用J积分法,位移外推法和相互作用积分法等3种不同的方法计算断裂模型裂尖的K值,并研究了受力、裂纹长度、含裂纹构件的几何参数等对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响。结果表明3种方法模拟出的K值结果一致性较好,与应力强度因子手册值相比都能达到较高精度。对照3种方法,分析出各种方法的优胜劣汰,对应用数值法计算应力强度因子方法的选择具有借鉴和参照作用。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.