基于优化承载能力的RV减速器摆线齿轮齿廓的等距-移距修形

结合传统等距修形方法和移距修形方法,提出了一种基于优化承载能力的摆线轮齿廓的新型等距-移距组合修形方法。以工业机器人RV-40E减速器的摆线针轮为例,对其传动进行了力学分析,以最优承载能力为目标建立了摆线轮修形量搜寻数学模型,并采用格点法进行了优化,最终通过数值求解获得了等距-移距修形的摆线轮齿廓曲线。设计了摆线轮加工工艺,分别加工制造了等距-移距修形的摆线轮和作为对比验证的传统拟合转角修形摆线轮,并分别组装出RV减速器样机进行性能测试。试验结果表明:装有该等距-移距修形摆线轮的RV减速器的传动效率高达85%,相比于装有传统拟合转角修形摆线轮的RV减速器,该新型RV减速器在重载情况下的噪声和温升均显著降低,承载能力得到了明显提高。     

RV减速器摆线轮齿廓多目标修形的优化与研究

在RV减速器的修形过程中，存在难以保证RV减速器承载能力和传动精度能够综合提升的问题，且以往关于修形的研究大多数都是单目标修形，为此，提出了一种以RV减速器承载能力和回差为目标的优化方法，并使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。首先，考虑了摆线轮修形后的齿廓方程以及修形所需要RV减速器的具体参数，并对标准摆线轮产生的接触力进行了分析；然后，确定了摆线轮和针齿最大接触力的位置，得出了摆线轮齿作用力的计算方法；比较了摆线轮与针齿之间的初始啮合间隙以及摆线轮与针轮变形量的大小，对同时啮合的齿数进行了判断，采用MATLAB迭代计算的办法，计算了准确的最大接触力，并使用赫兹公式算出了最大接触力；最后，分析了不同的修形方式对回差的影响，并建立了多目标优化模型，采用改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ算法gamultiobj遗传算法进行了寻优，求解得到了最小适应度下的较优修形量；为验证该修形方法的准确性，使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。研究结果表明：经过优化后摆线轮齿间最大接触应力相较于等距修形和移距修形分别降低了11%和13%,优化后的回差为0.0...     

高精度RV减速器摆线轮修形理论研究

将二阶对数修形量沿法线方向叠加至RV减速器摆线轮的理论齿廓,推导出对数修形后的摆线轮齿廓方程。通过控制齿廓修形底数、齿廓修形系数,可达到控制齿廓曲线不同位置的修形量。提出的二阶对数齿廓修形方法与传统修形方法的不同点是:摆线轮主要参与啮合工作段齿廓更加逼近理论齿廓;二阶对数齿廓修形可使摆线针轮副重合度更大,传动误差曲线对称性更好,使摆线轮传动更加平稳。该修形方法具有优越性,为高精度RV减速器摆线轮的修形设计提供了新思路。     

机器人RV减速器摆线轮修形的理论研究

针对机器人RV减速器摆线轮,基于单齿无侧隙失配修形的理念,将二阶抛物线修形量沿法线方向直接叠加至摆线轮的理论共轭齿廓,推导了修形后摆线轮齿廓的齿面方程。通过控制齿廓修形系数,可控制齿廓曲线不同啮合位置的修形量。所提出的抛物线修形方法与传统的等距加移距组合修形方法不同点是:在摆线轮主要工作段,修形后的齿廓更加逼近完全共轭齿廓。在Matlab中编写了摆线针轮传动的TCA程序,形成了抛物线型传动误差,证明该修形方法的合理性,从而为RV减速器摆线轮的修形设计提供了新的思路。     

基于蒙特卡洛方法的摆线针轮接触刚度研究

为了更加准确地计算出摆线针轮的接触刚度,更好地指导实际应用,利用蒙特卡洛方法对其进行分析,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛方法的摆线针轮接触刚度计算方法.该方法分别建立了摆线轮齿轮齿廓修形前和摆线轮齿廓齿廓修形后的齿廓函数,探究了齿轮修形对摆线针轮接触刚度的影响,最后得到了较为准确的摆线针轮接触刚度的表达式.以工业机器人RV-40E减速器为例,通过计算实例表明,针对摆线轮的齿轮齿廓修形会改变摆线轮的接触刚度,摆线针轮接触刚度随着修形量的增加先减小后增大再减小.     

RV-550E型减速器摆线轮齿廓修形多目标优化设计

为获得综合性能最优的摆线轮齿廓,提出了一种摆线轮齿廓修形多目标优化设计方法。介绍了摆线轮的齿廓方程和修形理论,进行了摆线轮齿面接触力理论计算,建立了综合考虑摆线轮啮合特性和齿面接触力的双目标优化模型,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行多目标优化求解,并与单目标修形方法进行对比。研究结果表明,相比于摆线轮齿面接触力最小的优化方法,该方法与转角修形齿廓的拟合度提高了3. 99倍;相对于与转角修形齿廓拟合度最高的优化方法,该方法的齿面接触力减少了4. 98%,实现了摆线轮多目标综合最优,证明了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

摆线轮齿廓指数修形接触受力和传动精度研究

RV减速器因其精度高、效率高、体积小等优势,在机器人领域占主导地位。摆线轮作为RV减速器的关键部件,直接影响着RV减速器传动系统的各项性能。为了提高摆线针轮的啮合性能,将针齿半径构造为关于转角的指数函数进行修形,建立修形后的齿廓方程。结合算例,对比修形前后的摆线轮齿廓曲线和曲率半径,计算了修形后曲柄旋转0°～360°时摆线轮与针齿的接触压力和传动误差。指数函数修形在摆线轮工作段保持了理论齿廓曲线,克服了传统修形方法修形量偏大的问题,保证了啮合的平稳性,并提高了摆线轮的强度和传动的精度。     

RV减速器摆线轮齿廓修形建模与补偿研究

摆线轮齿廓是影响工业机器人核心部件—RV减速器性能的重要因素。为了使RV减速器能够精确传动,需要对摆线轮齿廓进行修形设计,从而补偿各种加工误差因素造成的齿廓误差。为此,提出了基于加工误差参数优化的摆线轮修形模型,以精确补偿实际与设计齿廓之间的误差。模型中的加工误差参数值是通过对实际加工齿廓的精确测量,设计一种回归算法,对误差数据进行回归优化而获得。利用提出的摆线轮修形模型得出的修形参数对齿廓进行加工测量,结果表明,与经验修形方法相比,实际加工齿廓与设计齿廓之间的误差值降低了50%,批量加工的齿廓误差也能保证在4μm以内。此方法实现了对摆线轮齿廓的精确修正,有效地提高了RV减速器的整体性能。     

基于接触应力均化的摆线轮修形方法

在传统组合修形的基础上,综合分析摆线轮传动精度和齿面接触应力,提出一种基于接触应力均化的摆线轮修形方法。将摆线针轮齿廓传动压力角最小的工作段作为修形量优化的区间,分析所需齿侧间隙,选定合理的转角修形量范围;以转角修形齿廓为目标齿廓,用等距和移距组合修形逼近方法确定相应的等距和移距修形量,并将其代入摆线轮传动受力方程,得到优化区间内同时啮合各齿之间接触应力分布方差;以同时啮合各齿之间接触应力分布方差最小为优化目标,在转角修形量范围内,搜索出最佳的转角修形量以及对应的组合修形量。仿真和试验结果表明,相较于传统方法,该方法能够提高传动精度,并显著改善齿面受力状况,延长摆线轮使用寿命。     

考虑摆线轮齿廓修形的RV减速器齿轮结构多目标优化设计

针对RV减速器结构设计过程中未考虑摆线轮齿廓修形对接触力变化的影响,提出了一种考虑摆线轮齿廓修形的RV减速器结构多目标优化设计方法。将齿廓修形理论与摆线轮接触应力计算结合起来,考虑体积、效率、接触应力等因素,建立了以体积小、效率高、摆线轮接触应力小为多目标函数的优化数学模型,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行求解,并与单目标优化方法进行比较。研究结果表明:相比于原始设计,RV减速器体积减小了21. 24%,效率提高了2. 03%,摆线轮接触应力降低了20. 26%,同时,多目标优化方法相较于单目标优化方法具有更高的综合性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...