基于Z-A模型的GH4169高温合金动态本构关系

采用分离式霍普金森压杆试验研究了GH4169高温合金在温度20~400℃和应变速率1 000~3 000s-1时的流变应力-应变曲线,利用Zerilli-Armstrong(Z-A)本构模型描述了流变应力与应变的关系,确定了本构模型的参数,并对该模型进行试验验证。结果表明:GH4169高温合金存在明显的应变速率强化效应和温度软化效应,流变应力和应变呈近线性关系;所建立的Z-A本构模型能够准确地描述GH4169高温合金在不同温度和不同应变速率下的流变行为,其平均相对误差的平均值为2.65%。     

GH4169合金的反常应力松弛行为

对GH4169合金在500,620,720℃下进行了应力松弛、蠕变和热膨胀试验,结合显微组织观察研究了合金的应力松弛行为。结果表明:在500℃和620℃应力松弛试验过程中,GH4169合金的应力随时间的延长反常增大,在蠕变过程中表现为负蠕变应变,而在720℃下合金的应力松弛和蠕变行为均正常;在不同温度热膨胀试验过程中,GH4169合金均出现了收缩现象;γ″相析出使得γ基体的晶格常数减小,是导致GH4169合金在620℃下应力反常增大的主要原因。     

GH4169合金不同热变形条件下的流变应力研究

在Gleeble－3500型热加工模拟试验机上进行了GH4169镍基合金的高温压缩试验,变形温度为980℃～1100℃、应变速率为0,01s^-1、0,1s^-1、1s^-1、10s^-1,变形程度为50％。通过绘制真应力一真应变曲线,研究了GH4169镍基高温合金高温下的流变应力行为。结果表明：GH4169是应变速率和变形温度敏感型材料,变形温度升高和应变速率减小使流变应力显著减小;在变形的初始阶段,流变应力迅速增加,在到达峰值后,随着应变的增加,流变应力逐渐下降,并趋于一稳定值。采用简化后的双曲正弦模型Arrhenius方程,建立了GH4169高温条件下的本构方程,运用该方程计算出的峰值应力与试验测量值相比,拟合度达到了95.95％。     

应力水平对In783合金蠕变性能和蠕变机制的影响

在620℃,对In783合金进行不同应力水平下的单轴拉伸蠕变试验,获得了该合金的Norton-Bailey本构参数;研究了应力水平对合金蠕变性能和蠕变机制的影响,并观察了合金在典型应力水平下的位错特征。结果表明:在不同应力水平下,合金的本构参数并不相同,高应力区的应力指数比低应力区的大;Norton-Bailey本构方程能较好地描述低应力区的蠕变曲线,但不能很好地描述高应力区的蠕变曲线;不同应力水平下本构参数不同的本质原因是蠕变机制不同,高应力区的蠕变机制以位错绕越第二相粒子为主,低应力区的蠕变机制以位错热激活攀移为主。     

6013-T4铝合金在不同温度和应变速率下的动态力学行为及数值模拟

采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对6013-T4铝合金在不同温度(25,200,300℃)和应变速率(1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000,5 000s-1)下进行了动态压缩试验,研究了该铝合金在冲击载荷作用下的动态力学行为,并采用试验拟合得到的Johnson-Cook本构方程,对动态冲击试验进行了数值模拟。结果表明:6013-T4铝合金具有明显的应变速率和应变硬化效应,动态流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;室温下合金的屈服强度对应变速率不敏感,但随变形温度的升高,屈服强度的应变速率敏感性增强;基于室温准静态与不同温度和应变速率下的动态真应力-真应变曲线,确定了铝合金的Johnson-Cook本构方程;不同温度和应变速率下真应力-真应变曲线的数值模拟结果与本构方程拟合和试验结果均吻合的较好。     

GH4169高温合金的动态力学行为及其本构关系

采用材料试验机对GH4169高温合金光滑试样与缺口试样进行应变速率为0.000 1～0.010 0s-1下的室温准静态拉伸试验,再利用分离式霍普金森拉、压杆装置进行温度为20～400℃、应变速率为1×102～4×103 s-1下的动态拉伸、压缩试验,得到准静态和动态下的真应力-真应变曲线与失效应变;根据试验数据,采用分步拟合法确定了Johnson-Cook材料模型和失效模型参数,基于Johnson-Cook模型对动态压缩行为进行模拟,并进行试验验证。结果表明:GH4169高温合金的屈服强度随应变速率的增大而增大,随试验温度的升高而降低,该合金具有应变速率强化效应和温度软化效应;模拟结果与试验结果吻合得较好,真应力-真应变曲线的最大相对误差为5.91%,表明经修正后的Johnson-Cook模型可较好地描述GH4169高温合金的动态力学行为。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金薄板应力松弛行为研究

针对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金薄板,分别在温度650℃、700℃和750℃,和预应变2%、4%和16%的条件下进行多组应力松弛交叉试验。研究Ti-6Al-4V钛合金高温下的应力松弛行为及温度和预应变对应力松弛极限的影响。并基于试验数据,对比分析阶次不同的延迟函数的拟合精度,最终采用精度更高的四次延迟函数进行Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的应力松弛曲线拟合。通过对比发现四次延迟函数预测的结果和试验数据十分吻合,并且拟合最低精度高达99.724%,证明使用四次延迟函数拟合应力松弛曲线的有效性。在试验数据的基础上,进一步推导出高温短时蠕变应变速率与应力的关系。最后基于Arrhenius本构模型,通过对各参数的线性回归,建立适合Ti-6Al-4V钛合金薄板的高温短时蠕变型本构方程,为后续热校形工艺制定和数值模拟奠定基础。     

铍青铜C17500应力松弛特性研究

铍青铜C17500作为超导材料用于电力连接器的弹簧触指。为了预防弹簧触指的应力松弛现象,从铍青铜材料本身应力松弛特性入手研究,建立基于Norton蠕变理论的单轴应力松弛模型,并结合Arrhenius理论进行模型改进。通过不同载荷和不同温度下的铍青铜应力松弛试验,拟合出改进的应力松弛本构方程,得出不同载荷和不同温度下模型参数的预测曲线,依据预测曲线实现对铍青铜材料在特定温度下不同应力水平的应力松弛特性分析。     

基于θ-映射法的ZSGH4169合金缺口试样蠕变变形模拟

基于ZSGH4169合金的蠕变试验数据,采用16参数的θ-映射法模型对蠕变曲线进行分析,获得本构方程参数,并以净截面应力作为参考标准,对不同缺口试样的蠕变行为及应力松弛现象进行了模拟分析。结果表明:θ-映射法模型通过获得的参数能够较为准确地描述ZSGH4169合金的蠕变行为;应力集中程度越高,试样缺口根部的蠕变变形越明显,应力松弛程度越高;应力集中系数较小时,缺口试样的蠕变变形向无缺口试样的趋近;引入应力集中系数(或最大应力)、应力梯度影响因子对传统蠕变模型进行修正,给出了缺口试样蠕变变形计算的一般表达式。     

GH4169合金塑性变形行为及加工图

通过GH4169合金的热模拟压缩实验,研究了变形工艺参数对GH4169合金高温变形时流动应力的影响规律,建立了GH4169合金高温变形时的加工图,结果表明：变形温度升高和应变速率减小使GH4169合金高温变形时峰值流动应力和稳态流动应力显著降低;GH4169合金高温变形时存在三个非稳定区域,第一个区域的变形温度在970～1030℃之间,应变速率在10．0～50．0s^-1之间;第二个区域的变形温度在930～940℃之间,应变速率在0．15～7．Os^-1之间;第三个区域的变形温度在930～960℃之间,应变速率在7．0～50．0s^-1之间的区域。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.