草酸沉淀法制备稀土抛光粉及其抛光性能

以稀土硫酸盐为原料,用草酸沉淀法制备了稀土草酸盐,然后在不同工艺下煅烧得到稀土氧化物(即稀土抛光粉);通过热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)仪、XRD、TEM、抛光机等研究了稀土草酸盐的热分解行为和稀土氧化物晶粒的晶化过程、微观形貌和抛光性能。结果表明:经不同温度煅烧后的稀土氧化物晶相均为立方CeO2,550℃煅烧3h得到结晶不完整的空心球形颗粒,而950℃煅烧则得到晶粒发育较完整、带有明显棱角的类球形实心颗粒;抛蚀速率随煅烧温度升高和保温时间延长而增加,但提高温度的效果更显著,经950℃煅烧3h的抛光粉的抛蚀速率最高,达到368nm·min-1。     

共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粉体工艺的优化

采用共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粉体,用正交试验、主因素分析试验设计技术对制备工艺中影响纳米颗粒粒径、饱和磁化强度的因素进行了研究,通过透射电镜和VSM振动磁强计对纳米颗粒的粒径、饱和磁化强度进行了表征.结果表明：NaOH溶液的加入速率和加入后的保温时间、油酸钠溶液的加入速率、反应温度和油酸钠溶液的加热温度对纳米磁性颗粒性能影响较大;得出了较佳的工艺参数并制备出了性能较理想的磁性粉体.     

锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米颗粒的制备及其粒径控制

采用水解-均相沉淀法在加入相同体积、不同浓度沉淀剂的溶液中,以四氯化钛为主要原料,制备了不同粒径的二氧化钛纳米颗粒.用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、比表面积分析仪、差热分析和紫外-可见光谱分析仪等,对所制备的纳米颗粒进行了表征.结果表明:随着沉淀剂浓度的不同,可制备出不同粒径的二氧化钛纳米颗粒,其粒径均匀,尺寸分布较窄,纯度高,晶型皆为单一的锐钛矿型.     

磁致驱动人工肌肉用Fe304纳米粉的制备及表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备了用于磁致驱动人工肌肉的Fe3O4纳米粉,经正交试验得到了最佳制备工艺参数,用XRD、TEM及振动样品磁强计等对其进行了表征.结果表明:产物平均粒径为9.7 nm,饱和磁化强度为60.9 A·m2·kg-1,具有超顺磁性;用Fe304纳米粉制备的磁致驱动人工肌肉的表面比用分析纯Fe3 O4制备的表面更加平滑、颗粒分布更趋均匀.     

化学法二步还原制备超细铜粉

以CuSO4溶液为原料,用葡萄糖作为预还原剂进行初步还原,用抗坏血酸进行二次还原,在不同的工艺参数下制备了超细铜粉;用激光粒度仪、SEM、XRD等对铜粉进行了表征.结果表明:较优的制备工艺为预还原时间90 min,溶液中Cu2+浓度0.2 mol·L-1,还原反应温度为80℃,溶液的pH值为14,葡萄糖浓度为0.05 mol.L-1,抗坏血酸浓度为0.025 mol·L-1;制备的铜粉平均粒径为8μm左右,粒径分布窄;铜粉形貌为各向生长均匀结晶良好的立方体、柱状或类球晶体;低温干燥后生成物为纯铜粉,未见Cu2O和CuO的特征峰.     

Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀工艺的优化

用化学镀的方法制备了Ni-P-纳米SiC复合镀层,并采用正交试验方法研究了Ni-P-纳米SiC复合镀的工艺中颗粒含量、超声时间、搅拌转速对镀速和硬度的影响.结果表明:随着颗粒含量和转速的增加镀速先上升后下降;随着颗粒含量和超声时间的增加硬度先增大后减小;在此基础上确定了其最佳工艺参数为SiC含量2 g·L-1,超声时间30 min,搅拌转速200 r·Min-1,在此条件下复合镀层显微硬度为714.81 HV,镀速为10.2 mg/(cm2·h).     

热重分析仪在研究纳米铁粉熔融特性中的应用

利用比表面积测试仪（BET ）和电子扫描电镜（SEM ）对纳米铁粉表面特性进行测定,利用热重分析仪（TGA）对50nm、100nm、500nm和20000nm铁粉在10℃· min-1、20℃· min-1、30℃· min-1和40℃· min-1升温速率下进行了热分析实验,得到纳米铁粉的表面微观结构、差示扫描量热曲线（DSC ）和热重曲线（T G ）,结果发现：粒径为50nm和100nm的铁粉在较低的温度下可能发生了相变,相变温度区间为260～350℃,而粒径为500nm和20000nm的铁粉在燃烧过程中则没有发生熔融,纳米金属粒径越小,越容易熔化。     

HP40钢表面沉积SiO2功能涂层工艺

以正硅酸乙酯为源物质,空气为载气,采用常压化学气相沉积法在HP40(25Cr35Ni)合金钢基体上制备了SiO2涂层;研究了沉积温度、源物质温度以及气体流量等工艺参数对沉积速率的影响,并通过XRD和SEM分析了涂层的物相组成及表面形貌.结果表明:用此方法可在HP40钢表面沉积出表面均匀致密且与基体具有一定结合强度的涂层,较合理的工艺参数为源物质温度60℃、沉积温度800℃、气体流量3.33 L·min-1.     

机械合金化结合冷压烧结工艺制备Al-20%Sn合金

首先用机械合金化方法制备了Al-20%Sn合金粉,然后采用不同的压制、烧结工艺将其制成块状合金;运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等研究了球磨及烧结工艺对Al-20%Sn合金显微组织的影响.结果表明:通过选用高的球磨转速(250 r·min-1)、大的球料比(30:1)和适当的球磨时间(40 h),可以获得细小锡相均匀弥散分布在铝中的合金粉;当烧结温度低于共晶温度时,锡相保持均匀分布,但当烧结温度超过共晶温度时,锡相明显长大且呈网状分布;高的压制压力(880MPa)和高的烧结气氛压力(5 MPa)可以有效抑制Al-20%Sn合金在烧结过程中的晶粒长大,保持细小锡相在铝基体中的均匀分布.     

喷雾热分解法制备超细SnO_2粉体及工艺参数优化

以SnCl4·5H2O为前驱体,采用喷雾热分解法制备了超细SnO2粉体,研究了反应温度、前驱体溶液浓度和载气流量等工艺参数对粉体粒径和形貌的影响,并对工艺参数进行了优化.结果表明:当反应温度为600℃、前驱体溶液浓度为0.6 mol·L-1、载气流量为124L·h-1时,得到的Sn02粉体平均粒径在1.4μm左右,粒度分布均匀,结晶度高,球形度好,空心破壳少.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.