涡流管制冷分析

对涡流管制冷本质并进行相关的试验研究,进行理论分析,以及对四流道喷嘴涡流管的速度和温度分布进行数值模拟,结果表明:涡流管内实际流场由轴向,径向和漩涡运动组成,其流动形态在轴向上为阿基米德螺线,在横截面上为强制涡—自由涡的模型;管内流体能量的分离主要发生在涡流室区域附近,且气体从喷嘴出来后有少量直接进入冷端孔与冷气流混合,从而影响涡流管制冷效率。     

涡流喷嘴反求技术研究

涡流喷嘴是涡流管的核心部件,其结构特征直接决定涡流管能量分离效果的好坏。基于逆向工程技术,以快速模具制造技术(RT)实现快速实物特征复制,获取完整的原型表面点云信息;以逆向工程(RE)技术完成喷嘴流道高精度重建;以正向再设计完成喷嘴的改进,找到优化喷嘴结构的设计方案。     

涡流管制冷的实验研究

通过对一涡流管制冷装置的实验研究，获得了涡流管制冷性能和入口气流状态，涡流室形状间的关系，提出了深入研究的方向。     

压力对涡流管性能影响的实验研究

采用自行设计的涡流管，并以空气作为工作介质，通过实验研究了在保持膨胀比不变的情况下，不同进口压力对涡流管性能的影响。实验结果表明：对于常温涡流管，在较小的膨胀比下，进口压力的改变对涡流管的制冷性能没有显著的影响；随着膨胀比的增加，进口压力的改变对涡流管制冷性能的影响也变得越来越显著。膨胀比为3时，进口压力的增加基本不影响涡流管的制冷性能，而膨胀比为6时，随着进口压力的增加，涡流管的制冷性能显著提高。     

涡流管的三维数值模拟及其实验研究

涡流管是一种没有任何运动部件的简单的能量分离装置,它能够将高压气体分离为温度不同冷热两股气流。对涡流管的性能的影响因素很多,例如进气压力,进气口的温度,长径比,冷流率以及涡流管的结构参数等。为了研究不同因素对涡流管性能的影响,以达到提高涡流管的效率的目的。用三维数值模拟的方法和实验相结合,主要研究进气口压力和冷流率的变化对涡流管的性能的影响。结果表明随着进气口压力的增加,涡流管的效率不断增加;同时当冷流率在(0.6~0.7)范围时,此时的冷却效率有最大值。     

基于自激振荡脉冲效应的雾化喷嘴出口流道空化特性研究

喷嘴结构及射流运动参数对液体空化流动状态有重要影响。基于空化泡溃灭的雾化机理和自激振荡脉冲喷嘴出口流道空化过程,分析空化效应对自激振荡脉冲射流雾化效果的影响。依据自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴结构,分析射流来流速度和脉动压力对喷嘴出口流道空化效应的影响,提出利用来流雷诺数和脉动特征值表征喷嘴出口流道空化程度,并根据自激振荡脉冲喷嘴有限元分析得到喷嘴出口流道较好空化状态的来流雷诺数和喷嘴腔室长径比。研究结果表明:当来流雷诺数在2.14×10~5~3.05×10~5内逐渐增大时,自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴出口流道液相体积分数先减小后增大,相应的空化程度先增大后减小。雷诺数在2.44×10~5~2.75×10~5内可以使喷嘴出口流道形成较好空化效应,尤其在2.44×10~5附近时喷嘴出口流道出现最好的空化状态;脉动特征值与喷嘴出口流道处脉动压力幅值差成正比,随着自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴腔室长径比增大,脉动压力幅值差值先减小后增大。当喷嘴腔室长径比为0.60~0.70时,喷嘴出口流道空化状态较好。计算结果为自激振荡脉冲射流雾化喷嘴设计提供了理论依据。     

空气涡流制冷及在切削冷却中的应用

在机械零件的切削加工中，由于种种原因常常不能使用液体进行冷却，而使用压缩空气直接吹冷，又会产生噪声、切屑乱飞等环境公害，而且有时冷却效果也不好，所以这时需要采用其他方法进行切削冷却。笔者研究了空气涡流制冷方法，使用工厂内既有的压缩空气将其接入涡流管，利用涡流产生的“兰克效应”。在冷气出口端产生零下十几度的低温气流用以冷却切削加工区域，而且还可通过调节进气压力、流量来改变冷气流温度和冷气流量，为特殊情况下工作的刀具冷却开辟了～条新的途径。1涡流管冷却作用原理［1］压缩空气由喷嘴以跨声速切向高速射入涡…     

涡流管内温度分布试验研究

涡流管内气体能量分离过程的突出表现是温度沿轴向、径向的分布,因而获得管内温度场分布是揭示涡流管内气体能量分离物理机制的首要问题和关键问题.根据管内三维强旋转流场特点,设计涡流管测温方案,利用自制微型热电偶对其内部温度场进行试验测量,获得了不同冷气流率条件下的温度场分布特性.研究表明:所制作的微型热电偶能够满足试验要求,试验结果能够很好地反映涡流管内温度场的分布规律,从而为进一步深入研究涡流管的能量分离机理创造条件.     

收缩喷嘴内部流道型线对射流流场的影响

为研究收缩喷嘴内部流道形成对射流流场的气体动特性参数的影响，根据可压缩流体轴对称N-S方程，采用非结构网格和二阶精度的有限体积法，对不同内部流道形线的喷嘴自由射流进行数值模拟。亚声速射流采用RNGk-ε湍流模型，超声速射流采用S-A湍流模型，计算结果与实验较吻合。在亚声速流动中，收缩喷嘴的收缩角大小会影响其对射流的阻滞效果，内部流道形线设计为维多辛斯基曲线可以获得更好的流场动特性参数，有利于提高喷嘴的工作效率。在超声速流动中，喷嘴流道型线对出口膨胀波的角度与强弱影响较大，要根据射流的有效作用区域选择合适的喷嘴，才能使能量的损失最小。若要获得较佳的外部流场参数，优化喷嘴内部流道设计十分重要。     

收缩喷嘴内部流道型线对射流流场的影响

为研究收缩喷嘴内部流道形成对射流流场的气体动特性参数的影响，根据可压缩流体轴对称N－S方程，采用非结构网格和二阶精度的有限体积法，对不同内部流道形线的喷嘴自由射流进行数值模拟。亚声速射流采用RNGk-ε湍流模型，超声速射流采用S－A湍流模型，计算结果与实验较吻合。在亚声速流动中，收缩喷嘴的收缩角大小会影响其对射流的阻滞效果，内部流道形线设计为维多辛斯基曲线可以获得更好的流场动特性参数，有利于提高喷嘴的工作效率。在超声速流动中，喷嘴流道型线对出口膨胀波的角度与强弱影响较大，要根据射流的有效作用区域选择合适的喷嘴，才能使能量的损失最小。若要获得较佳的外部流场参数，优化喷嘴内部流道设计十分重要。     

The Effects of Orifice Nozzle Number on Heating and Cooling Performance of Vortex Tubes: An Experimental Study

Abstract

In this study, the effects of the orifice nozzle number and the inlet pressure on the heating and cooling performance of the counter flow type vortex tube is investigated experimentally. The orifices are produced using the polyamide plastic material. Five orifices with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 nozzles are manufactured. In this study, air is used as a fluid. In the experiments, for each of the orifices, inlet pressures were adjusted from 150 kPa to 700 kPa with 50 kPa increments and the energy separation was investigated. During the experiments, cold mass fraction of the vortex tube that L/D ratio is 15, is held constant at 0.5. At the end of the experimental study, it is noted that the temperature gradient between the cold and hot fluid is decreased with increasing of the orifice nozzle number.     

涡流管类比逆流换热器方法的研究

结合Scheper，Lewins和Bejan的理论模型，对涡流管类比逆流换热器模型进行了深入地分析，得出了冷流分量对温度分离效应的函数关系式，为了解涡流管机理和实验中强化涡流管温度分离效应提供了理论依据。     

斜截半椭圆柱面涡发生器在管道中的传热数值模拟研究

管内设置一种斜截半椭圆柱面涡发生器,利用计算软件F luent进行数值模拟研究,研究以烟气为加热介质,冷空气为冷却介质的换热方式在不同Re数下不同攻角和倾角的传热及阻力特性,并与光管进行了对比。结果表明:斜截半椭圆柱面涡发生器能明显提高换热性能,在所研究的纵向涡发生器中,攻角为60°,倾角为15°时,涡发生器强化传热综合效果最佳。     

多孔射流式通风的流场特性分析

为了分析多孔射流风机作用下风场的流场特性,文中采用CFD方法,对多孔射流式风场模型内部流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了不同喷嘴数量及排布方式对流场性能的影响,并引入涡动力学理论,分析了流场内涡结构的分布发展规律及其对流体掺混的影响。结果表明：喷嘴的数量及排布方式对流场性能有显著影响,外围喷嘴会对中心喷嘴的流动起到限制作用;流向涡对流体掺混效果的作用比展向涡大,在涡量一定的情况下,流向涡尺度越大、衰减越快,流体间的混合效果越好,流场稳定性越高。流场内速度及涡动力学分布表明,流场稳定性随着喷嘴数量的增加而显著提高,因此在保证经济性的前提下应尽量采用数量多的喷嘴排布方式。     

基于AT89C52单片机的涡流管控制系统

介绍了基于AT89C52单片机的涡流管控制系统的设计，包括系统硬件和软件的设计。在系统中，对单片机编程实现了四相步进电机的转向及定位控制，再由步进电机驱动涡流管热端阀改变其开度，从而达到控制涡流管冷流率及出口温度的目的。     

Interference effects of three sonic nozzles of different throat diameters in the same meter tube

For calibration of a large capacity gas flow meter, a sonic nozzle bank may be used as a reference system. International standards (ISO9300:1990) allow installation of a single nozzle in a meter tube as a flow transfer standard. For multiple nozzles in a single tube, the effect of interference between sonic nozzles and the chamber wall must be measured to predict the discharge coefficient of a nozzle array from those of single nozzles. The interference effect between neighboring nozzles can be additional error sources in mass flow measurement. Sonic nozzles with three different throat diameters (d=4.3, 8.1, and 13.4 mm) were tested in a single meter tube in three geometrical arrangements. The mass flow rate was measured against a primary gas flow standard system. Three installation plates for sonic nozzles were made to vary the distance between nozzles and distance from the chamber wall. Discharge coefficients of the three individual nozzles were in agreement with the ISO recommended equation within ±0.2%. Discharge coefficients of the nozzle bank calculated from those of the individual sonic nozzle were the same as the direct measurements within ±0.098% at the 95% confidence level for all cases. For these experiments, the results were not influenced by the proximity of the tube wall or the interaction of the nozzles.     

Dynamic characteristics of an unsteady flow through a vortex tube

Dynamic flow characteristics of a counter-flow vortex tube is investigated using hot-wire and piezoelectric transducer (PZT) measurements. The experimental study is conducted over a range of cold air outlet ratios (Y=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0) and inlet pressure 0.15 MPa. Temperatures are measured at the cold air outlet and along the vortex tube wall. Hot-wire is located at cold outlet and PZT is installed at inner vortex tube by mounting at throttle valve. The cold outlet temperature results show that the swirl flow of vortex tube is not axisymmetric. The hot-wire and PZT results show that there exist two distinct kinds of frequency, low frequency periodic fluctuations and high frequency periodic fluctuations. It is found that the low frequency fluctuation is consistent with the Helmholtz frequency and the high frequency fluctuation is strongly related with precession oscillation.     

Experimental and Numerical Studies in a Vortex Tube

The present investigation deals with the study of the internal flow phenomena of the counter flow type vortex tube using experimental testing and numerical simulation. Visualization was carried out using the surface tracing method, injecting dye on the vortex tube wall using a needle. Vortex tube is made of acrylic to visualize the surface particle tracing and the input air pressure was varied from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa. The experimentally visualized results on the tube show that there is an apparent sudden changing of the trajectory on the vortex tube wall which was observed in every experimental test case. This may indicate the stagnation position of the vortex flow. The visualized stagnation position moves towards the vortex generator with increase in cold flow ratio and input pressure. Three-dimensional computational study is also conducted to obtain more detailed flow information in the vortex tube. Calculated total pressure, static pressure and total temperature distributions in the vortex tube were in good agreement with the experimental data. The computational particle trace on the vortex tube wall is very similar to that observed in experiments.