环己氧基硼酸镧的摩擦学性能研究

以硼砂为原料合成了环己氧基硼酸镧,采用ＭＳ－８００Ａ摩擦试验机和ＨＱ－１摩擦磨损试验机研究了其抗磨减摩性,并采用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱仪（ＸＰＳ）分析了磨斑表面膜表面组成和价态。实验结果表明,环己氧基硼酸镧具有良好的抗磨减磨性。其作用机理可能是环己氧基硼酸镧在摩擦过程上分解为三氧化二和三氧化二硼等反应物膜,从而起到了抗磨减摩作用。     

非硫磷有机钨与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的抗磨协同效应

合成一种不含硫磷的有机钨添加剂,采用四球试验机考察非硫磷有机钨与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)在聚α烯烃基础油中的抗磨减摩性能及协同作用,并使用扫描电子显微镜分析非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP的抗磨协同作用机制。结果表明:所合成的非硫磷有机钨在低载荷下在基础油中具有一定的减摩抗磨效果,但在高载荷下抗磨减摩性能较差;而非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP在高载荷下表现出优异的抗磨协同效应。非硫磷有机钨与ZDDP能够提高基础油抗磨减摩性能的原因是高温摩擦时在摩擦表面生成了含S和W的化合物。     

二次包络蜗轮副润滑油极压抗磨剂的选用研究

二次包络蜗轮副是一种新型的蜗轮蜗杆传动副，目前仍没有适用的润滑油．为研制其润滑油，本文选用传统的硫型抗磨添加剂、自制的有机铜抗磨剂和有机硼抗磨剂，在ＨＱ－１型摩擦磨损试验机上与蜗轮副材料进行配伍性研究，测出Ｐ—Ｖ曲线；在滚滑两用摩擦磨损试验机上测出与蜗轮副材料配合时的胶合温度；在ＭＱ—８００型四球机上测出磨损系数，结果表明：有机铜抗磨添加剂和有机硼抗磨添加剂对蜗轮副显示出较好的减摩、抗磨和抗胶合性能，传统的硫型抗磨添加剂不适合蜗轮副．本文还应用Ｘ射线光电子能谱仪和俄歇电子能谱仪对试件表面膜进了化学结构分析，为二次包络蜗轮副润滑油极压抗磨剂的正确选用提供科学依据．     

SPN型添加剂对岩石／钢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

本文考察了含ＳＰＮ型添加剂的乳化液型水基润滑剂对４５钢－石灰岩摩擦副的摩擦学性能的影响。在销盘实验机进行的摩擦学实验显示这种添加剂有一定的减摩抗磨作用,用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和Ｘ射线光电能谱（ＸＰＳ）对摩擦副进行表面分析表明有硫磷氮等化合物的形成。     

S-N型润滑添加剂的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成一种新型环境友好型、无灰、非磷极压抗磨剂——含羟基二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸衍生物(DDCSD)。采用红外光谱仪对其结构进行表征,利用热分析仪考察其热稳定性,使用四球试验机及SRV考察其在复合锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜及X射线光电子能谱分析摩擦表面形貌及表面化学成分。结果表明,DDCSD具有良好的热稳定性,能有效提高基础脂的抗磨、减摩及极压性能,可作为多功能润滑油脂添加剂ZDDP的替代品。这是由于DDCSD在摩擦过程中发生化学吸附及摩擦化学反应,在金属表面上形成了一层具有抗磨减摩性能的边界润滑膜,从而起到抗磨减摩的作用。     

二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼的极压抗磨性能

采用四球机考察了二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（MoDTC）在150SN基础油中的极压抗磨性能，及其与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）、亚甲基双二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸酯（双DTC）添加剂的抗磨协同效应，并对MoDTC抗磨作用机制进行了分析研究。结果表明，MoDTC在基础油具有良好的极压抗磨性能，与ZnDDP、双DTC表现出了良好的抗磨协同效应，特别是与ZnDDP表现出了非常好的抗磨协同效应，这可能是ZnDDP有助于MoDTC在摩擦表面形成更多的MoS2。     

化学结构对二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镧摩擦学性能的影响

为研究新型油溶性稀土极压抗磨添加剂二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸镧(LaDTCs)的结构与性能关系,合成了9种含不同碳原子数的伯、仲烷基LaDTCs.利用四球试验机考察了其在500SN基础油中的摩擦磨损性能和极压性能,并探讨了烷基碳链的长短和伯、仲烷基结构对LaDTCs性能的影响.结果表明,含2～8碳烷基的LaDTCs均具有较好的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能.随着碳原子数的增加,LaDTCs的摩擦学性能明显提高,其中伯烷基LaDTCs的抗磨减摩性能优于仲烷基LaDTCs;含仲烷基的LaDTCs极压性能优于含伯烷基的LaDTCs.     

二烷基二硫代磷酸盐的制备及抗磨性能

本文制备了四种新型的水溶性二烷基二硫代磷酸盐极压抗磨剂,并测定了其抗磨性能。结果表明,带支链及环状结构的添加剂极压抗磨性能最好。由斯本－６０所制得的二烷基二硫代磷酸盐极压抗磨剂的１％水溶液的ＰＢ值达７４４Ｎ,Ｄ１５＾３９２为０．３４ｍｍ。     

硼类化合物极压抗磨润滑油添加剂的研究进展

对硼类化合物润滑添加剂的制备、性能和研究现状进行了总结，着重介绍了其摩擦学性能、抗磨减摩作用和摩擦化学机理，特别是渗硼作用、稀土元素对渗硼的催化作用、添加剂问的协同抗磨减摩作用；给出了提高其抗水解性能的方法，如对硼酸盐进行表面修饰、在有机硼酸酯分子中引人钛原子；简单介绍了多功能硼类化合物润滑油添加剂和硼化硫代磷酸酯；指出了硼类添加剂的环境污染效应。     

一种含杂环二硫醚硼酸酯衍生物的摩擦学行为

在硼酸酯结构中引入含杂环的二硫醚基团,合成一种含二硫代苯并噻唑基团的硼酸酯衍生物。通过研究其摩擦学行为发现,与ZDDP相比,该化合物在菜籽油中展现出更优异的承载性能,并具有极优异的减摩效果,但抗磨效果略差。XPS分析表明,该化合物在摩擦磨损过程中形成含FeSO4及FeS2的反应层和含B2O3或有机硼化合物以及部分未完全反应活性硫的吸附层。这些吸附层、反应层共同组成的边界润滑膜可减少摩擦磨损。     

矿物质润滑油添加剂对钢/铝锡合金摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

利用销盘式磨损试验机研究了一种矿物质润滑油添加剂对钢/铝锡合金摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响,并考察了这种添加剂对实际工况下铝锡合金轴瓦的作用效果。采用AFM、SEM/EDS等仪器对摩擦副表面进行了分析。结果表明,矿物质添加剂在低载荷比高载荷条件下的减摩抗磨效果明显;试验时间越长,添加剂的作用越充分,圆盘表面的Al-Sn共晶体的分布越分散,减摩效果越明显;添加剂降低了摩擦表面的粗糙度,显著地提高了摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能,延长了使用寿命;添加剂作用后的摩擦表面发现了少量的Fe元素,并发现个别添加剂粒子和磨损粒子在铝锡合金表面的镶嵌和沉积,添加剂提高了其承载能力。     

纳米碳球作为合成酯抗磨剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用表面化学改性的方法得到硬脂酸修饰的纳米碳球,在四球摩擦试验机上考察纳米碳球在合成酯类润滑油中的抗摩擦性能,探讨纳米碳球的抗磨与润滑机制。结果表明,通过表面改性,显著提高纳米碳球在润滑油中的分散稳定性;纳米碳球作为合成酯润滑油抗磨剂表现出优良的抗磨减摩性能;在转速1.200 r/min,载荷150 N的实验条件下,质量分数0.07%的改性纳米碳球可使三羟甲基丙烷混酸酯平均摩擦因数减小幅度达到30%左右,磨损率降低33%,质量分数0.15%的改性纳米碳球可使季戊四醇油酸酯的平均摩擦因数降低幅度达到50%以上,磨损率降低14.6%     

有机钼复合添加剂摩擦磨损性能的研究

以合成的有机钼与碱性石油磺酸钙按一定的配比，制备了复合添加剂加入到基础润滑油中，在四球摩擦试验机上测试了其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，这种复合添加剂可使基础油的摩擦系数显著降低，可较大地提高基础油的承载能力和抗磨损性能，并有效地抑制温升。     

Research on the Mechanism and Activity of Antimony Thioantimonate in Tribological Systems

This paper presents the tribological wear results of antimony thioantimonate with molybdenum sulphide and/or graphite composite bonded solid films. The bonded solid film containing only antimony thioantimonate does not form an antiwear film. It was concluded that the antimony thioantimonate in the presence of MoS₂ had a graphite effect on the antiwear properties of composite solid film. During electrochemical research it was observed that particles of antimony thioantimonate in organic solvents, unlike other composite components, had a bipolar character. The electrochemical behaviour of this additive in rubbing contact influenced the tribological properties of composites suspended in liquid organic compound. On the basis of the surface topography and the SEM/EDS analysis of surface layers it was found that antiwear layers were formed by tribological conversion of antimony thioantimonate. The effect of applied load on the antiwear properties of antimony thioantimonate was observed. At the lower loads tested this additive decomposes by tribofragmentation, and reproducible triboreaction layers consisting mainly of metal sulphides were formed. At higher loads sulphide reaction layers are formed and removed from the friction zone and antiwear diffusion-alloy layers were formed.     

ZnO纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学作用机理

通过实验研究了 Zn O纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学特性 ,提出了作用机理模型。在润滑油中同时加入 Zn O纳米微粒和分散剂可显著改善润滑油的耐磨减摩性能。其作用机理是 ,分散剂吸附在 Zn O纳米微粒团簇表面 ,然后共同吸附在摩擦副表面 ,在剪切力的作用下 ,Zn O纳米微粒团簇分割成更小的单元 ,当载荷继续增大时 ,Zn O纳米微粒处于熔化或半熔化状态 ,从而起到降低磨损 ,减小摩擦的作用     

微球材料作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究——粒径分布的影响

以未处理空心微球材料为原料制备粒度分布均匀集中的空心微球材料,用硅烷偶联剂对其进行表面改性处理,使其具有良好的亲油性。用HQ-1环块试验机在高速低载荷和低速高载荷2种工况下,测定了所制备的空心微球材料作为500SN基础油添加剂的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:经处理后的空心微球材料可以显著提高500SN基础油的抗磨减摩性能;经处理后的空心微球材料的抗磨减摩性能好于未处理空心微球材料,表明粒径分布对摩擦学性能有显著影响。     

Additives for Rape Seed Oil 1: Preparation and Tribological Behaviour of a Sulphurised Rape Seed Oil Lubricant Additive

A new type of environmentally friendly lubricant additive ‐ a sulphurised rape seed oil additive ‐ was prepared, and the chemical structure characterised using infrared spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the additive in a rape seed base oil were evaluated using a friction tester. The morphologies and tribochemical species of worn surfaces were analysed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the additive increased the load‐carrying capacity and improved the antiwear and friction‐reducing properties of the rape seed oil. The inferred lubrication mechanism is that a high‐strength adsorption film and a tribochemical reaction film form on rubbing surfaces due to the carrier effect of the long‐chain rape seed oil molecules, the high reactivity of sulphur, and their synergism.     

Synthesis of molybdenum polyisobutenyl succinate (MoPIBS) and a study of its tribological characteristics

In view of the increasing awareness of the need for environmental protection, it is considered important to have more low‐ or non‐phosphorus additives in engine oils. To this end, molybdenum polyisobutenyl succinate (MoPIBS) was synthesised and its structure investigated using spectroscopy. The antiwear and friction‐reducing behaviour of MoPIBS as an oil additive was investigated and compared to that of zinc dialkyldithio‐phosphate (ZnDDP) using a four‐ball tester. The results indicated that MoPIBS in white oil exhibits very good antiwear and friction‐reducing properties, better than those of ZnDDP, but that the load‐carrying capacity is poorer than that of ZnDDP. The worn surfaces were investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the boundary lubrication film on the worn surfaces was mainly composed of MoO₃ and Fe₂O₃, which contributed to improving the tribological properties of MoPIBS as an additive in white oil.     

有机多硫化物润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能

合成一种有机多硫化物(OP),用红外光谱仪对其结构进行分析,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机及SRV试验机考察其在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能。结果表明:添加剂OP具有优良的极压性能,并且在微动摩擦磨损试验机中表现出良好的抗磨减摩作用。用X射线光电子能谱仪对试球表面分析可知,有机多硫化物与金属表面发生化学反应,生成了含硫边界润滑膜,从而起到极压抗磨减摩的作用。     

Friction and wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy against steel lubricated with N‐ and S‐containing organic borates

The friction reduction and antiwear properties of a range of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing organic borates as oil additives in mineral oil were assessed using a Timken tester with a bearing steel ring against an AZ91D magnesium alloy block. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were employed to examine the boundary film formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy block. The results show that the borate additives were effective at reducing the wear of magnesium. The acting mechanism of borate, which acted as additive in the magnesium‐on‐steel tribological system, was proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.