基于VMD-MDE和ELM的柱塞泵微弱故障诊断

针对早期微弱故障信号易受噪声干扰、难以提取和识别的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)多尺度散布熵(multiscale dispersion entropy,简称MDE)和极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)的柱塞泵微弱故障诊断方法。首先,采集各状态的振动信号进行VMD分解,得到若干模态分量,根据各模态分量Hilbert包络谱中特征频率能量贡献率大小,提出以归一化特征能量占比(feature energy ratio,简称FER)为重构准则的变分模态分解特征能量重构法(variational mode decomposition feature-energyreconsitution,简称VMDF),对各模态分量进行信号重构;其次,计算重构信号的MDE,对各尺度散布熵进行分析,选择有效尺度散布熵作为特征向量;最后,将提取的特征向量输入ELM完成故障模式识别。柱塞泵不同程度滑靴端面磨损故障的实验结果表明,该方法不仅提高了模式识别效率,还可以更好地反映故障程度变化规律,具有较好的应用性。     

IEWT和FSK在齿轮与滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

改进的经验小波变换方法(improved empirical wavelet transform,简称IEWT)是一种新的自适应性信号处理方法,将这种方法和快速谱峭度(fast spectral kurtosis,简称FSK)相结合,进行齿轮与滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先,采用IEWT对信号进行分解,筛选出故障特征最为明显的2个分量并重构信号;其次,对重构信号进行快速谱峭度滤波;最后,对滤波后的信号进行包络谱分析,提取出信号的故障特征。分析齿轮断齿及滚动轴承故障信号,与直接包络谱和基于EMD经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法的FSK滤波包络谱分析方法相比可知,采用IEWT处理后再进行FSK滤波的信号进行包络谱分析更具有区分性,可有效识别齿轮和滚动轴承的故障特征。     

基于LMD能量特征的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的多载波多调制特性,提出一种基于局域均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)能量特征的特征向量提取方法,并与支持向量机相结合用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先,采用LMD方法将复杂调制振动信号分解为若干单分量信号乘积函数(production function,简称PF);然后,对反映信号主要特征的PF基于时间轴积分,得到各PF分量能量矩并构造特征向量;最后,将其输入多分类支持向量机中,用于区分滚动轴承的故障类型与故障程度。对滚动轴承内圈故障、外圈故障及滚动体故障振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承各工作状态信号的故障特征,能准确识别故障类型,同时对故障程度的判断表现出较高的识别率。     

一种改进的LCD滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了有效提取出滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,提出一种基于分段三次Hermite插值?局部特征尺度分解PCHIP?LCD的故障特征提取方法.采用分段三次Hermite插值代替LCD中的三次样条插值(Cubic spline interpolation,CSI),提出了改进的LCD方法,完成振动信号x(t)分解,获得若干内禀尺度分量(Intrinsic scale components,ISCs);建立基于峭度和相关系数K?C组合权重指标的有效ISCs分量筛选规则,完成ISCs分量的选择和重构,获得重构信号xnew(t);对重构信号xnew(t)进行Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,TEO)解调分析,获得TEO解调能量谱图,进而实现滚动轴承的故障特征提取.结果表明,该方法可增强对信号的包络拟合能力,提高信号的分解精度.     

基于EWT和多尺度熵的高压断路器故障诊断

提出了一种以经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)和多尺度熵相结合的高压断路器振动信号的特征向量提取和故障诊断的分析方法。首先,将高压断路器的振动信号进行经验小波变换,得到内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),选择相关系数较大的IMF进行重构;其次,提取重构信号的多尺度熵作为表征断路器状态的特征向量,采用归一化的方法对特征向量进行预处理并以此作为支持向量机(support vector machine,简称SVM)的输入向量进行分类训练;最后,将测试样本信号故障特征输入训练好的SVM,在SVM核函数参数进行网格算法优化的基础上进行状态识别及分类。实验结果表明,该方法可快速准确地检测高压断路器故障,实现了断路器故障的状态识别。     

总体局部特征尺度分解及ELM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承非平稳性的振动信号,提出了基于总体局部特征尺度分解(Ensemble Local Characteristic-scale Decomposition,ELCD)及极限学习机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对振动信号进行ELCD分解,获得一系列内禀尺度分量(Intrinsic Scale Component,ISC);其次,根据分解后ISC分量计算时域指标、能量、相对熵,利用特征评估法提取敏感特征;最后,将敏感特征向量输入极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)进行训练与测试,从而识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对实验信号的分析表明,该方法能够有效的诊断出滚动轴承不同的工作状态,且效果较局部特征尺度分解方法好。     

APLCD-WPT在滚动轴承特征提取算法中的应用

针对滚动轴承特征频率提取问题,提出自适应部分集成局部特征尺度分解(adaptive partly-ensemble local charact-eristic-scale decomposition,简称APLCD)与小波包变换(wavelet package transform,简称WPT)结合的APLCD-WPT方法。首先,利用APLCD对滚动轴承振动信号进行处理,通过添加幅值随频率变化的噪声改善信号极值点分布,再提取内禀尺度分量(intrinsic mode component,简称ISC);其次,对ISC分量中模态混淆部分使用WPT进行修正,提取滚动轴承特征频率信号。应用提出方法对实测的卧式螺旋离心机振动信号进行研究,结果表明,基于APLCD-WPT的算法能够有效地解决模态混淆问题,实现特征频率信号的精确提取。     

基于分段线性分类器的滚动轴承的故障识别

为了解决滚动轴承的特征提取和故障特征的模式分类问题,提出了一种应用小波包变换和线性分类器相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断的识别方法。根据轴承振动信号的频域变化特征,首先对滚动轴承振动信号进行三层小波包分解,提取第三层各个终节点系数的能量作为特征向量,然后将特征向量输入由线性判别式构成的分段线性分类器中进行故障的模式分类和识别,最后在滚动轴承试验台上实测故障。试验表明,分段线性分类器可以有效地识别轴承的故障模式。     

基于局域均值分解包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

论述了局域均值分解(Local mean decomposition,LMD)的定义和算法。结合局域均值分解、包络分析和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的各自特点,提出了一种基于LMD包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,该方法先对滚动轴承振动信号进行分解,得到一系列的生产函数分量,然后,再对前面几个生产函数分量进行包络分析,从包络谱中提取特征幅值比作为特征向量输入到SVM分类器中进行识别。实验结果验证了提出的方法的有效性,可以有效地识别滚动轴承的不同故障。     

基于LCD和多重分形去趋势波动分析的故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号非线性、非平稳性以及故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,LCD)和多重分形去趋势波动分析(multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis,MFDFA)的故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用LCD将振动信号分解成不同尺度下的内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale component,ISC)。其次,对包含主要信息的前几个ISC分量进行MF-DFA分析,并选取每个ISC分量的Hurst指数作为故障特征。然后,采用线性局部切空间排列(liner local tangent space alignment,LLTSA)对故障特征进行降维以获得对故障敏感的低维特征。最后,利用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对提取特征进行分类识别。滚动轴承的故障诊断实验表明,所提方法能够有效地识别滚动轴承的典型故障,具有一定的优势。     

局部特征尺度分解和局部切空间排列在故障特征频率提取中的应用

为了从非线性、非平稳的振动信号中提取故障特征频率,提出了一种故障特征频率提取新方法。该方法将局部特征尺度分解和流形学习算法局部切空间排列相结合,首先利用局部特征尺度分解将振动信号分解成若干个内禀尺度分量,将其组成多维特征向量;其次采用流形学习算法中的局部切空间排列对多维特征向量进行降维处理,得到低维特征向量,对得到的低维特征向量进行信号重构;最后采用频谱分析方法对重构信号进行故障特征频率的提取。在滚动轴承故障试验中,所提出方法能够准确提取出内圈和外圈故障的特征频率,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进谐波小波包分解的滚动轴承复合故障特征分离方法

为解决滚动轴承单通道振动信号中复合故障特征难以分离的问题,提出了基于改进谐波小波包分解的轴承复合故障特征分离方法。首先,改进了二进谐波小波包分解方法,提出了连续谐波小波包分解方法,克服了信号分解后子带个数和带宽范围受二进制划分的缺陷;然后,采用谐波窗分解提取信号中频率成分集中的频段,根据轴承各单点故障特征频率确定分解层数,进行连续谐波小波包分解,利用能量算子包络解调得到子带信号中各个单点故障的权重因子;最后,重构轴承各单点故障信号,实现复合故障的特征分离和提取。对仿真信号和实测轴承内、外圈复合故障信号分析的结果表明,该方法能将轴承单通道复合故障信号分解到不同的通道中,实现了复合故障特征的分离,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

A roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on hierarchical entropy and support vector machine with particle swarm optimization algorithm

Targeting the non-linear dynamic characteristics of roller bearing faulty signals, a fault feature extraction method based on hierarchical entropy (HE) is proposed in this paper. SampEns of 8 hierarchical decomposition nodes (e.g. HE at scale 4) are calculated to serve as fault feature vectors, which takes into account not only the low frequency components but also high frequency components of the bearing vibration signals. HE can extract more faulty information than multi-scale entropy (MSE) which considers only the low frequency components. After extracting HE as feature vectors, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) is trained to achieve a prediction model by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to seek the optimal parameters of SVM, and then ten different bearing conditions are identified through the obtained SVM model. The experimental results indicate that HE can depict the characteristics of the bearing vibration signal more accurately and more completely than MSE, and the proposed approach based on HE can identify various bearing conditions effectively and accurately and is superior to that based on MSE.     

A new approach to detection of defects in rolling element bearings based on statistical pattern recognition

The paper presents a new approach to the classification of rolling element bearing faults by implementing statistical pattern recognition. Diagnostics of rolling element bearing faults actually represents the problem of pattern classification and recognition, where the key step is feature extraction from the vibration signal. Characterization of each recorded vibration signal is performed by a combination of signal's time-varying statistical parameters and characteristic rolling element bearing fault frequency components obtained through the envelope analysis method. In this way, an 18-dimensional vector of the vibration signal feature is obtained. Dimension reduction of the 18-dimensional feature vectors was performed afterward into two-dimensional vectors representing the training set for the design of parameter classifiers. The classification was performed in two classes, into defective and functional rolling element bearings. Main trait of parameter classifiers is simplicity in their design process, as opposed to classifiers based on neural networks, which employ complex training algorithms.     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using a new optimal scale morphology analysis method

Periodic transient impulses are key indicators of rolling element bearing defects. Efficient acquisition of impact impulses concerned with the defects is of much concern to the precise detection of bearing defects. However, transient features of rolling element bearing are generally immersed in stochastic noise and harmonic interference. Therefore, in this paper, a new optimal scale morphology analysis method, named adaptive multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (AMCMFH), is proposed for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis, which can both reduce stochastic noise and reserve signal details. In this method, firstly, an adaptive selection strategy based on the feature energy factor (FEF) is introduced to determine the optimal structuring element (SE) scale of multiscale combination morphological filter-hat transform (MCMFH). Subsequently, MCMFH containing the optimal SE scale is applied to obtain the impulse components from the bearing vibration signal. Finally, fault types of bearing are confirmed by extracting the defective frequency from envelope spectrum of the impulse components. The validity of the proposed method is verified through the simulated analysis and bearing vibration data derived from the laboratory bench. Results indicate that the proposed method has a good capability to recognize localized faults appeared on rolling element bearing from vibration signal. The study supplies a novel technique for the detection of faulty bearing.     

CEEMD和小波半软阈值相结合的滚动轴承降噪

针对滚动轴承振动信号降噪处理时如何保证信号边缘信息完整性的问题,提出将互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称CEEMD)与小波半软阈值相结合的信号降噪方法,对滚动轴承故障高频振动信号进行降噪处理。首先,采用CEEMD方法对故障振动信号进行分解,针对信号特点自适应获取不同频段模态分量;其次,将对包含噪声污染的高频信号模态分量进行相关性分析,得到含噪成分较高的高频模态分量,进一步采用小波半软阈值进行降噪处理;最后,将降噪后的模态分量同残余分量进行信号重构,完成降噪过程。分析结果表明,相对于传统小波阈值降噪和CEEMD强制降噪方法,提出的方法能够有效去除高频信号的噪声,且最大程度地保证了原始信号的完整性,降噪效果更好。     

A new rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multiscale permutation entropy and improved support vector machine based binary tree

A new bearing vibration feature extraction method based on multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and improved support vector machine based binary tree (ISVM-BT) is put forward in this paper. Local mean decomposition (LMD), a new self-adaptive time–frequency analysis method, is utilized to decompose the roller bearing vibration signal into a set of product functions (PFs) and then MPE method is used to characterize the complexity of the principal PF component in different scales. After the feature extraction, a new pattern recognition approach called ISVM-BT is introduced to accomplish the fault identification automatically, which has the priority of high recognition accuracy compared with other classifiers. Besides, the Laplacian score (LS) is introduced to refine the fault feature by sorting the scale factors. Finally, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on LMD, MPE, LS and ISVM-BT is proposed and the experimental results indicate the proposed method is effective in identifying the different categories of rolling bearings.     

基于参数自适应特征模态分解的滚动 轴承故障诊断方法

针对强背景噪声下轴承故障信息难以有效提取的问题,提出一种基于参数自适应特征模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方 法。 首先,为了克服原始特征模态分解(FMD)需要依赖人为经验设定关键参数而不具有自适应性的缺点,提出基于平方包络 谱特征能量比(FER-SES)的网格搜索方法自动地确定 FMD 的模态个数 n 和滤波器长度 L;随后,采用参数优化的 FMD 将原轴 承振动信号划分为 n 个模态分量,并选取具有最大 FER-SES 的模态分量为敏感模态分量;最后,通过计算敏感模态分量的平方 包络谱来提取故障特征频率,从而判别轴承故障类型。 通过仿真信号和工程案例分析验证了提出方法的有效性。 与变分模态 分解(VMD)和谱峭度方法(SK)相比,提出方法具有更好的故障特征提取性能。