对我国机床造型时代性的探讨

随着科学技术的进步,新材料、新工艺、新技术的不断出现和发展,人们审美观点的变化,产品的造型也在不断地变革而具有相应的时代特点,这就是产品造型的时代性。 产品造型的时代性,直接关系着产品的生命力,甚至对企业的生存和发展,都有着重要的关系,违背了时代的造型特点,就可能造成产品的“背时”卖不出去的局面。我国机床产品需要进入国际市场,并要使产品在竞争激烈的国际市场上有销路,就应研究产品造型的时代性,以便生产出具有时代特点和为用户所喜爱的产品。 回顾二十世纪四十年代机械产品的外观造型,曾以所谓的“流线型”顺行一时,汽车(…     

机械产品设计中的造型学研究

文中分析了机械产品设计中的造型学运用,以产品造型的美学法则为切入点,再以机械产品为主要设计对象,重点分类研究机械产品设计的造型元素特征和设计方法。针对几何造型、工艺造型和仿生造型进行设计分析,研究如何将工业技术和设计艺术结合统一,造就优良的机械产品。     

论机械产品设计是技术和艺术造型的综合设计

机械产品与其他轻工产品一样，其功能包括使用功能和审美功能。针对当今机械生产企业对产品设计的认识和做法存在三种误区，重功能轻造型的误区，工程师包办技术和艺术造型设计的误区，艺术造型只是装饰机械外表的误区。分析机械产品应该是技术和艺术的完美结合，在设计过程中互相渗透，互相联系，从而得出一个机械产品设计的工作程序图。     

论机械产品设计是技术和艺术造型的综合设计

机械产品与其他轻工产品一样，其功能包括使用功能和审美功能，针对当今机械生产企业对产品设计的认识和做法存在三种误区，重功能轻造型的误区，工程师包办技术和艺术造型设计的误区，艺术造型只是装饰机械外表的误区，分析机械产品应该是技术和艺术的完美结合，在设计过程中互相渗透，互相联系，从而得出一个机械产品设计的工作程序图。     

基于特征的机械产品造型研究

通过对机械产品特征造型设计过程的分析，建立了基于特征的产品信息模型，研究了以参数化造型技术构建产品特征的方法，论述了特征造型系统的结构及功能，阐明了应用系统实现机械产品特征设计的方法和步骤。     

塑料成型机械造型要素的感性工学研究

以中空成型机造型要素的分析与提取过程为案例,研究塑料成型机械的行业背景、应用情况及造型现状,应用感性工学理论的分析方法,搜集中空成型机的感性需求并建立其语义空间,将复杂的机械外观提炼归纳为几种形象要素,建立感性需求和造型要素之间的对应关系并加以实施应用。据此案例总结出适用于塑料成型机械的造型要素提取方法,用于指导企业根据市场导向和用户的感性需求来定位产品外观造型设计,创造出市场及用户所需要的产品形象。     

造型基因

产品是品牌形象的实物载体，树立品牌形象的过程实质就是产品不断发展的过程。当今企业间技术同质化日益严重，营销方式趋同，很多企业虽然已将产品造型设计置于前所未有的高度加以重视，但大多仅把产品造型设计当作标新立异的工具，忽视了产品造型开发的策略性和系统性，又或者只专注于产品本身的开发，没有将产品造型与品牌形象协同思考，无法建立特色鲜明的品牌形象。     

机械造型设计基本知识讲座

机械造型作为一门学科在国外已有几十年的历史,但国内仍处于萌芽状态,湖南大学首先在这方面展开了研究工作,并取得一定进展。为了适应四化建设的需要,满足机械行业广大设计人员的要求,以期提高机械产品的质量和竞争能力,本刊自本期开始,开辟“机械造型设计基本知识讲座”专栏,请湖南大学的同志主讲。内容包括:一、机械造型设计概况,二、机械造型的美学法则及设计手法,三、机械造型的面饰艺术,四、机械产品的商标与铭牌设计,五、造型设计中的人机学问题,六、机械造型与结构。以上论述约分八至十讲分期连续发表。     

基于特征的机械产品三维参数化造型研究

介绍将参数化设计应用到特征以及特征造型中去，形成参数化的特征，并可参数化地造型。提出以参数化造型技术构建产品特征的方法和基于特征造型的机械产品三维参数化设计的思想，给出了产品整机三维参数化造型设计的流程。     

基于SolidWorks的机械产品造型设计

针对机械产品造型设计的特点,应用SolidWorks软件及其CAID模块PhotoWorks,对机械产品造型设计过程进行了说明,以蜗轮蜗杆减速器的造型设计为例,基于"形式美"法则,在SolidWorks中完成了减速器的造型设计,并输出了其效果图。由此证明SolidWorks软件适用于机械产品的造型设计。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...