无自旋交换弛豫原子磁强计的主动磁补偿

由于外界磁场扰动会降低无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子磁强计的磁场测量灵敏度,本文根据SERF原子磁强计的测量原理,提出了一种基于原位磁测补偿外部磁场扰动的方法。该方法通过调制解调的方法对3个方向的磁场进行解耦,实现3个方向磁场信息的独立测量。然后,将3个方向磁场的测量信息作为反馈,调节电流源输出给线圈的电流,使线圈产生一个与外界扰动磁场大小相同方向相反的补偿磁场。最后,在现有的SERF原子磁强计实验平台上搭建了主动磁补偿系统,实现了对外部扰动磁场的补偿。与手动补偿方式相比,本文提出的主动磁补偿方法可将剩余磁场的平均值从0.317 8nT降低到0.040 4nT,同时将剩余磁场的均方差由0.348 1nT降低到0.024 7nT。得到的实验结果验证了本文所述方法的有效性。     

环境磁场的补偿与控制

实现了一种对环境磁场补偿控制的比例积分(PI)控制模拟电路,即利用磁强计测量到的环境磁场作为系统输入.经过PI模拟电路放大处理后,作为反馈信号输出到线圈,形成闭环控制,起到了补偿环境磁场的作用.该模拟控制电路与数字电路方案相比,具有控制速度快、结构简单等特点.实验结果说明,该系统对环境磁场的低频扰动具有较好的补偿作用.     

基于相关函数和小波分析的运行模态参数识别方法

为解决传统的基于脉冲响应的模态参数识别问题,根据响应信号间的相关函数与脉冲响应函数具有相似的数学表达式,以Morlet小波作为基函数,对响应信号的互相关函数进行连续小波变换,由小波系数与模态参数的关系识别出结构的模态参数.用GARTEUR飞机模型数值仿真和3层框架结构进行实验,结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于SERF原子磁强计的三轴磁场顺序补偿方法研究

无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子磁强计是一种灵敏度非常高的磁强计,而剩余磁场强度是影响SERF原子磁强计灵敏度的主要因素之一。为此,提出了一种SERF原子磁强计三轴磁场顺序补偿方法,该方法将剩磁范围分为三个部分,每个部分对应不同的补偿方式,并且使用软件对顺序补偿的整个过程进行了仿真实验。实验表明,该方法可以不受补偿前原始剩磁大小的影响,更具有普适性。     

半参数模型在载体干扰磁场补偿中的应用研究

在地磁导航技术中,载体磁场是造成磁力仪测量误差的重要干扰源,为了得到精确的地磁场值,必须对载体磁场进行补偿.针对传统静态模型无法全面描述载体干扰磁场特性的不足,将半参数模型引入载体干扰磁场的补偿中去,建立基于半参数模型的载体干扰磁场补偿方程,并采用两步估计法对模型中的各参数进行估计,最后通过仿真和实验对基于半参数模型的补偿方法的效果进行了验证.仿真和实验结果表明采用非线性半参数模型可以较全面地反映载体干扰磁场特性,提高了参数估计的精度,改进补偿的效果.研究结果对于地磁导航技术在实际中的应用具有一定的指导意义.     

单光束 SERF 磁强计三轴磁场解耦磁补偿校准方法

针对单光束SERF原子磁强计磁补偿过程中的三轴磁场耦合问题,提出了一种对磁强计三轴顺序补偿值进行反向校准的方法,用于减小三轴补偿过程中产生的耦合磁场。首先,构建了三轴磁场耦合数学模型,即一个3×3的耦合系数矩阵,来描述三轴之间的磁场耦合关系,并对实验室磁强计样机进行了三轴耦合系数测试。然后,提出了一种应用三轴耦合系数对三轴顺序补偿值进行反向校准的方法;最后,对比了校准前后的磁补偿效果。实验表明,经三轴顺序补偿反向校准后,磁强计的响应线宽平均变窄2～10 Hz,灵敏度提高3～5 fTHz^1/2,验证了该方法的有效性,为进一步优化磁补偿技术奠定了基础。     

融合转向差校正的磁强计地磁补偿硬件实现研究

为实现地磁背景下微弱磁异常目标的远距离探测,解决地磁背景信号远大于目标磁异常信号,导致测试系统分辨率和探测能力受限的问题,文中设计了由测量和补偿2个三轴磁通门磁强计构成的实时动态地磁补偿系统。推导了三轴磁通门磁强计非正交、灵敏度和零点误差对测量结果的影响方式,提出了通过电路参数的合理匹配和优化设计实现转向差校正和地磁补偿的硬件技术方案。实验证明该方案有良好的转向差校正和地磁补偿效果,可以为磁异常信号提供更大的增益范围,能够实现对微小磁异常信号的实时提取与动态检测,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

航磁补偿系统延迟偏差补偿方法研究

航空磁法勘探是一种重要的地球物理勘探方法,由于飞机磁干扰会对光泵磁力仪测量的数据产生严重的影响,因此有效的补偿飞机磁干扰具有重要的意义。提出了一种非线性航磁补偿方法,通过对信号时间序列的加权,实现对当前时刻输出信号的预测,通过L-M(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法求解修正同步误差后的非线性航磁补偿模型。仿真结果表明,该非线性航磁补偿方法可有效的解决传统航磁补偿方法无法补偿通道间延迟的问题,有效地降低各类信号延迟导致的补偿偏差,补偿后信号的标准差降低至10-4n T/m量级,该剩余残差水平与光泵磁力仪的本底噪声处于同一量级,符合高精度航磁勘探的要求。通过野外模拟飞行实验对理论分析和仿真结果进行了验证。     

紫外光脉冲非视线传输的Monte Carlo模拟

应用Monte Carlo方法建立紫外光脉冲在散射大气中非视线传输的模型,模型参数来源于大气透过率及辐射传输算法软件Modtran.利用该模型实现了对散射大气系统脉冲响应函数的模拟,为进一步分析和处理紫外光信号提供依据.     

基于磁通门传感器的弱磁场检测方法

为了实现对弱磁场的检测,研究了磁通门传感器原理,建立了磁通门传感器数学模型;采用高磁导率材料钴基非晶合金VITROVAC 6025Z作为磁芯材料设计制作了磁通门传感器,结合DDS(直接频率合成器)激励电路和虚拟仪器构成磁通门磁强计.虚拟仪器上磁场调零功能可实现磁通门磁强计在不同磁场环境下的归零校准,对弱磁场的测量更加精确.经对比实验,选择激励信号频率为10 kHz,激励幅值为5V,此时该系统灵敏度较高.在稳定可控磁场中,利用特斯拉计对系统进行定标,实验结果表明,磁通门磁强计线性度较好,分辨力达μT级.     

三轴磁通门磁梯度仪转向差校正方法研究

三轴磁通门传感器应用广泛,但其自身固有的零偏误差、灵敏度误差以及三轴非正交误差对其磁场测量精度有着较大的影响。针对磁通门梯度仪中磁传感器自身的性能参数和摆放方位不一致问题,提出了转向差的校正方法:分别建立了磁通门传感器误差的自校准和互校准数学模型,并采用神经网络算法和最小二乘算法对模型参数进行求解。仿真和试验结果表明,整个校正过程简单可行,在不需要三轴无磁转台以及恒定磁场标准装置等复杂试验设备情况下,利用磁通门梯度仪在稳定的地磁场环境下采集多组磁场数据,能有效降低磁梯度仪转向差引起的测量误差。     

基于暗态扫频法的Rb-Xe自旋交换体系弛豫时间测量方法

在⁸⁷Rb-¹²⁹Xe自旋交换体系中,⁸⁷Rb和¹²⁹Xe弛豫时间的准确测量对于磁共振陀螺及磁力仪相关应用非常重要。针对该需求,分析了泵浦光与激励磁场对⁸⁷Rb弛豫时间的影响以及暗态下的⁸⁷Rb和¹²⁹Xe自旋交换过程,并在理论分析基础上提出了暗态扫频测量方法。实现了对⁸⁷Rb以及¹²⁹Xe的纵向弛豫时间的测量。使用本方法测得了⁸⁷Rb的横向弛豫时间和纵向弛豫时间分别为1.36和5.18 ms,¹²⁹Xe的纵向弛豫时间为519 s,其拟合R²=0.999 9,具有极高的拟合优度。相较于以往的测量方法,暗态扫频法可以彻底消除泵浦光造成的磁场梯度的影响,具有高准确度的优点且操作简便。研究对磁共振陀螺及磁力仪的性能分析与标定具有较高的参考价值。     

磁流体液体动密封装置中磁极参数的优化设计

根据磁流体密封的工作原理，通过对密封结构模型的简化，采用有限元方法数值计算了磁极参数不同时密封间隙中磁场的轴向分布。根据磁场分布对密封性能的影响，选取了磁流体液体动密封装置中磁极的合适形状，确定了磁极极尖宽度和磁极倾斜角等参数的最佳值。     

Fuzzy calibration of a magnetic compass for vehicular applications

In a strapdown compass on a vehicle, three-axis magnetometers measure the Earth's magnetic field vector along the body axes of the vehicle to determine its heading angle. Owing to the local magnetic effects, the measurements frequently deviate from the geomagnetic field vector coordinated in the body frame. Therefore, online calibration of the compass should be considered to satisfy the requirements of the vehicle navigation system. In this paper, a new intelligent method is developed to implement online calibration of the compass system. First, a regression model is proposed to increase the convergence probability of the calibration process using the attitude angles in the measurement equations. Second, based on the knowledge of expert engineers, a Mamdani type fuzzy batch least-square (FBLS) algorithm is designed to estimate the calibration bias and scaling parameters. Generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) and the changes of estimated parameters are considered as the main information of the fuzzy system in which the length of data batch and the associated weighting factor are updated continuously. The results of simulations and experiments reveal the superiority of the proposed approach to the non-fuzzy methods.     

基于线圈瞬态电流参数优化的真空断路器永磁操动机构动作特性研究

针对永磁操动机构出力不足、动作特性与真空断路器开断性能难以配合的问题,对单线圈双稳态真空断路器永磁操动机构进行了研究,在剖分永磁操动机构结构的基础上,分析了磁路磁链的分布关系,建立了三维电磁场数学模型。采用有限元法仿真分析方法,求解了永磁操动机构线圈瞬态电流与动铁芯合闸动作特性之间的关系,并探讨永磁操动机构储能电容容量、电源电压、线圈匝数和负载等效质量等主要参数对真空断路器合闸动作特性的影响。研究结果表明,仿真计算数据与试验测试数据吻合,优化后的电容、线圈及负载参数可对永磁操动机构的位移检测、系统故障诊断、结构改进等提供理论依据。     

Effect of Using Current-Carrying-Wire Models in the Design of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings Lubricated with Ferrofluid

Based on the momentum and continuity equations for ferrofluid under an applied magnetic field, a modified Reynolds equation has been obtained. Assuming linear behavior for the magnetic material of the ferrofluid, the magnetic force was calculated. The magnetic pressure resulting from the magnetic force was incorporated into the Reynolds equation and it was not separately treated. The derived Reynolds equation can be applied for any magnetic field distribution model. Using different magnetic field models, the equation has been solved numerically by the finite difference technique with an appropriate iterative technique and pressure distributions have been obtained. The boundary shapes of the load-carrying active regions and cavitation regions could be then determined. The solution gives the bearing performance characteristics, namely; load-carrying capacity, attitude angle of the journal center, friction coefficient and bearing side leakage. The displaced current-carrying infinitely long wire gives a field distribution with a gradient in the circumferential direction. Two novel field models are introduced. The concentric finite current-carrying-wire model gives an axially symmetric magnetic field with a gradient in the axial direction. Axial and circumferential gradients are obtained using displaced finite wire model. The effect of these magnetic models and their design parameters on the overall bearing performance characteristics has been studied. The results concluded that the magnetic lubrication provides a higher load capacity and a reduced friction coefficient, compared with a conventional lubricated bearing. The other bearing characteristics depends on the applied field model. An axially symmetric applied field, with its sealing magnetic force, leads to a decrease in the side leakage, such that the bearing may operate without side leakage by appropriate design of the field.     

勾形磁场的优化设计与实现

本文采用有限元法对8英寸单晶炉（16寸坩埚）勾形磁场的磁场分布和磁场强度,以及影响磁场强度的线圈匝数、导线面积、线圈间距等因素进行了模拟分析和优化,并依据模拟结果得到磁场结构的优化设计参数。最后通过实验对磁场的设计参数进行了验证,结果表明：磁场分布和磁场强度模拟结果与实际测试结果可较好吻合;磁场的关键参数满足晶体生长的磁场要求;模拟方法是正确的、符合实际的。此方法为磁场设计提供了一种可靠的模拟新方法和经验数据。     

Linear calibration method of magnetic gradient tensor system

Based on the detailed analysis of systematic errors, mathematical model of error parameters is constructed and linear calibration method is proposed for magnetic gradient tensor system. Firstly, nonlinear mathematical model of error parameters for single vector magnetometer is constructed based on scalar calibration, and least square solution is deduced by two nonlinear conversions without any mathematical simplification. Then outputs of four tri-axial magnetometers are calibrated to sensor’s orthogonal coordinate respectively. Secondly, a least square estimation is proposed for the misalignment errors between different magnetometers according to the rotation matrix comprising conversion of different orthogonal coordinate system. After calibration, outputs of tri-axial magnetometers are acquired along the ideally platform frame-orthogonal coordinate system and these enable calibration of magnetic gradient tensor system. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed linear calibration method can accurately solve the detailed error parameters and decrease measurement errors of magnetic gradient tensor system remarkably.     

磁悬浮陀螺飞轮用隐式洛伦兹力磁轴承

针对磁悬浮陀螺飞轮用显式洛伦兹力磁轴承气隙磁密均匀性差的问题,提出了一种磁钢内置的隐式洛伦兹力磁轴承,并采用三维有限元法对两种方案的气隙磁密进行比较分析。隐式方案的气隙磁密在周向和纵向的变化率分别为0.8%和8.4%,远优于显式方案的15.0%和23.7%。利用磁场分割法对隐式方案的磁阻进行了区域分割,采用积分法精确计算各区域磁阻,建立了磁轴承磁路数学模型,得到了影响偏转电流刚度的关键结构参数,并基于有限元法对隐式方案形状及结构参数进行详细优化。结果表明,在不恶化气隙磁密变化率的前提下,优化前后绕组区域的最大磁密和最小磁密分别从0.404T和0.368T增加至0.464T和0.427T,增幅为14.6%和16.0%。根据优化结果研制了一台隐式洛伦兹力磁轴承,并进行了气隙磁密和偏转电流刚度实验测试,测试结果与设计结果相符,对洛伦兹力磁轴承的设计具有重要意义。     

Calibration of three-axis fluxgate magnetometers with nonlinear least square method

The accuracy of three-axis magnetometers is limited by different scales, bias of each axis and nonorthogonality between axes, which is usually lower than that of scalar magnetometers. In this paper, the nonlinear least square method is proposed to calibrate three-axis magnetometers. The validity of this method was proved by simulation, in which the estimated parameters of the error model are close to prearranged parameters. In experiment, a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (DM-050), a two dimensional nonmagnetic rotation equipment and a proton magnetometer (GSM-19T) were used. The scalar value of magnetic field was obtained by proton magnetometer and considered to be the true value. The calibration performance of unscented Kalman filter (UKF), two-step algorithm and nonlinear least square were compared. Experimental results show that the error average and standard deviation of nonlinear least square are the least among the three methods. After calibration, the average of scalar error is reduced from −76.2 nT to −0.00093 nT and the standard deviation is reduced from 10.832 nT to 4.298 nT. The results suggest an effective way for the calibration of three-axis fluxgate magnetometers.