油润滑纳米添加剂摩擦学设计及研究中几个值得商榷的问题

从材料学、化学、摩擦学、表面工程角度分析阐述了纳米润滑油添加剂组分选择、分散稳定修饰剂设计、摩擦学性能评价和机理研究方面存在的几个问题和认识上的一些误区．指出在作油润滑纳米润滑材料的摩擦学设计时，所选择的纳米材料应对酸、氧特别是热氧和纳米修饰剂表现出惰性；对普通摩擦副来说，纳米粒子的“分子轴承”作用机制其作用微乎其微的。当摩擦副相互接近程度达到介观或微观尺度时．纳米微球的“分子轴承”作用才明显，产生润滑甚至超润滑；对普通摩擦副而言，纳米粒子在短时间内的机械抛光作用并不会太明显，而长期抛光作用则取决于摩擦过程中纳米粒子机械抛光作用和机械摩擦磨损作用两者之间的竞争。     

有机钼型减摩剂对QC30汽油机油润滑特性的影响

本文研究了有机钼型油溶性减摩剂对ＱＣ３０汽油机油润滑特性的影响，结果表明，在同样浓度条件下这种有机钼减摩剂比市售的两种添加剂有更好的效果，可以降低ＱＣ３０汽油机油的摩擦系数５２％，提高其抗磨性３０％，而且比进口美孚ＳＡＥ５Ｗ－３０油有更好的摩擦损特性，可望代替进口油使用。     

不同结构含磷极压剂对冲压润滑性能的影响

研究不同结构含磷极压剂对冲压加工摩擦磨损性能的影响。使用SRV试验机和ERICHSEN金属板材成型试验机,并结合添加剂分子的热失重分析,对不同结构含磷极压剂在冲压加工过程的润滑性能进行研究。结果表明,热分解温度较低的亚磷酸酯类极压剂能够极大地提高油品的埃里克森杯凸值（IE值）,可有效地提高冲压油的润滑性能。但随温度升高,亚磷酸酯类极压剂易出现摩擦因数“突增”现象,可通过添加剂的适当复配,避免润滑油出现摩擦因数的“突增”。     

摩擦化学膜的成因与结构:矿物质化学和有机质化学观点

减摩剂、抗磨剂、极压剂与修复剂共同构成在摩擦学意义上更完善的摩擦学添加剂系列。摩擦化学膜是摩擦学添加剂在摩擦表面热／应力场中参与生成的无机物种和有机物种的共生体，无机物种构成润滑膜骨架，有机物种或简单无机质点以吸附状态或以间隙化合物形式依附于或弥散于骨架构造中，共同提供摩擦化学膜的全部润滑功效——减摩、抗磨、极压效应和修复功能。应用矿物质化学和有机质化学观点诠释摩擦化学膜的成因与结构特性，特别是基于应力化学原理比较分析岩石物理和地球化学过程中的成岩和生油现象与摩擦化学过程中的润滑效应，提出摩擦成岩与生油化学研究，摩擦化学场中的成岩和生油效应及其摩擦学意义，以及开发基于自然物质和过程的工业摩擦学应用技术。     

新型S-N型三取代三嗪衍生物的合成及其与磷酸三甲酚酯在菜子油中的摩擦学研究

合成了一种新型无磷三正辛硫基取代三嗪衍生物（TOTY），利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了单剂TOTT、磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）以及含不同质量比的TOTY和TCP的复合添加剂在菜子油中的摩擦学研究；用x射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了磨损表面形貌和元素化学形态。结果表明：所考察的添加剂都能有效提高基础油的承载能力；在一定的条件下，单剂TOTY和TCP能够有效地提高基础油的减摩和抗磨性能；TOTY／TCP复合剂在基础油中表现出协同抗磨和减摩效应。在摩擦过程中，含上述添加剂的菜子油与摩擦副表面发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应，在摩擦副表面生成混合边界润滑膜，从而起到了减摩抗磨作用。     

基础油粘度对磨损自补偿性影响研究

本文对两种载荷下钢－铜摩擦副在不同粘度的润滑介质（其中包括含有和未含自补偿剂ＳＷ４）作用下的摩擦学特性进行了研究。发现自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４与常规润滑添加剂不同,基础油粘度越低,载荷越大,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损越上,其磨损自补偿性能越好,自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４为油品的低粘化提供了一条有效途径     

基础油粘度对磨损自补偿性能影响研究

本文对两种载荷下钢—铜摩擦副在不同粘度的润滑介质(其中包括含有和未含自补偿剂SW_4)作用下的摩擦学特性进行了研究.发现自补偿添加剂SW_4与常规润滑添加剂不同,基础油粘度越低,载荷越大,钢—铜摩擦副的磨损越小,其磨损自补偿性能越好.因此,自补偿添加剂SW_4为油品的低粘化提供了一条有效途径.     

复合抗磨修复添加剂的研制及摩擦学性能测试

本文复配了几种发动机抗磨修复剂，并利用RFT往复摩擦磨损试验机对各种复配的抗磨修复添加剂与市售的各种发动机抗磨修复剂的抗磨减摩性进行了比较，结果表明，配制的抗磨修复添加剂达到了降低磨擦，减小失重和修复目的，通过扫描电镜对磨斑表面元素的分析发现，目前市场上抗磨修复剂多是以环烷酸铅或油酸铅为主，而本文配制的抗磨修复剂不含铅。     

OFM—1节能减磨剂

据有关统计资料表明,能源的1/3～1/2消耗在摩擦上,在机械零件的失效中,磨损失效占60～80％。在内燃机能耗中其中相当大的一部分是消耗在摩擦上的无用能耗。因此,正确合理地使用内燃机润滑油,对节省能源,提高内燃机效率及延长其使用寿命具有重大意义。在机油中加入各种减磨剂是提高机油质量的重要途径。OFM-1节能减磨剂主要含石墨等特种减磨剂和抗氧抗腐等添加剂,经特种工艺制成,是一种灰黑色微粒胶体悬浊液,具有良好的流动性。这种减磨剂可加入任何一种润滑机油中,并可在摩擦副表面形成一种牢固的物理吸附和化学吸附膜。这种膜能防止金属表面的直接接触,提高机械的密封性能,从而降低摩擦副的摩擦和磨损,并将消耗于摩擦和磨损的无用     

固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对锂基润滑脂性能的影响

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

铝材冷轧润滑剂（添加剂）润滑性能评价

本文从油膜强度、摩擦系统、轧制压力及轧后退火表面光亮度等方面对铝材冷轧润滑用添加剂的润滑能进行了评价，其中，添加剂有单一的脂肪酸、醇、脂肪酸酯以及它们的复合物。结果表明：结果表明：复合添加剂的作用效果优于单一添加剂，而且其作用效果取决于单体添加剂的选择和复合比例。     

原油降凝剂的剖析——红外光谱与高效液相色谱鉴定

采取蒸馏，溶解－沉淀法对原油降凝剂进行健康与纯化，用红外光谱法对各组分的官能团结构进行了鉴定，高效液相色谱对相应组分进行了分析。     

Improved additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentane‐based lubricants

Multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) are replacing heritage (mineral oil‐based) spacecraft lubricants because of their excellent performance and low volatility. While MACs have acquired an increasingly prominent role, soluble additives with similarly low volatility are lacking. In this study, the performance of specially designed candidate high‐molecular‐weight/low‐volatility phosphate additives was compared with the performance of conventional phosphate and lead naphthenate additives currently used in space. The candidate additives were equivalent or superior to the currently used additives in both conventional (atmospheric) and vacuum wear tests. Volatility studies revealed superior candidate additive performance compared with currently used additives. In addition, surface chemical analysis of the wear surfaces provided a better understanding of the anti‐wear protective films formed by these additives. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纳米粒子作润滑油添加剂的研究与展望

纳米粒子作润滑油添加剂表现出极好的摩擦学性能。本文综述了各种类型纳米闰子作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能和机理，总结了纳米粒子作润滑油添加剂的特点，并提出了需要进一步研究的方向。     

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) andconversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) study of perfluoropolyalkylether based additives

This study provides critical insight regarding the interactions of perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) additives with Fe-based alloys. PFPAEs are primary candidates for the development of high temperature liquid lubricants for the next generation of turbine engines because of their chemical and thermal stability. However, a PFPAE must be tailored for its particular application by the addition of soluble additives. Currently, two additives that show promise for improved performance are a substituted triphenylphosphine and a bis-substituted benzothiazole. To date, little work has been reported on the mechanism by which these additives actually improve overall performance. In order to gain some understanding of how these additives work, a series of oxidation-corrosion tests were performed using these additives in Demnum with the resulting coupons examined by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and conversion electron Mössbauerspectroscopy (CEMS).     

抗磨型油膜轴承油极压抗磨性能的研究

用油膜承载能力及四球机试验等方法极压抗磨性能，以硫磷型极压抗磨剂和油性剂等为主剂进行复配，对油品配方研究及解决极压抗磨性能打下了基础，。产品轻工业现场使用试验证明，极压抗磨性能完全能够满足设备的使用要求。     

铅酸蓄电池极板添加剂研究概况

铅酸蓄电池正极和负极使用不同添加剂对其电化学性能和寿命有不同的影响。本文综述了目前国内外研究较多的或常用的极板添加剂对铅酸蓄电池充放电性能、寿命等的影响并简述了一些添加剂的作用机理。     

Research on Mutual Synergy of Antiwear Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

In recent years, with the enhancement of environment awareness, there has been a progressive reduction in permitted phosphorus and sulfur levels in lubricants. Sulfur and phosphorus are the most important elements of antiwear additives. Because of the reaction between additives, less mass of additives may have the same wear reducing properties when used together. However, there is uncertainty regarding the optimum amount and ratio of these additives. In this article, the influence of five kinds of antiwear additives—sulfurized olefin cottonseed oil (T405), sulfurized isobutylene (SIB), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphates (MoDTC), zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), and their combination—on lithium complex grease have been studied by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The single-factor tests show that T405 and SIB work well under low temperature, whereas TCP and MoDTC work well under higher temperature; ZDDP are multifunctional additives. It was proved that base grease has better antiwear properties at 150 than at 75°C. Additionally, sulfurized additives T405 and ZDDP and phosphate agent TCP could react better with lithium complex grease than the additives that have the same functional group. Furthermore, the results of orthogonal experiments show that the abrasion resistance of lithium complex grease is optimally best when T405, TCP, and ZDDP are blended with a ratio of 2:2:1. In addition, a synergistic effect between T405 and TCP is observed at ratios between 1:1 and 2:1. The morphology and element composition of the worn surfaces are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Based on the two kinds of technology, the friction and wear mechanism of additives also have been studied.     

未来切削液的展望

分析了２１世纪切削加工业对切削液技术的新要求，探讨了未来切削液的发展趋势。指出提高切削液质量和水平的关键是添加剂，在切削液中应限制使用对人体和生态有害的添加剂，如亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、氯化合物、甲醛、苯酚及类似的化合物；提出象硼酸酯（盐）、钼酸盐等新型盐类是未来切削液理想的添加剂。     

Effect of lubricating oil additives on particle size distribution and total number concentration in diesel engine

This paper investigates the characteristics of particle size distribution in exhaust gas of engine fuelled with pure diesel and with diesel mixed with base oil or with oil additives. The experiments are conducted on a turbocharged diesel engine with fast particulate spectrometer DMS 500 connected to the exhaust pipe. Base oil and two kinds of commonly used lubricating oil additives, antioxidant additives and antifoaming additives, are chosen to be added into the fuel, with the concentrations being 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of fuel weight individually. The particle size distribution is measured under medium load (100 Nm) and full load at different speeds. The results indicate that the existence of base oil or oil additives shows great influence on particle size distribution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.