Comparative immunohistological study on using capsaicin,piperine, and okadaic acid for the transepithelial passage of the inactivated viral and bacterial vaccines in fish

The practical difficulty of parenteral application of fish vaccines against devastating fish diseases diverted the interest toward oral vaccination. Search for effective methods to enhance the oral uptake of viral and bacterial vaccines is continuing. The current research focus on a new role of mucosal fish vaccine adjuvants inducing the antigen uptake by enhancing vascularity or increasing intestinal permeability. Some inflammatory substances cause reversible pathology to the intestinal epithelium, which could be employed for the transepithelial passage of vaccine particles. The natural inflammatory substances used were capsaicin, piperine, and okadaic acid as 1 mg, 2 mg, and 1 μg/fish, respectively. Two inactivated vaccines were used as antigens to test the effect of these inflammatory substances in two different fish hosts. Tested vaccines were inactivated redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus vaccine in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) and inactivated Edwardsiella tarda vaccine in red sea bream (Pagrus major) fish models. The inflammatory substances and each vaccine were anally intubated to fish. Capsaicin proved to be effectively aiding the transepithelial passage of vaccine particles more than piperine, while okadaic acid had no detectable effect.     

基于支持向量机和人工免疫的机械故障诊断方法研究

利用支持向量机对故障数据进行分类和聚类预处理,然后以类别的中心作为人工免疫系统的疫苗,人工免疫系统把它们作为抗体进行免疫学习,获得机械系统的故障特征,并为人工免疫系统提供先验知识,建立故障状态空间至解释空间的映射.用该算法对转子实验台仿真故障进行分类比较,结果表明该算法学习速度快,诊断效果好.     

ELISA法检测疫苗中残余牛血清蛋白含量的方法学验证

为验证ELISA法检测病毒性疫苗中残余牛血清蛋白方法的可靠性,由2个部门对12个样品进行4人连续3天的验证。结果表明:4人连续3天的12次检测结果均满足牛血清白蛋白ELISA法(BSP-ELISA法)标准曲线成立的条件,建立合格标准曲线的成功率为100%;对5ng/mL、10ng/mL、20ng/mL浓度的牛血清白蛋白(BSP)标准品,不同实验人员间测定结果的变异系数在2.87%~6.33%之间,精密度较好;回收率在92.9%~103.1%之间,说明不同人的测定结果准确度高。分别采用该方法与已上市的牛血清白蛋白试剂盒对7种疫苗中100个样品的残余BSP含量进行检测,二者的检测结果合格符合率为100%,用该方法对已上市的检测BSA试剂盒中的4个标准品进行检测,回收率在90.0%~117.1%,检测灵敏度为2.5ng/mL,表明BSP-ELISA法可以敏感、准确地定量检测BSA,可用于目前我公司疫苗制品中残余牛血清白蛋白的质量控制。     

改进免疫算法用于图像复原

为了更好地对图像进行超分辨率重建,对传统的正则化方法进行了改进,提出了更符合实际的新模型:加性广义高斯白噪声与各向异性正则化项.为求得新模型的最优解,引入免疫进化算法并做如下改进:引入记忆单元群,使算法并行地运行在两个抗体群上;提出一种疫苗的自适应选取及接种方法;将混沌算子作为防僵化算子嵌入.分析与实验表明, 基于新模型重建的图像不仅对噪声的类型与方差具有稳健性,而且重建图像的信噪比改善量(ISNR)比传统模型高1.5 dB左右, 同时提出的改进免疫进化算法能够更快收敛,所需步数仅是遗传算法的8%, 传统免疫算法的40%.结果表明,新模型与改进免疫算法组成的图像超分辨率复原系统具有稳定可靠的性能.     

浅谈疫苗生产中的质量风险控制

从疫苗生产企业的"人、机、料、法、环"几个方面,对疫苗生产中存在的风险进行了分析,对影响疫苗质量与安全的风险因素进行了识别,并以此提出了相应的风险控制措施。     

AF4通道技术表征病毒样颗粒

病毒样颗粒（VLP）是一种越来越受到广泛关注的抗体疫苗。为了对其进行质量控制,采用灵敏的分析方法非常重要。这项研究阐述了将非对称流分离（AF4）方法开发用于VLP研究。结果表明,AF4在研究VLP表达方面具有很大的潜力,超过了通常使用的动态光散射和尺寸排阻高效液相色谱法。     

Secondary antiviral metabolites from fungi with special reference to coronaviruses

Profound inspection of the life forms on the earth teaches how to be the complexity of interrelationships among the various systems. Because of the emergence of novel viruses all the time and the inadequate of vaccines and antivirals, viral contagions are amongst the most causative diseases affecting people worldwide. Fungi exemplify a massive source of bioactive molecules as, many fungal secondary metabolities like Oxoglyantrypine, Carneic acid F, Scedapin C, Asteltoxin E, Phomanolide, Norquinadoline A and Quinadoline B have antiviral activity. This review deals with how secondary metabolites of fungi can help in the war against viruses in general and especially Coronaviruses moreover several pieces of literature pointed out that many clusters of fungi in different biotopes are waiting to be exploited.     

The implicit formulation of flux-vector-splitting scheme with application to transonic flows

This paper presents an efficient implicit solver for transonic shock-tube flow, generated for a needle-free epidermal delivery of powdered vaccines. This transient transonic flow exhibits complicated flow phenomena. We proposed a unique method of implicit formation on the basis of analysing a model equation, which can separately deal with convection, diffusion and source terms. By combining this idea with flux-vector-splitting, an implicit flux-vector-splitting solver of the Navier–Stokes equations, which can avoid approximate-factorization (AF) or block-bidiagonalization, is developed. Numerical experiments show that it has obvious superiority over the conventional flux-vector-splitting scheme in terms of convergence and computing cost, meanwhile maintaining a high accuracy and robustness.     

生物发光法细菌快速检测仪的研制及应用

基于ATP生物发光法,研制了一种细菌快速检测仪。该检测仪内置高精度A/D转换器,以小型光电倍增管进行光电转换,结合实验室自制的生物传感器,集光路、电路及软件设计于一体,组成了完整的细菌快速检测系统。其用于大肠杆菌标准品溶液检测时,检测结果与培养计数法结果的相关系数(R)达到0.9760,同时获得了仪表检测光强和细菌浓度关系曲线。针对实际样品检测中存在的问题,提出了相应的数据处理改进算法,引入了校准方程修正系数,用于食品及卡介苗样品检测,获得了良好的检测结果。对猴头菇类食品样品检测的结果与培养计数法检测结果的R达到0.993,重复性检测的相对平均偏差(R.A.D.)为7.69%,变异系数(CV)为9.07%。对卡介苗(BCG)样品检测结果与培养计数法检测结果的R达到0.997,R.A.D.为5.72%,CV为7.73%。与传统培养计数法相比,该仪表具有较好的检测速度,准确度和重复性。     

Proteomics in gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles

Gram-negative bacteria constitutively secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) into the extracellular milieu. Recent research in this area has revealed that OMVs may act as intercellular communicasomes in polyspecies communities by enhancing bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. However, the mechanisms of vesicle formation and the pathophysiological roles of OMVs have not been clearly defined. While it is obvious that mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers great opportunities for improving our knowledge of bacterial OMVs, limited proteomic data are available for OMVs. The present review aims to give an overview of the previous biochemical, biological, and proteomic studies in the emerging field of bacterial OMVs, and to give future directions for high-throughput and comparative proteomic studies of OMVs that originate from diverse Gram-negative bacteria under various environmental conditions. This article will hopefully stimulate further efforts to construct a comprehensive proteome database of bacterial OMVs that will help us not only to elucidate the biogenesis and functions of OMVs but also to develop diagnostic tools, vaccines, and antibiotics effective against pathogenic bacteria.     

基于免疫遗传算法的车间动态调度

提出了一种求解车间动态调度问题的免疫遗传算法。该方法在遗传操作过程中,运用免疫机理提取疫苗,并对进化种群进行免疫操作,从而有效地抑制了遗传算法的“早熟”和搜索效率低下的问题;此外,该算法在解码操作过程中引入设备能力空间的概念,从而将设备的加工能力作为约束条件动态引入,有效地解决了车间动态调度和再调度方案的一致性和连续性问题。实例表明该算法能够满足车间动态调度的要求。     

Targeting the “undruggable” cancer driver genes: <i>Ras</i>, <i>myc</i>, and <i>tp53</i>

The term “undruggable” is to describe molecules that are not targetable or at least hard to target pharmacologically. Unfortunately, some targets with potent oncogenic activity fall into this category, and currently little is known about how to solve this problem, which largely hampered drug research on human cancers. Ras, as one of the most common oncogenes, was previously considered “undruggable”, but in recent years, a few small molecules like Sotorasib (AMG-510) have emerged and proved their targeted anti-cancer effects. Further, myc, as one of the most studied oncogenes, and tp53, being the most common tumor suppressor genes, are both considered “undruggable”. Many attempts have been made to target these “undruggable” targets, but little progress has been made yet. This article summarizes the current progress of direct and indirect targeting approaches for ras, myc, two oncogenes, and tp53, a tumor suppressor gene. These are potential therapeutic targets but are considered “undruggable”. We conclude with some emerging research approaches like proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), cancer vaccines, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based drug discovery, which might provide new cues for cancer intervention. Therefore, this review sets out to clarify the current status of targeted anti-cancer drug research, and the insights gained from this review may be of assistance to learn from experience and find new ideas in developing new chemicals that directly target such “undruggable” molecules.     

碳硫分析仪的故障检查与排除

德国ELTRA碳硫分析仪CS500适用于检测粉末、片状、车屑样等各种材料,如煤炭、油品、钢、水泥、土壤、橡胶。在燃烧过程中,样品中的碳和硫释放生成SO2和CO2。试样通常的燃烧温度在1250℃到1400℃之间。燃烧生成的SO2和CO2在检测池中以红外吸收的原理进行检测。在仪器使用中会遇到很多故障,如分析延时、炉子失控、分析通信中断、载气流量降低和红外池电压超出范围等,需要通过掌握仪器的构造和工作原理逐步检查并排除故障。     

Effect of MoS2 and WS2 Nanotubes on Nanofriction and Wear Reduction in Dry and Liquid Environments

Nano-objects in dry and liquid conditions have shown reductions in friction and wear on the macroscale. Studies in low viscosity liquids with nanoparticles and nanotubes made of lubricating materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) are limited. In this research, MoS₂ and WS₂ nanotubes with spherical gold (Au) nano-objects as a control are studied on the nanoscale under dry and low viscosity liquid environments for their effect on friction and wear reduction. Atomic forces microscopy (AFM) experiments on the nanoscale are performed in single-nano-object contact with an AFM tip, where nano-objects are laterally manipulated and multiple nano-object contact with a tip attached to a glass sphere sliding over several nano-objects. Wear tests were performed on the nanoscale by means of AFM as well as on the macroscale using a ball-on-flat tribometer to relate friction and wear reduction on both scales. Results indicate that nano-objects such as MoS₂ and WS₂ nanotubes contribute to friction and wear reduction due to the reduced contact area and the possible rolling and sliding on the nanoscale. On the macroscale, reductions in friction and wear occur due to possible exfoliation of outer layers in addition to other mechanisms just mentioned.     

Imaging and measurement of cytosolic free calcium in plant and fungal cells

Calcium plays a central role as a second messenger in plant and fungal cells and as such is involved in controlling numerous biological processes. Direct demonstration of signal-response coupling via Ca²⁺ requires the measurement and localization of changes in cytosolic free Ca²⁺, [Ca²⁺]_i, during these processes in living cells. In recent years this has become possible with the introduction of a range of fluorescent dyes (e.g. Indo-1 Fura-2 and Fluo-3) which have a high affinity and selectivity for free Ca²⁺. When used with recently developed microscope technologies (e.g. fluorescence ratio imaging or confocal scanning laser microscopy), subcellular localization and precise quantification of [Ca²⁺]_i dynamics in single cells can be achieved. This review describes the principles of [Ca²⁺]_i imaging and measurement using fluorescent dyes, the equipment required to do it, the problems with botanical material and how they are being overcome, future developments for this approach in plant cell biology, and an entirely different strategy for the imaging and measurement of [Ca²⁺]_i involving genetic transformation with the aequorin gene.     

热致变色和光致变色光学薄膜的溶胶—凝胶法制备和性质

用溶胶—凝胶法制备了掺铜离子的二氧化钒热致变色薄膜,其光学性质随温度发生明显的滞徊变化。铜离子使薄膜的相转变温度降低,拓宽了应用范围。用溶胶—凝胶法将螺哦嗪染料引入有机改性陶瓷中,配以适当添加剂制成光致变色薄膜,其光幅照稳定性分别比染料溶液和不含添加剂的薄膜提高５０ 倍和１０ 倍以上,为实用化开辟了广阔的前景     

Surface and Subsurface Contributions of Oxidation and Moisture to Room Temperature Friction of Molybdenum Disulfide

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), a lamellar solid lubricant, is used extensively in space applications due to its exceptional performance in vacuum and inert environments. The friction and wear of MoS₂, however, increase in the presence of atmospheric contaminants, such as water. Despite numerous studies of the moisture-sensitive friction response of MoS₂ over the decades, important fundamental questions remain unanswered. Two leading hypotheses suggest that water affects friction by causing the MoS₂ to oxidize or by physically bonding to edge sites, and thereby disrupting easy lamellar shear. This paper presents a parametric study to (1) isolate the effects of water and oxygen on ambient MoS₂ friction, (2) identify the effect of water and oxygen on MoS₂ oxidation, and (3) distinguish between the effects of water diffusion and surface oxidation on the frictional response of MoS₂ coatings. The experimental findings were used to develop a qualitative model for the effects of environment on MoS₂ friction; the model is used to explain transients, hysteretic effects, oxidation effects, and effects of physically bound water.     

DSP与标准I2C总线的接口设计

主要关注TNS320C54X DSP作为单一主芯片提供标准I2C总线接口。依照本设计TMS320C54X DSP可以简单地实现与I2C总线芯片的的互连。另外，为了实现I2C总线的通讯协议，需要加入一个缓冲芯片，使用一个时钟和一组McBSP．简要分析了标准I2C总线的时序特点，给出了与TMS320C54xDSP连接所需的各种子程序和设计中的注意事项。     

Podocyte electrophysiology,in vivo and in vitro

Podocytes are the most differentiated cell types in the glomerulus, which have been assumed to participate in the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient K(f). In podocytes in vivo and in vitro vasoactive agonists, such as angiotensin II and acetylcholine, increase the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration via a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and an influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular space. An increase of the cytosolic Ca(2+) in podocytes activates Cl(-) channels in podocytes in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a depolarization of podocytes. In vitro studies have shown that in addition to Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, cAMP-activated Cl(-) channels and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are present in cultured podocytes. The characterization of the signaling pathways that regulate ion channels in podocytes may be important in the understanding of the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient K(f). This review summarizes the currently known electrophysiological properties of podocytes.     

Roboscan: a combined 2D and 3D vision system for improved speed and flexibility in pick-and-place operation

We describe Roboscan, a Robot cell that combines 2D and 3D vision in a simple device, to aid a Robot manipulator in pick-and-place operations in a fast and accurate way. The optical head of Roboscan combines the two vision systems: the camera is used “stand-alone” in the 2D system, and combined to a laser slit projector in the 3D system, which operates in the triangulation mode. The 2D system, using suitable libraries, provides the preliminary 2D information to the 3D system to perform in a very fast, flexible and robust way the point cloud segmentation and fitting. Roboscan is mounted onto an anthropomorphic, 6-DOF Robot manipulator. The most innovative part of the system is represented by the use of robust 2D geometric template matching as a means to classify 3D objects. In this way, we avoid time-consuming 3D point cloud segmentation and 3D object classification, using 3D data only for estimating pose and orientation of the robot gripper. In addition, a novel approach to the template definition in the 2D geometric template matching is proposed, where the influence of surface reflectance and colour of the objects over the definition of the template geometry is minimized. We describe the procedures for 2D and 3D vision of Roboscan, together with the calibration procedures that have been implemented. We also present a set of tests that show the performance of the system and its effectiveness in a number of pick-and-place operations.