树脂基复合材料内部离面位移场和应变场分布的动态测量

为了快速动态测量树脂基复合材料内部的受力变形情况,利用光学干涉谱域相位对照B扫描方法,对存在孔洞缺陷的树脂基复合材料样件内部的离面位移场和应变场进行了测量。分别对机械载荷和热载荷作用下的复合材料样件进行了弯曲变形和热变形实验,然后对实验中得到的相位差数据进行解卷绕,计算得出了材料内部的离面位移场分布和应变场分布。实验显示:得到的结果能够清晰反映复合材料内部缺陷周围受力变形的动态过程,观测到的材料应力集中区域的位移和应变明显大于完好部分,透视得到了测量材料表层以下1mm连续深度的变形情况。该方法能够实现亚微米级的位移场测量精度,并可对材料的变形过程进行动态测量,是一种进行材料力学特性分析的有效手段。     

Measurement of continuous bending deformation for circuit boards by digital holographic interferometry

采用离轴菲涅耳数字全息干涉术实现了对电路板表面的连续弯曲形变测量.在电路板两端依次施加0.01 mm至15 mm位移载荷过程中,记录了l 501幅全息图.通过相邻两幅全息图数值重建的复振幅相位分布相减得到干涉相位差,根据相位差与离面位移的关系计算得到照明测量区域的离面位移,通过累加获得了施加1～15 mm位移载荷时电路板表面的弯曲形变测量结果.由5块相同规格电路板上照明测量区域中同一电容中心点的离面位移,计算得到测量结果的A类不确定度不超过0.008 mm,加载夹具引起的测量结果的B类不确定度为0.003 5 mm,测量结果的合成不确定度不超过0.008 7 mm.实验表明这种利用离轴菲涅耳数字全息干涉术测量物体大位移连续弯曲形变的方法具有良好的重复性和稳定性.     

利用数字全息干涉术测量电路板的连续弯曲形变

采用离轴菲涅耳数字全息干涉术实现了对电路板表面的连续弯曲形变测量。在电路板两端依次施加0.01mm至15mm位移载荷过程中,记录了1 501幅全息图。通过相邻两幅全息图数值重建的复振幅相位分布相减得到干涉相位差,根据相位差与离面位移的关系计算得到照明测量区域的离面位移,通过累加获得了施加1～15mm位移载荷时电路板表面的弯曲形变测量结果。由5块相同规格电路板上照明测量区域中同一电容中心点的离面位移,计算得到测量结果的A类不确定度不超过0.008mm,加载夹具引起的测量结果的B类不确定度为0.003 5mm,测量结果的合成不确定度不超过0.008 7mm。实验表明这种利用离轴菲涅耳数字全息干涉术测量物体大位移连续弯曲形变的方法具有良好的重复性和稳定性。     

T800碳纤维增强树脂基单向复合材料动态力学性能测试研究

使用霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对国产T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂基单向复合材料的动态压缩性能进行测试,根据样品内应力均匀和恒应变率加载要求,优选了整形器尺寸和样品尺寸,并对复合材料的动态压缩性能和失效方式进行了初步探索。结果表明,通过控制退火态紫铜整形器直径和撞击杆入射速度,可以获得具有不同上升沿斜率的加载波,厚度为0.5mm、直径为8mm的紫铜整形器可以获得理想的入射波;厚度为7mm、直径为12mm的圆柱型样品可实现动态压缩过程中的恒应变率加载;在动态压缩条件下,碳纤维增强环氧树脂单向复合材料具有显著的应变硬化和应变率强化效应,其断裂形式包括纤维/基体脱粘、纤维拔出断裂、复合材料整体剪切断裂、基体解理开裂和基体分层剪切断裂等5种混合断裂形式。     

基于正弦相位调制的光纤干涉位移测量系统研究

针对全光纤干涉仪工作距离短、测量范围小等问题,提出了一种基于正弦相位调制的全光纤干涉系统,在参考臂通过电光调制器引入的调制参考光,与探头接收到的目标反射光产生干涉。根据锁相放大原理从干涉信号中提取出正交分量后,首先建立由正交分量构成的观测模型,通过卡尔曼滤波对正交分量的幅值和偏置进行迭代估计和修正,降低由相位延迟、调制深度漂移、寄生干扰等导致的幅值漂移和附加偏置;然后利用反正切法对反射光与参考光之间的相位差进行解调。开展了模拟干涉信号的相位解算仿真模拟和位移测量实验。仿真和实验验证了该算法解算相位的有效性。结果表明,该位移测量系统的工作距离可达到20 cm,测量精度为10 nm。     

Interferometric displacement measurement of microcantilevers based on integrated dual gratings

介绍了一种基于集成双光栅干涉和CCD图像测量的微梁位移测量方法,并利用相位差约为π/2的一组光栅实现了扩量程位移检测.利用表面牺牲层工艺制作敏感芯片,在玻璃基底上刻蚀深度约为入射激光波长1/8的凹槽,凹槽上下的两组光栅与正上方对应的梁分别构成两组相位敏感集成光栅单元.利用1级衍射光将集成光栅单元成像在CCD靶面上,梁的位移变化通过CCD图像上对应光斑的灰度值变化来反映.实验结果表明,虽然玻璃凹槽腐蚀深度的误差导致光栅之间的相位差偏离π/2,但所制作的集成双光栅结构实现了多周期的扩量程位移检测,通过接近π/2相位差的两个光栅得到的光强信号的错峰使用,避免了干涉法正弦位移检测信号的峰谷不灵敏位置,实验测得微梁的位移变化为650 nm.     

集成双光栅干涉微梁位移测量方法

介绍了一种基于集成双光栅干涉和CCD图像测量的微梁位移测量方法,并利用相位差约为π/2的一组光栅实现了扩量程位移检测。利用表面牺牲层工艺制作敏感芯片,在玻璃基底上刻蚀深度约为入射激光波长1/8的凹槽,凹槽上下的两组光栅与正上方对应的梁分别构成两组相位敏感集成光栅单元。利用1级衍射光将集成光栅单元成像在CCD靶面上,梁的位移变化通过CCD图像上对应光斑的灰度值变化来反映。实验结果表明,虽然玻璃凹槽腐蚀深度的误差导致光栅之间的相位差偏离π/2,但所制作的集成双光栅结构实现了多周期的扩量程位移检测,通过接近π/2相位差的两个光栅得到的光强信号的错峰使用,避免了干涉法正弦位移检测信号的峰谷不灵敏位置,实验测得微梁的位移变化为650nm。     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料三点弯曲超高周疲劳实验研究

开展了碳纤维树脂基复合材料三点弯曲超高周疲劳实验,对比了无冷却、间断加载、压缩冷空气及液氮四种冷却方式,并利用红外热像仪对试件的温度进行监控,研究了碳纤维树脂基复合材料在超声频加载下的热效应。结果表明:碳纤维树脂基复合材料在超声频加载时会产生明显的温升现象,并对其弯曲模量及谐振频率产生较大影响,严重时甚至会出现试件烧蚀现象;采用液氮冷却可保证试件在超声加载过程中温度不超过其玻璃态转化温度;当应力循环次数超过10~7时试件在超高周范围仍会发生疲劳破坏,破坏形式包括分层、基体开裂两种。     

用多模光纤作电子散斑位移实时测量

激光通过多模光纤,在出射端产生散斑场。采用电荷耦合器件CCD 作为接收元件,记录下物体位移前后散斑场的光强度分布,由微机分别计算出位移前后的散斑光强相关函数。两个相关峰的位置变化直接代表了物体位移的大小。这种电子散斑测量系统具有快速、准确、测量范围较大的特点,并可实时测量。     

计算机辅助相位测量及其计算方法

一、概述干涉计量中的整数干涉级是显而易见的,测量其小数部分往往不是轻而易举的。根据干涉图上的密度分布可以确定两点之间的位相差,但不知道哪一点是高点,哪一点是低点。在扫描过程中测量两点的相位差可以完全确定干涉场上两点的几何性质。用A/D转换接口采集若干次扫描过程中的光强,在微机辅助之下不但可以测出相位差,而且能立即转换成有关几何性质的数据。这种方法便于大量测量数据的分析、处理和保存,也可用于控制。在扫描过程中干涉场上的两点的光强变化,经检测器转化为电压的变化,可表示为     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.