纳米压痕技术表征Al2O3/3%TiO2爆炸喷涂涂层的各向异性

利用纳米压痕技术研究了爆炸喷涂涂层的微观结构特征和力学性能的关系。结果表明:相对于涂层表面,涂层横截面存在着尺度分布较宽的孔洞和微裂纹等缺陷;涂层微观结构的各向异性使得涂层的弹性、塑性、硬度和弹性模量等出现各向异性;与涂层横截面相比,涂层表面具有较好的抵抗外加载荷的能力和卸栽后良好的弹性恢复能力;涂层表面的硬度和弹性模量分别为10．3 GPa和170．7 GPa,而涂层横截面的分别为2．9 GPa和234．5 GPa。     

磁控溅射制备高熵碳化物(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层摩擦学性能

为改善高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,通过石墨与AlTiVCrNb高熵合金靶共溅射制备(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的成分、表截面形貌和物相,采用纳米压痕仪、球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的硬度、弹性模量和摩擦学性能,采用白光干涉三维形貌仪表征涂层的磨损情况。试验结果表明：随着涂层中碳含量增加,高熵组分从BCC/FCC双相向单一FCC结构转变,且涂层的微观组织结构也随之变化;由于碳化物的形成和固溶强化,涂层呈现良好的摩擦学性能;在涂层碳原子分数为20.83%时,涂层的摩擦性能和力学性能达到最优,此时摩擦因数最低,为0.35,涂层硬度与弹性模量最高,分别为17.84、182.72 GPa。研究表明,在磁控溅射工艺中石墨与AlTiVCrNb高熵合金共溅射,可以获得摩擦学性能良好的高熵碳化物(AlTiVCrNb)C涂层。     

轮胎模具DLC涂层摩擦学性能研究

为了探究高性能轮胎模具DLC涂层的应用前景,提升轮胎模具耐磨减摩性,采用化学气相沉积法在35#钢基体上制备了厚约1.6μm的DLC涂层,利用SEM、AFM、Raman光谱仪、纳米压痕仪、端面摩擦磨损试验机对DLC涂层的表面微观结构和摩擦学性能进行了研究,试验及测试结果表明,用化学气相沉积法制备的DLC涂层表面光滑致密,颗粒细小均匀,粗糙度小;DLC涂层具有极好的抗磨减摩特性,比35#钢耐磨,纳米硬度和弹性模量高达20.27 GPa和184.63 GPa;在140℃高温条件下,摩擦系数低至0.454 4。DLC涂层优异的抗磨减摩特性可有效提高轮胎模具的工作性能-抗粘胶、易脱模、寿命长,为制造高性能DLC轮胎模具提供摩擦学方面理论依据。     

多弧离子镀制备纳米多层TiAlSiN涂层的性能研究

采用多靶阴极电弧离子镀系统在硬质合金基体上沉积纳米多层结构的Ti Al Si N硬质涂层,该结构是通过Ti Al N涂层与Ti Si N涂层的交替叠加而制备的。实验同时制备了Ti Al N涂层、Ti Al Si N单层涂层与纳米多层涂层进行性能对比分析,用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS对涂层结构形貌及成分进行了分析,用划痕法和纳米压痕法分别对涂层的结合力与纳米硬度进行了测试,同时也测试了涂层在不锈钢车削上的性能表现。结果表明,Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层硬度高达33 GPa,同时在不锈钢车削上以Ti Al Si N纳米多层涂层性能最优,而Ti Al Si N单层涂层性能最差。     

环氧/聚氨脂梯度功能耐磨涂层性能的有限元分析

用有限元模拟纳米压痕和划痕试验,对Q235钢基体上制备的不同厚度环氧/聚氨脂梯度功能涂层的硬度和摩擦性能进行了分析.结果表明:涂层厚度对梯度功能涂层的性能有很大的影响,厚度为5.5 μm梯度功能涂层的性能要优于厚度为11.0 μm和22.0 μm的涂层;三种涂层的硬度分别为45.6,36.4和29.3 GPa,摩擦因数分别为0.024,0.036和0.057;涂层厚度越小,耐磨性能越好.     

多弧离子镀制备多层TiAlCrN涂层的性能研究

利用多弧离子镀技术,采用TiAl和AlCr合金靶材在硬质合金基体上交替沉积制备TiAlCrN纳米多层涂层,同时采用TiAlCr合金靶制备了单层TiAlCrN涂层进行性能对比。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱分析法(EDS)分析了涂层的微观结构及成分,利用划痕法和纳米压痕法测试了涂层的结合力与纳米硬度,最后搭配硬质合金铣刀片测试了两种涂层在模具钢铣削上的性能表现。结果表明,TiAlCrN纳米多层涂层结构致密,多层层间界面清晰平整,涂层结合力优异,涂层硬度高达33.1GPa。在铣削合金钢方面,TiAlCrN纳米多层涂层的切削寿命较TiAlCrN单层涂层提升40%以上,铣削性能优异。     

离子镀TiCN和TiN工具涂层的微结构与切削性能

采用电弧离子镀技术在硬质合金铣刀和钻头上镀覆了TiCN和TiN涂层,研究并比较了两种涂层的微结构与力学性能,以及涂层铣刀的高速切削性能和涂层钻头的切削性能。结果表明,TiCN和TiN涂层同为单相的Na-Cl型结构,并都呈现(111)择优取向的柱状晶,TiCN涂层的硬度为34.6GPa,远高于TiN涂层25.1GPa的硬度。在高速铣削条件下,TiCN涂层铣刀的后刀面磨损速率仅为TiN涂层铣刀的约三分之一。TiCN涂层钻头在钻孔数为TiN涂层钻头两倍时的磨损量仍低于TiN涂层钻头。TiCN涂层的高硬度及在较高切削线速度下的减摩作用是这种涂层刀具寿命提高的重要原因。     

激光熔覆Zr基涂层的组织性能研究

在纯Ti(TA2)基体上分别激光熔覆Zr65Al7．5Ni10Cu17．5和Zr65Al7．5Nil0Cu17．5 0．8％C合金粉末，对涂层进行了X射线衍射分析、SEM观察和TEM分析，可知涂层由金属间化合物(其中包括纳米晶)和少量的非晶组成。这种具有高比强度、高硬度和高抗氧化性的金属间化合物与非晶相混合的复合涂层具有较好的性能，两种涂层的最高硬度分别达到1114．4HK和977．8HK。     

喷砂对TiAlN涂层组织结构及切削性能的影响

采用阴极电弧蒸发沉积法在WC-Co硬质合金表面制备TiAlN涂层,利用不同喷砂时间和压力对涂层表面进行处理,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和CSM纳米硬度计测定处理前后的涂层内应力、物相、表面形貌、纳米硬度等性能指标,研究不同喷砂时间和压力对涂层组织结构和力学性能的影响,同时通过对比不同喷砂时间和压力处理后的样品在铣削P20钢材的性能和磨损机理,得出随着喷砂时间和压力的增大,涂层表面液滴逐渐被去除,表面粗糙度减小从而使表面光洁度提升,调整涂层内应力状态,性能明显提升,其中钢件铣削加工最优涂层残余应力范围为-5.3～-5.7GPa。     

高速钢上TiN涂层残余应力的曲率测试和有限元分析

采用多弧离子镀在W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢上沉积五种不同厚度TiN涂层,用曲率法和有限元法研究TiN涂层残余应力和构成。结果表明涂层厚度对其残余应力有很大影响,特别是对本征应力。当涂层厚度从3μm变化到11μm时,TiN涂层总残余应力分布在-3.12～-2.29GPa之间;热应力分布在-1.96～-1.92GPa之间;本征应力分布在-1.17～-0.37GPa之间。其中热应力所占的比例较大,约占62%～68%。当膜基比ξ0.017时,总残余应力随ξ的增加呈非线性增加;当ξ=0.017时,该值达到最大值-3.12GPa;当ξ0.017时,该值随ξ的增加而下降。造成这种变化的主要原因是涂层本征应力受涂层结构影响较大,随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层中孔洞、过冷液滴以及界面微裂纹等缺陷也随之增加,导致涂层中本征应力得到有效释放。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.