动叶片综合气膜冷却方式对涡轮气动性能的影响

文中计算模型选用某型燃气轮机涡轮的第一列动叶,通过中心差分格式对叶栅流场进行数值模拟。通过在前缘、尾缘、吸力面、压力面以及压力面上端壁附近开设冷气孔,在下端壁前缘附近开设冷气槽等方式对叶片进行综合冷却,分析了能量损失系数、冷却效率以及温度场的分布情况和其对透平的气动性能的影响。结果表明:喷射冷气后,能量损失系数与无冷气喷射时能量损失系数沿叶高分布趋势相同,端区损失略大,中部损失较低,喷射冷气后,顶部能量损失系数略高于根部。组合冷却条件下,叶片中部吸力面和压力面冷却效率都较高,压力面冷却效率基本不变;叶片根部压力面前缘冷却效率较低,吸力面则较高;在顶部情况与根部正好相反。吸力面喷射冷气时,在冷气孔列附近冷气可以很好地贴合叶片吸力面表面,对叶片吸力面进行冷却,压力面一侧在冷气孔列之后冷气很好地贴合在叶片表面,对叶片冷却效果比较理想。     

动叶片尾缘不同气膜冷却方式对涡轮气动性能的影响

计算模型选用某型燃气轮机透平的第一列动叶,通过中心差分格式对叶栅流场进行数值模拟。文中通过改变冷气喷射角度计算了多种不同的尾缘气膜冷却方案,分析了这些方案下,能量损失系数、冷却效率以及温度场的分布情况和其对透平的气动性能的影响。结果表明:在尾缘区域喷射冷气进行冷却时,冷气喷射方向与法线成80°时,由于冷气喷射方向接近主流流向,能量损失系数最低,但尾缘区域冷却效果不明显,摩擦因数较高,压力变化明显。在与法线成70°和75°喷射冷气时,能量损失系数也比较低,冷却效果比较明显,总体看来,与法线成70°喷射冷气时的气动效果和冷却效果都比较好。     

一种高速冷气涡轮的设计计算方法

通过对一种高速冷气涡轮进行研究,结合计算实例,分析了其结构参数对涡轮输出功率以及效率的影响．从而为优化冷气涡轮设计、提高性能参数提供了参考依据。     

不同前缘气膜冷气流下某涡轮叶栅流场分析

针对引入前缘气膜冷却的某高压涡轮转子叶片，运用NUMECA进行建模，对引入气膜冷却后的涡轮叶栅流场进行分析，得到了加入前缘气冷后温度、速度、总压等参数的变化。再改变前缘气膜冷气流量，得到了不同流量工况下涡轮叶栅流场的变化情况。通过计算得到结论，冷气流量增大，气膜与叶片壁面分离位置提前，整体流速更快到达最大值且沿着壁面下降更快。冷气流量减小，冷却效率降低；吹风比越大，不同冷气流下冷却效率的变化更为集中；但随着冷气流的改变，总压恢复系数没有发生本质变化。     

混合气膜冷却隔热屏壁温计算与冷却特性分析

针对三气(燃气、冷气、大气)、两壁(隔热屏、燃烧室外壁)、一膜(隔热屏冷气膜)的燃烧室物理模型,建立了它们之间气动与传热互相耦合的隔热屏二维壁温计算模型.模型中考虑了燃气、空气的动力粘性系数和导热系数随温度的变化,以及燃气温度轴向的非线形变化.利用该模型针对某燃烧室设计进行壁温预测,并进行了三种增大冷气量方法的冷却效果比较,研究了同比例减小孔径和孔间距的冷却特性.计算结果表明:每增加1%冷气量,平均隔热屏温度降低约30K,同比例减小孔径和孔间距可以不增大冷气用量而降低隔热屏壁温,孔径减半,平均温度降低40K左右,孔径越小降低幅度越大.     

涡轮叶片细微冷却通道周边区域应力分析

提高军用燃气涡轮发动机的性能的关键是提高涡轮前燃气温度,涡轮前燃气温度受到材料和冷却技术的制约。探索新的高效冷却方法对于提高涡轮前燃气温度有重要的作用。本文分别采用圆环和球壳模型,对具有重要应用前景的涡轮叶片新型冷却方法的泡沫多孔结构及细微冷却通道周边区域的应力进行具体的分析,对该结构的强度可行性进行了初步的论证,为这一新型冷却方法的进一步研究奠立结构强度分析的基础。     

对转涡轮气动方案设计技术研究

通过某型发动机的总体技术要求得到涡轮的设计参数，进而设计出涡轮通道并对涡轮的气动性能进行计算。将常规涡轮改成对转涡轮进行计算分析，同样可以达到设计要求。通过分析两种涡轮的气动计算结果，发现常规涡轮的设计体系同样适用于对转涡轮。     

排尘孔涡轮冷却叶片叶顶流动与传热研究

涡轮叶片叶顶排尘孔用于清除冷气中掺杂的尘粒,以保证气膜孔和冲击孔的可靠工作,但排尘孔射流引起叶顶流动和传热问题。采用参数化方法建立有、无排尘孔涡轮冷却叶片几何模型,基于包含叶片主体、主燃气通道和三腔回流式内冷却通道的全局模型,采用流热耦合数值分析,开展排尘孔对涡轮冷却叶片叶顶流动与传热问题的初步研究。研究结果表明,对比有、无排尘孔叶片,排尘孔射流可降低叶顶平均温度约25 K;冷却通道对流换热作用和叶顶排尘孔射流可使叶顶平面降温400～600 K,冷却效果与冷却通道冷气流量和尘孔结构在叶顶位置相关;排尘孔叶顶射流对叶顶间隙高温燃气泄漏具有阻碍作用,可以提高叶片总压恢复系数约0.5%～1.5%,随着冷气流量的增大,这种作用增强;尘孔结构设计应兼顾射流对叶顶流动与传热的共同影响。     

燃气涡轮导叶冷却结构设计及数值模拟的研究

在我国制造业的进一步发展之下,对于整机发电效率的要求也越来越高,因此,人们开始尝试通过提升燃气轮机涡轮中燃气的进口温度,以有效实现燃气轮机的性能优化。而在此过程中,燃气涡轮导叶冷却结构则直接影响着燃气轮机的实际运行,基于此,本文尝试对燃气涡轮导叶冷却结构设计及数值模拟进行简要分析研究。     

低雷诺数涡轮性能计算研究

以某单级涡轮和某两级涡轮为研究对象,基于发展的子午面流线曲率法计算程序,采用四种含雷诺数效应的损失模型,对涡轮气动热力性能进行了数值模拟计算分析,对比分析了各种损失模型在基本假设、损失机理、损失预测、涡轮性能计算方面的差异.论文特别针对低雷诺数工作条件下航空燃气涡轮的性能进行了数值计算,分析研究了雷诺数变化情况下,涡轮性能变化的规律,比较了不同涡轮损失模型对低雷诺数涡轮性能计算的结果.分析结果表明,由于在基本原理和基本假设等方面的差异,不同损失模型的适用条件不同,预测结果差异也较大,在涡轮设计中应特别予以注意.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.