Asymmetric alumina-based ultrathin composite ceramic membranes with interfacial modification of black talc nanosheets

In this work, ultrathin planar alumina-based ceramic membranes with asymmetric structure and thickness less than 0.85 mm were successfully prepared by one-step molding phase transformation/sintering method using low-cost black talc (BT) nanosheets for the first time. The microstructure, pore structure, mechanical strength and permeability of novel ceramic membranes were systematically investigated with different BT amount and sintering temperatures. The doping of BT nanosheets effectively modulated the interfacial bonding area and strength between the grains, achieving significant increase in flexural strength through the evolution of the dense layer structure. The asymmetric structural features formed by the phase transformation/sintering process in combination with polymer substrate significantly reduced the thickness of effective separation layer, thus weakening the loss of flux caused by the densification of the film layer due to the interfacial modification process. Moreover, the organic carbon layers between BT layers were oxidized during the sintering process, forming fine pores and increasing the porosity, which showed to be unique characteristic different from other clay mineral materials. The prepared composite membrane had the pure water flux up to 16335 L m⁻² h⁻¹/bar at 1350 °C sintering, which achieved stable permeation of ∼5200 L m⁻² h⁻¹/bar and high retention over 90% for O/W emulsions.     

空气/水双冷型PV/T一体化组件实验与模拟研究

提出一种空气/水双冷型PV/T一体化组件,搭建2套测试平台开展PV/T组件的空冷、水冷、空气-水复合冷却实验,研究不同工作模式下组件的性能表现。实验结果表明：3种工作模式均可对光伏组件进行有效冷却,空冷、水冷、复合冷却模式组件综合效率分别为76.05%、74.51%、84.83%,其吸热板温度较无工质冷却模块分别可降低19.08、27.58和35.16℃。为进一步分析设计参数对PV/T组件电热特性的影响,利用ANSYS构建组件的三维数值模型,并通过实验数据验证模型的准确性。模拟显示：采用双风道翅片式结构可有效提升组件电热性能;随着环境温度的升高（10～40℃）,组件的综合效率由61.85%增至80.31%。     

Systematical study on the roles of transition alloying substitutions on anti-disproportionation reaction of ZrCo during charging and releasing hydrogen

Intermetallic alloy ZrCo is believed to be a good substitution for uranium to store tritium. Nevertheless, disproportionation reaction often happens during the hydriding and dehydriding processes, and hydrogen storage property of ZrCo is therefore degraded. Alloying elements are often used to substitute Zr or Co in ZrCo to restrain disproportionation reaction. However, many experimental results do not agree with each other, and it lacks overall tendency for all transition metal elements. In this work, systematical ab initio calculations are performed to study more than 20 transition alloying elements to substitute Co and Zr in ZrCoH₃ to study the anti-disproportionation effects. It is found that substitution of Co by transition metal elements on anti-disproportionation reaction is unconspicuous, and only Ni can enlarge Zr–H bond length and decrease the volume of 8e site, presenting anti-disproportionation effect, which qualitatively agrees with the previous experiments. In contrast, all transition alloying elements considered except Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os and Ir replacing Zr can both enlarge the length of Zr–H bond and decrease the volume of 8e site, and thus restrain the disproportionation effects. At last, two-dimensional charge density and density of states are calculated to analyze the underlying mico-mechanisms affecting the effects of transition alloying elements on anti-disproportionation reaction.     

基于MODIS数据的海表温度反演

海表温度（sea surface temperature , SST）对海洋科学的研究具有重要意义。通过卫星遥感反演是获得SST数据的方法之一。基于C#和IDL语言构建针对EOS/MODIS数据的海表温度反演软件,讨论软件的功能,同时给出具体的反演处理过程。最后以我国南海海域为例,将软件反演结果与实测数据对比。结果显示,反演结果与实测数据的线性相关系数约为0.91,标准误差约为0.7°C。反演结果以期对海洋开发探测提供参考。     

八公山腐乳酿制过程中毛霉和根霉的前期发酵比较研究

八公山腐乳前期发酵工艺对其总体风味具有重要影响,围绕腐乳酿制中常用的总状毛霉（Mucorracemosus）和米根霉（Rhizopus oryzae）开展工艺探索具有重要意义。在单因素试验的基础上,选取发酵时间、发酵温度和接种量为影响因子,以蛋白酶活力为评价指标,采用响应面法优化总状毛霉和米根霉发酵腐乳的前期发酵条件,比较最优条件下二者前期发酵分泌酶系和氨基酸。研究结果表明总状毛霉的前期发酵条件为：发酵时间60 h、发酵温度24 ℃、接种量1.0×105 CFU/mL,此时分泌产蛋白酶活力为42.79 μg/mL;米根霉的前期发酵条件为：发酵时间50 h、发酵温度32 ℃、接种量1.0×105 CFU/mL,此时分泌产蛋白酶活力为33.51 μg/mL。通过对二者前期发酵的情况比较分析可知：总状毛霉发酵前期产物中蛋白酶活力高于米根霉,而淀粉酶、糖化酶、脂肪酶活力低于米根霉。总状毛霉发酵产物的氨基酸总量高于米根霉,但其中呈味氨基酸和疏水氨基酸差别不大。两种菌的前期发酵互有优势,为协同作用提供了一定的理论依据。     

Tensile testing of free-standing Cu,Ag and Al thin films and Ag/Cu multilayers

Free standing polycrystalline thin films with a strong 〈111〉 texture were tested in uniaxial tension. Studied were electron-beam deposited Ag, Cu and Al films, and Ag/Cu multilayers consisting of alternating Ag and Cu layers of equal thickness, between 1.5 nm and 1.5 μm (bilayer repeat length, λ, between 3 nm and 3 μm). The films had a total thickness of about 3 μm. A thin polymeric two-dimensional diffraction grid was deposited on the film surface by microlithographic techniques. Strains were measured in situ from the relative displacements of two laser spots diffracted from the grid. The average values of the Young’s moduli, determined from hundreds of measurements, are 63 GPa for Ag, 102 GPa for Cu, 57 GPa for Al and 87.5 GPa for Ag/Cu multilayers. In all cases, these values are about 20% lower than those calculated from the literature data and, for the Ag/Cu multilayers, are independent of λ. No “supermodulus” effect was observed. The 20% reduction in modulus is most likely the result of incomplete cohesion (“microcracking”) of the grain boundaries. The ductility of the Ag/Cu multilayers decreases when λ is reduced. For λ<80 nm, the films are brittle at room temperature: they break without macroscopic plastic flow. For λ>80 nm, the yield stress increases with decreasing λ according to a Hall–Petch-type relation. No softening with decreasing grain size was observed even at the lowest values of λ.     

Enhanced thermodynamic properties of ZrNiH3 by substitution with transition metals (V,Ti, Fe,Mn and Cr)

First-principles calculations based on Plane-Wave Self-Consistent Field (PWSCF) method, implemented in quantum espresso program, have been performed on ZrNiH₃ substituted with transition metals (V, Ti, Fe, Mn, and Cr). The study aims to investigate the heat of formation in terms of material stability and desorption temperature. It is found that the substitution by transition metals, results in a significant enhancement in the thermodynamic properties accompanied by an increase of the volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities. In addition, the obtained values of heat of formation and desorption temperature corroborate with that required by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for stability and volumetric capacity criteria. Moreover, Mn and Fe elements are found to present the lowest substituting content (34%) to obtain optimum hydrogen storage characteristics (enthalpy of formation of - 40 kJ/mol.H₂, decomposition temperature of 300 K and volumetric capacity of 134 g.H₂/l), without affecting the electronic structure and the metallic character of ZrNiH₃.     

铁矿尾矿库干滩面扬尘分析及防治措施

矿山开发过程中,尾矿库中的干燥尾砂,在露天堆存状态下会加重大气的环境污染。本文选取霍邱县刘塘坊铁矿尾矿库尾砂样进行了扬尘实验研究,分析了实验风速、含水率与起尘量之间的关系,以及尾砂粒径在排放口与干滩表面的分布变化规律,并提出铁矿尾矿库运行期和闭库期扬尘防治措施。     

烧结矿竖罐内气固传递过程的实验研究

摘要：基于热力学第二定律和非平衡热力学理论,推导出烧结矿颗粒床层内气固传递特性的一般关系式,并借助自制气固传热实验平台,研究影响烧结矿床层内气固传递特性的主要因素及其影响规律。结果表明：平均传递系数随空气出口温度的升高而逐渐增加。当空气出口温度大于某一数值时,空气流量的增加和烧结矿颗粒直径的减小会导致平均传递系数的增加,反之亦然。对于某一特定的实验工况,随着颗粒雷诺数的增加,温度传递Nusselt数和平均传递Nusselt数逐渐减小,而压力传递Nusselt数逐渐增加,并且当空气出口温度低于某一数值时,平均传递Nusselt数会出现小于0的情况,对强化烧结矿床层内气固传热过程不利。     

A novel hybrid iron-calcium catalyst/absorbent for enhanced hydrogen production via catalytic tar reforming with in-situ CO2 capture

An iron-calcium hybrid catalyst/absorbent (Ca–Al–Fe) is developed by a two-step sol-gel method to enhance tar conversion, cyclic CO₂ capture and mechanical strength of absorbent for hydrogen production in calcium looping gasification. The developed catalyst/absorbent consists of CaO and brownmillerite (Ca₂Fe₂O₅) with mayenite (Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃) as inert support. Comparing with three candidate absorbents without Ca₂Fe₂O₅ or Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃, cyclic carbonation reactivity and mechanical strength of Ca–Al–Fe are largely promoted. Meanwhile, Ca–Al–Fe approaches the maximum conversion rate of 1-methyl naphthalene (1-MN) with enhanced hydrogen yield around 0.15 mol/(h·g) under reforming conditions of present study. Ca–Al–Fe also shows the largest CO₂ absorption and lowest coke deposition. Influences of operation variables on 1-MN reforming are evaluated and recommended conditions can be iron to CaO mass ratio of 10%, reaction temperature of 800 °C and steam to carbon in 1-MN mole ratio of 2.0. Ca–Al–Fe hybrid catalyst/absorbent presents good potential to be applied in future.