Effect of dispersion and ion concentration on radio frequency heating

Radio frequency (RF) heating has been applied to process foods due to its unique advantages like volumetric heating. To investigate the interaction between dispersed liquid food and electromagnetic field, four dispersion structures, formed by polypropylene pellets dispersed in the samples, and six solutions with different ion concentrations were analyzed. The Results showed that 4 mm dispersion structure and 0.01 mol/L ion concentration involved in the highest heating rate and made the heating rate increase from 1.23 °C/min to 5.53 °C/min. For materials with different ion concentrations, the maximum heating rate corresponded to the dispersion structure of different sizes. But the dispersion structure would reduce the heating uniformity of the horizontal surface of materials. It suggested that dispersion structure and an proper ion concentration could change the material into a dispersed status, further improve RF heating rate, and ensure the efficiency of sterilization as well as retain the nutrition of foodstuffs.     

Membrane based detection of genetically modified organisms in some representatives food

Recently, DNA-based techniques became very common for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. For rapid and easy detection of GMOs, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening methods, which amplify common transgenic elements, are applied in routine analysis. Incorporation of PCR and membrane method introduced in this study offer an alternative detection of GMOs. In this study, a total of 32 samples and three certified reference materials were tested for the existence of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene residues. Dot blot screening system introduced in this study can be routinely used as a semi-quantitative screening of GMOs.     

Changes in the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels from different cultivars after in vitro digestion

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in vitro digestion on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of citrus peels. Three different varieties of citrus peels (mandarin, ponkan and red tangerine) were treated with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The results showed that the SGF or SIF treatments of the citrus peels did not significantly increase the total phenolic content (TPC) or total flavonoid content (TFC), except for that of the TFC of ponkan peel treated with SGF. However, simulated in vitro digestion did improve the antioxidant activities measured with FRAP and ABTS methods. The effect of SGF was more positive than those of SIF for the FRAP assay, but the opposite was true for ABTS. Notably, both simulated digestion techniques decreased the DPPH free radical scavenging abilities. Simulated digestion in vitro changed the antioxidant activities of the citrus peels.     

Effect of ozone treatment on aflatoxin B1 and safety evaluation of ozonized corn

This paper studies the ozone treatment effect on degradation of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in corn with different moisture content (MC). The toxicity of the degradation products (DPs) of the ozone-treated AFB₁-Contaminated Corn (ACC) was also evaluated using the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) as model cells. The degradation rate of AFB₁ in corn increases with ozone concentration and treatment time. The results showed that ACC with 13.47% MC was easier to be degraded by ozone than with 20.37% MC. Treated with 90 mg L⁻¹ ozone for 20 min and 40 min, AFB₁ in corn with 13.47% MC decreased from 83 μg kg⁻¹ to 18.12 μg kg⁻¹ and 9.9 μg kg⁻¹, respectively, well meeting the China National Standard of AFB₁ in corn (20 μg kg⁻¹). In order to evaluate the safety of ozone used on ACC, the impacts of AFB₁ as well as untreated and ozone-treated ACC with the same level of AFB₁ content on HepG2's survival rate, morphology, and apoptosis were studied. The results showed that ACC had high cell toxicity while the toxicity of ozone-treated ACC had no significant difference with that of the AFB₁-free culture solution. It is concluded that ozonation can quickly and effectively degrade AFB₁ in corn and diminish ACC's toxicity, and therefore, ozonation is expected to be an effective, fast, and safe method for AFB₁ degradation in ACC.     

Highly luminescent film functionalized with CdTe quantum dots by layer‐by‐layer assembly

Robust and facile strategies are required to fabricate film with high luminescence for application in the fields of biomaterials. In this study, the luminescent electrospinning cellulose fibrous mats were decorated with CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) using layer by layer (LBL). The characterizations of the LBL films coated mats were executed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The luminescent intensities were linearly increased with adding the amount of deposited bilayers. The green fabricated (QDs/PDDA)_n coated mat through physical interactions is a promising luminescent material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41893.     

A reliable and sensitive time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) for ochratoxin A in agro-products

Immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) are considered as a suitable diagnostic tool for the detection of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins and especially, ochratoxin A are analytes with more demanding sensitivity requirements. To enhance the sensitivity of current immunochromatographic assays for ochratoxin A (OTA), a novel sensitive ICA was developed in this study. In the assay, microspheres enclosing fluorescent europium (III) [Eu(III)] nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as a label for OTA monoclonal antibody (OTA-mAb) conjugation. Accordingly, assay was called time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA). The test strip was composed of three parts: a sample pad, nitrocellulose membrane and an absorbent pad. As for detection, a proper concentration of conjugated microspheres was pipetted into the microtube and sample extract was added to it. Then the strip was inserted into the tube and the fluid flow along the strip. The TRFICA results were obtained in 8 min and read by a portable TRFICA strip reader. The established method allows quantitative determination of OTA with limit of detection as low as 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ in the samples. For validation, spiked samples including wheat, maize, soybean and rice were respectively assayed by TRFICA and a standard high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), and good agreement of results was obtained between two methods.     

挤压处理下组织化核桃蛋白品质变化

作为核桃制油副产物的核桃蛋白是一种优质植物蛋白,核桃蛋白高值化利用,对核桃产业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究采用挤压法对核桃蛋白进行组织化,考察挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白色泽、质构特性和组织化度的影响。通过采用单因素法,研究了挤压温度、水分含量、螺杆转速、喂料速度和冷却温度5个挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白的影响。根据单因素试验结果,选择挤压温度、水分含量和喂料速度三个参数为响应面实验的试验因素,以组织化度为响应值,应用响应面分析法对挤压工艺参数进行优化,得到了最优挤压工艺参数为挤压温度141 ℃,水分含量52.7%,螺杆转速160 r/min,喂料速度26 g/min,冷却温度65 ℃,此时组织化度为1.209。该研究为核桃蛋白基素肉开发奠定了基础。     

物理法在淀粉改性中的研究进展

淀粉作为仅次于纤维素的可再生性资源,具有价廉易得、可降解性和易转变成淀粉衍生物等特点。长期以来世界各国都十分重视淀粉资源的开发利用研究,尤其通过各种方法对淀粉的改性一直是科技工作者和生产厂商的研究热点。本文综述了国内外的物理方法(如热液处理、微波处理、电离放射线处理、超声波处理、球磨处理、挤压处理等)改性淀粉的形成机理、制备条件以及物理改性淀粉的理化性质和结构变化的基本研究状况,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

外源相容性溶质对S酵母耐盐性及酱油风味形成的研究

研究外源相容性溶质对S酵母(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)耐盐性的影响,并探讨在高盐稀态酿造工艺中添加海藻糖对酱油风味的影响.结果表明,在酵母培养基中添加0.005mol/L海藻糖、甜菜碱和山梨醇,均可以显著改善S酵母在高盐培养基中的生长情况,缩短渗透胁迫条件下S酵母的延滞期,增加生物量,其中海藻糖的渗透保护效果最佳;添加海藻糖可使酱油的主体香味物质HEMF(4-羟基-2-乙基-5-甲基-3-呋喃酮)和乙酸乙酯的含量显著增加,同时促进S酵母合成酱油中典型风味物质4-EG (4-乙基愈创木酚).在酱油高盐稀态酿造中添加相容性溶质,如海藻糖,可有效改善酱油的风味和品质.     

煮烫对榨菜感官品质的影响

以榨菜为材料,将榨菜分为菜皮和菜心分别于沸水中煮烫,研究煮烫时间对榨菜感官品质的影响。结果表明,榨菜的感官品质随着煮烫时间的延长而呈下降趋势,菜心的感官品质总体优于菜皮。具体来说,随着煮烫时间的延长,榨菜质地变软,色泽变暗,蒸煮味愈加明显,并且失去榨菜固有风味。研究可为榨菜的深度开发利用提供理论参考。