香椿干燥特性及其特征香气化合物热降解动力学

对香椿干燥过程中水分迁移规律进行研究,同时考察不同热处理条件对香椿的特征香气有机化合物之一2-巯基-3,4-二甲基-2,3-二氢噻吩（2-Mercapto-3,4-Dimethyl-2,3-Dihydrothiophene,MDD）稳定性的影响,分析MDD热降解的动力学以及热力学规律。结果表明：热处理温度越高,香椿干燥速率越快,符合传统的干燥速率变化规律。MDD降解过程符合一级动力学反应规律和Arrhenius模型,反应速率常数介于0.0155～0.0345min-1之间,并且随着处理温度的升高而增大,不同温度下半衰期分别为44.719、32.239、20.091 min,随着干燥处理温度的升高而呈现出减少的变化趋势,反应的活化能（Ea）为39.052 kJ/mol。焓变（ΔH）为正值说明MDD热降解过程是吸热反应,吉布斯自由能（ΔG）也为正值,说明MDD热降解反应为非自发反应。研究可为有效控制香椿加工生产过程特征风味物质的降解提供理论依据。     

乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响,利用植物乳杆菌发酵制作酸面团,添加到青麦仁面包中,并测定小麦面包、青麦仁面包、青麦仁酸面团面包3种样品的质构、感官评价、慢消化性淀粉含量(SDS)、挥发性风味物质等.结果表明:添加酸面团能显著降低样品的硬度、咀嚼性,增大弹性(P＜0.05);添加酸面团的样品其感官评分接近于...     

复合酶法制备小麦面筋蛋白咸味酶解液的工艺优化

为优化小麦面筋蛋白咸味酶解液的制备工艺,并考察其咸度及分子量大小.基于单因素实验,采用Box-Behnken响应面法,以酶添加量、酶解pH、底物浓度以及酶解温度为考察因素,水解度为指标,优化小麦面筋蛋白咸味酶解液的制备工艺,并采用电子舌测定其咸度;高效液相色谱测定其分子量分布.结果表明:制备小麦面筋蛋白咸味酶解液的最优...     

不同板栗品种营养成分及风味物质分析

对6 种板栗的基础营养成分、风味物质进行测定,并对质地进行分析。6 种板栗的营养成分呈现品种和地区差异性,河南大板栗的淀粉、总酸含量较高,而在蛋白质、脂肪、还原糖、VC含量方面河北品种含量较高,各品种的脂肪与还原糖、VC含量呈显著正相关,VC与蛋白、还原糖呈显著正相关,淀粉与VC含量呈显著负相关。各品种板栗氨基酸种类齐全,含量较高的为谷氨酸和天冬氨酸,第1、第2限制氨基酸为半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸,大板红总氨基酸含量最高达32.72 g/kg。检测出46 种香气成分,香气物质种类最高的为大板栗（25 种）,其次为早丰和遵玉（均17 种）,大板红、塔丰及红油栗（16 种）,相对含量高的成分均为醛类达50%以上。板栗各质地参数间的相关性表明,硬度与咀嚼性、胶黏性呈显著正相关,内聚性与胶黏性、咀嚼性呈极显著正相关,弹性与胶黏性、咀嚼性呈一定的负相关,大板红及大板栗在果仁的硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性大于其他几个品种。综合分析认为大板红品质比较优良,由于各地气候条件也有差异,应根据不同地理条件、产品用途等选择合适的品种进行种植及产品加工。     

不同加工工艺的青豆粉营养品质及风味变化分析

与鲜青豆进行比较,研究煮制青豆、烤制青豆、冻干青豆对青豆粉的基本成分、抗氧化性能和香气成分的影响。结果表明：不同加工工艺的青豆粉的淀粉、粗蛋白、总黄酮和总酚含量差异显著（p<0.05）,冷冻干燥青豆粉中总黄酮和总酚含量分别为0.40 g/g和0.96 mg/g;煮制青豆中总黄酮和总酚含量分别为0.30 g/g和0.71 mg/g;冷冻干燥、煮制后的青豆所得青豆粉的自由基清除力、还原力能力较高,而炒制所得青豆粉的抗氧化能力最低。运用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用对鲜青豆和3种加工工艺的青豆粉的香气物质进行分析,鲜青豆、煮制后热风干燥的青豆粉、烤制干燥青豆粉和冷冻干燥青豆粉各自鉴定出17、20、41种和21种挥发性香气成分。综合分析,冷冻干燥和煮制后干燥的青豆粉抗氧化能力较高,能够较好的保存青豆的营养价值,对于青豆的香气也有较好的保留和增加。众所周知冷冻干燥会能耗较大,因此,可选择煮制后热风干燥制作青豆粉。     

淀粉老化过程机理及淀粉抗老化剂应用的研究进展

淀粉老化是淀粉糊化过程中分解的直链淀粉和支链淀粉重新连接并形成更加有序结构的过程。淀粉老化是食品老化的主要原因,对淀粉质食品的感官、储存质量、风味等有不利影响。随着食品行业发展,延长食品货架期、保持食品原有风味及口感愈来愈重要。本文介绍了淀粉老化过程,并从老化动力学、热力学和淀粉晶体等方面探讨淀粉老化机理并综述淀粉老化机理研究方法,在此基础上,介绍抗老化剂在食品体系中的应用,为有效抑制淀粉老化,延长食品的货架期提供理论支持。     

Optimising water activity for storage of high lipid and high protein infant formula milk powder using multivariate analysis

High lipid and high protein infant formula milk powders were stored at water activity of 0.11, 0.33 and 0.53 for up to fourteen weeks at 40 °C to investigate the effect of storage water activity on physicochemical properties and formation of volatiles to thereby recommend optimal storage water activity conditions. Water activity of the powders was determined during storage together with surface colour, glass transition temperature combined with dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the optimal water activity for storage of high lipid infant formula milk powder, for which lipid oxidation was found to be the critical quality parameter, is a_w = 0.33 with lowest lipid oxidation, while for high protein infant formula milk powder, for which protein degradation was found to be the critical quality parameter, a_w = 0.11 is optimal to limit formation of Maillard reaction products.     

Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus and yeast species and their effect on the quality of fermented rice cakes

In this study, microbes were isolated from the rice slurry of a fermented rice cake to obtain lactic acid bacteria and yeast species. These species were identified using microbial physiology and gene sequence analyses. As the growth of the lactic acid bacterial strain R-2b and the yeast J-3a strains were found to be the best, a composite starter comprising these microbes was used for the preparation of fermented rice cakes. Based on single factor and orthogonal experiments, when the proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida humilis was 1:3:6, the optimal fermentation conditions were addition of sugar and starter amounts of 20% and 6%, respectively, a fermentation temperature of 32 °C, and fermentation time of 8 h. The fermented rice cake with this optimum ratio had the most abundant volatile components and qualified physicochemical and microbial indexes. Additionally, the overall quality was better than that of commercially available products.