First-order modeling and stability analysis of illusory contours

In visual cognition, illusions help elucidate certain intriguing latent perceptual functions of the human vision system, and their proper mathematical modeling and computational simulation are therefore deeply beneficial to both biological and computer vision. Inspired by existent prior works, the current paper proposes a first-order energy-based model for analyzing and simulating illusory contours. The lower complexity of the proposed model facilitates rigorous mathematical analysis on the detailed geometric structures of illusory contours. After being asymptotically approximated by classical active contours, the proposed model is then robustly computed using the celebrated level-set method of Osher and Sethian [S. Osher, J.A. Sethian, Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton–Jacobi formulations, J. Comput. Phys., 79 (12) (1988) 12–49] with a natural supervising scheme. Potential cognitive implications of the mathematical results are addressed, and generic computational examples are demonstrated and discussed.     

我国突发性水资源污染事故应急机制的若干问题评述

基于突发性水资源污染事故应急处理现状的分析,对目前我国突发性水资源污染事故防范和应急机制的建立进行探讨,指出当前工作中的三大缺陷,并有针对性地提出如何加快防范突发性水资源污染事故以及建立相关应急机制的进程的若干措施,包括突发污染事故的隐患调查、脆弱性评价、水质预报、动态监测以及应急组织机构等方面,以期能为我国减少突发性水资源污染事故及其损失提供一定的理论分析依据。     

Good agricultural practices in a Brazilian produce plant

A Brazilian produce plant was evaluated according to good agricultural practices (GAPs) using a checklist. The agricultural water was sampled for total and faecal coliform and Escherichia coli counts. Equipment/handler sanitary facilities, the handling of agrochemicals and pesticides, records of the composting process, prior analysis of the irrigation water for the identification of heavy metals and pesticide residues, inadequate temperature control of the raw material storage room, qualified person to manage the operations and periodic training programmes on food manipulation, hygiene and microbiology, were the main critical points found during the inspection. Microbiological analyses of the irrigation water gave counts between 0.3 and 1.2 log MPN/ml for total and faecal coliforms, respectively and absence of E. coli. The results are discussed and the necessary corrections suggested in order to improve process safety.     

Image mosaicking for polyhedral scene and in particular singly visible surfaces

Image mosaic construction is about stitching together a number of images about the same scene to construct a single image with a larger field of view. The majority of the previous work was rooted at the use of a single image-to-image mapping termed planar homography for representing the imaged scene. However, the mapping is applicable only to cases where the imaged scene is either a single planar surface, or very distant from the cameras, or imaged under a pure rotation of the camera, and that greatly limits the range of applications of the mosaicking methods. This paper presents a novel mosaicking solution for scenes that are polyhedral (thus consisting of multiple surfaces) and that are pictured possibly in closed range of the camera. The solution has two major advantages. First, it requires only a few correspondences over the entire scene, not correspondences over every surface patch in it to work. Second, it conquers a seemingly impossible task—warping image data of surfaces that are visible in only one of the input images, which we refer to as the singly visible surfaces, to another viewpoint to constitute the mosaic there. We also provide a detail analysis of what determines whether a singly visible surface could be mosaicked or not. Experimental results on real image data are presented to illustrate the performance of the method.     

基于生物炭增强的竹纤维/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的拉伸性能

为改善玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)的拉伸性能,本文以竹粉为原料制备生物炭,以球磨后的生物炭(0.536 μm)、竹纤维(2.157 μm)为增强相,以Zein为连续相,利用溶液浇注法制备复合膜材料,并对复合膜材料的基本特性与拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明,生物炭与竹纤维加入没有改变Zein的晶面结构,提高了Zein的无序性,降低了Zein的脆性,提高了Zein的韧性。生物炭的加入降低了竹纤维/Zein复合膜的亲水性,降低了竹纤维/Zein复合膜的热稳定性,改善了竹纤维/Zein复合膜的拉伸性能。相比而言,添加0.2 g竹纤维、0.1 g生物炭的Zein复合膜材料的拉伸性能最佳,其拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别为0.24 MPa、4.17 MPa、327.27%。本文制备的复合膜材料具有较好的拉伸性能,在包装膜材料领域具有一定的应用潜力。      

分子印迹技术应用于测定乐果残留量的新方法

应用分子印迹技术建立了乐果残留量的快速定量分析方法.以乐果为模板分子,采用本体聚合法按不同配比制备了乐果分子印迹聚合物,以平衡吸附实验考察其对乐果的特异性吸附能力.结果表明,当n(乐果)∶n(丙烯酰胺)=1∶4时,分子印迹聚合物对乐果的吸附效果最佳.采用分子印迹聚合物对乐果进行固相萃取,并对分子印迹固相萃取中样品溶剂、洗脱溶剂进行了优化选择.结果表明,当THF(5%乙酸)作为洗脱剂时,洗脱效果最好,洗脱率为98%.以钙黄绿素-Pd2+为荧光探针,采用荧光分光光度法对乐果进行测定.乐果的质量浓度在0.05～0.25mg/L范围内与荧光强度有良好的线性关系(R2=0.998 1).以茶叶样品为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得回收率为92%～105%.     

Unsound kernel identification using linear colour charge‐coupled device

Wheat is one of the most consumed grains in the world. The identification of wheat based on surface characteristics is important for the market. This study is aimed at identifying unsound kernels (Triticum durum Desf), including 710 black germ kernels, 627 broken kernels and 1169 sound kernels from several seed distributors in China. The system is mainly composed of a liner charge‐coupled device for image capture and a software package for extracting various morphological, colour and texture features. The models built by partial least squares discriminate analysis, support vector machine discrimination analysis (SVMDA) and principal component analysis‐artificial neural networks for identifying the unsound kernels have been explored. After comparisons of these three methods, it has been found that SVMDA got the best accuracy: 95.1%, 96.0% and 98.3% (black germ kernels, broken kernels and sound kernels). Obviously, the experimental results have shown that SVMDA is the most feasible and effective choice for the identification.     

The effect of pectin concentration and degree of methyl-esterification on the in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene-enriched emulsions

Soluble fibers, like pectin, are known to influence the physicochemical processes during the digestion of dietary fat and may therefore affect the absorption of lipophilic micronutrients such as carotenoids. The objective of the current work was to investigate whether the pectin concentration and degree of methyl-esterification (DM) influence the bioaccessibility of carotenoids loaded in the oil phase of oil-in-water emulsions. The in vitro β-carotene bioaccessibility was determined for different oil-in-water emulsions in which 1 or 2% citrus pectin with a DM of 99%, 66% and 14% was present. Results show that pectin concentration and DM influence the initial emulsion properties. The most stable emulsions with the smallest oil droplets (D(v,0.9) of 15–16 μm) were obtained when medium or high methyl-esterified pectin was present in a 2% concentration while gel-like pectin structures (D(v,0.9) of 114 μm), entrapping oil droplets, were observed in the case where low methyl-esterified pectin was present in the aqueous emulsion phase. During in vitro stomach digestion, these gel-like structures, entrapping β-carotene loaded oil droplets, significantly enlarged (D(v,0.9) of 738 μm), whereas the emulsion structure could be preserved when the medium or high methyl-esterified pectin was present. Initial emulsion viscosity differences, due to pectin concentration and especially due to pectin DM, largely disappeared during in vitro digestion, but were still significant after the stomach digestion phase. The observed differences in emulsion structure before and during in vitro digestion only resulted in a significant difference between emulsions containing low methyl-esterified pectin (β-carotene bioaccessibility of 33–37%) and medium/high methyl-esterified pectin (β-carotene bioaccessibility of 56–62%).     

Diversity of Bacillus cereus strains in extended shelf life

Characterisation of 49 Bacillus cereus strains obtained from extended shelf life (ESL) milk and filler nozzles was done using (GTG)₅ rep PCR fingerprinting, determining the presence of the virulence genes cytK, nheA, cer and hblA, and discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains with 16S rDNA. Fourteen isolates were selected for 16S partial sequencing. Fingerprinting and sequencing showed evidence of filler nozzles contaminating ESL milk despite high heterogeneity existing between the isolates. While there is high prevalence of cer, hblA and nheA; cytK was not widely distributed. There was 100% and 8% prevalence of mesophilic and psychrotrophic signatures, respectively. Despite the large diversity of the B. cereus strains in this study, there is evidence that filler nozzles and raw milk are a source of contamination of B. cereus in ESL milk.     

泰和乌鸡黑色素提取工艺的研究

研究江西泰和乌鸡黑色素的酶法和盐酸提取工艺。用单因素试验和正交试验分别确定蛋白酶和盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件,并对两种方法提取的黑色素得率、抗自由基性能、对光和热的稳定性等方面进行比较。结果表明,蛋白酶提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺:采用木瓜蛋白酶提取,pH 6.0,温度65℃,料液比1∶2(m∶V),酶底比为1∶25(m∶m),时间4h;盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件:料液比1∶4(m∶V),回流温度95℃,提取时间2h;酶法提取黑色素量大于盐酸提取,酶法提取的乌鸡黑色素抗自由基性能和对热的稳定性高于盐酸提取。说明蛋白酶法优于盐酸法,酶法提取的黑色素产量高,性质稳定。