蜂胶中咖啡酸苯乙酯的研究进展

介绍蜂胶中咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）的最近研究进展;查阅了大量相关文献,总结了CAPE的化学结构、药理作用等内容;结果：CAPE是蜂胶中的主要活性组分,具有广泛的生物学活性,如抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫调节以及抗氧化作用;CAPE在食品、医学上具有广阔的应用前景.     

灵芝多糖脱色工艺研究

目的优化灵芝多糖脱色工艺,选取最优脱色方式。方法选取活性炭、壳聚糖、H_2O_2 3种脱色剂对灵芝多糖脱色处理,以脱色率和多糖保留率为指标,在单因素实验基础上,进行正交工艺优化。以2,2-二(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除活性分析脱色后的灵芝多糖的抗氧化活性。结果活性炭对灵芝多糖的脱色率为67.72%,多糖保留率为72.12%;壳聚糖对灵芝多糖的脱色率为33.57%,多糖保留率63.00%;H_2O_2对灵芝多糖的脱色率为84.11%,多糖保留率为73.12%,综合考虑H_2O_2脱色效果最好,壳聚糖脱色法所得多糖的DPPH自由基清除能力最强。结论活性炭、壳聚糖、H_2O_2 3种脱色剂均可用于灵芝多糖脱色, H_2O_2效果较好,值得进一步的开发和利用。     

灵芝多糖不同提取方式的比较研究

目的 比较5种不同提取方式所得灵芝粗多糖的提取得率、理化性质、抗氧化活性, 确定最优提取方式。方法 采用热水浸提法、超声清洗辅助提取法、超声破碎提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶辅助提取法提取灵芝粗多糖, 可分别表示为H-GLP、U1-GLP、U2-GLP、M-GLP、E-GLP, 苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量、二硝基水杨酸(dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)法测定还原糖含量, 比较对2,2-二(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-苦肼基自由基(DPPH?)清除活性, 羟自由基(?OH)清除活性和还原力大小, 分析抗氧化活性, 以傅里叶红外光谱仪(fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FT-IR)和高效阴离子交换色谱(high performance anion exchange chromatography, HPAEC-PAD)进行结构表征。结果 5种提取方式提取得率的大小排列顺序为: M-GLP>E-GLP>U2-GLP> H-GLP>U1-GLP, 其中M-GLP的提取得率最高为3.98%, 其多糖含量为46.80%, 还原糖含量为5.36%。5种方式提取所得粗多糖都体现出一定的抗氧化活性, M-GLP具有较强DPPH?清除活性, U2-GLP具有较强的羟自由基清除活性, 十分接近阳性对照。结论 微波辅助提取法在提取得率和抗氧化活性都优于其他提取方式, 值得进一步开发与利用。     

GELLAB: A computer system for 2D gel electrophoresis analysis. II. pairing spots

An algorithm and computer program CMPGEL, which is part of the GELLAB 2D electrophoretic gel analysis system, is described for pairing comparable spots in two gels. Pairing of spots between two gels at a time is necessary for the comparison of multiple gel images by the construction of multiple gel data bases. Interrogation of and experimentation with the spot data base may then be performed in order to extract measurements on particular spots for the set of gels. The enormous problem of pairing all spots in one gel with all spots in another gel is reduced to a small number of much simpler problems by partitioning spots in the gels into local regions. These are denoted by proximity to so called “landmark spots” and are termed “landmark regions.” Spots within landmark regions are then compared in order to perform the pairing.     

食药用菌多糖抑菌作用研究进展

为提高灵芝多糖的提取得率,获得抗氧化活性更高的多糖组分,利用响应面试验优化反复冻融提取灵芝多糖的工艺条件,采用乙醇分级法对冻融多糖进行分离得到3种多糖（GLPf30、GLPf60、GLPf80）,评价热水浸提（G. lucidum polysaccharide water,GLPw）、反复冻融多糖（GLPf）及乙醇分级的多糖GLPf30、GLPf60、GLPf80的抗氧化活性,以高效阴离子交换色谱（HPAEC）和红外光谱（FT-IR）进行结构表征。结果显示,最佳冻融条件为：溶胀比14:1（mL/g）,冻融时间140 min,冻融次数3次。在此条件下,灵芝多糖提取得率为2.71%,明显高于传统水提（2.36%）。HPAEC和FT-IR结果表明,5种多糖均是由六种单糖（岩藻糖、葡糖胺、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖和甘露糖）组成的以吡喃糖为骨架的酸性多糖,但它们的单糖组成和理化性质有较大差异,尤其是GLPf30的氨基葡萄糖（GlcN）占比最高（达到37.66%）。GLPf30的抗氧化能力明显高于其他两种多糖（GLPf60和GLPf80）及其前体物GLPf。研究结果为灵芝多糖的合理开发和高值化利用提供科学依据。

     

Polyacetylene-based polyelectrolyte as a universal interfacial layer for efficient inverted polymer solar cells

Here we report that poly(N-dodecyl-2-ethynylpyridiniumbromide) (PDEPB) interlayers between electron-collecting zinc oxide (ZnO) layers and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers act as a universal interfacial layer for improving the performances of inverted-type polymer:fullerene solar cells. Three different BHJ layers, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM), poly[(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(N-2-ethylhexylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-2,6-diyl]] (PBDTTPD):PC₆₁BM, and poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl-C₇₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM), were employed so as to prove the role of the PDEPB interlayers. Results showed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer:fullerene solar cells with the three different BHJ layers increased in the presence of the PDEPB interlayers prepared from 0.5 mg/ml solutions. The improved PCE was attributed to the conformal coating of the PDEPB layers on the ZnO layers (by atomic force microscopy measurement), lowered work functions of ZnO induced by the PDEPB layers (by Kelvin probe measurement), and reduced interface resistance (by impedance spectroscopy measurement), as supported by the noticeable change in the atom environments of both the ZnO and PDEPB layers (by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement).     

Efficient perovskite solar cells using trichlorosilanes as perovskite/PCBM interface modifiers

Interfaces are crucial for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Here, phenyltrichlorosilane (PTS) and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) were used to modify the interface between perovskite layer and [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer in an inverted layered perovskite device. Such treatments facilitated the formation of a high-quality PCBM film and effectively decreased the density of surface traps that induce undesirable electron-hole recombination. As a result, the average power conversion efficiency of PTS (and OTS) modified devices was improved from 9.60% to 11.96% (and 11.08%), with a highest value of 12.63% (and 11.87%). Therefore, this study provides an attractive mothed to improve the quality of PCBM film on top of perovskite layer and finally the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.     

Urchin-like Co0.8-Mn0.2-P/CC nanowires array: a high-performance and cost-effective hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst

Using cost-effective materials to replace precious Pt-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts holds great foreground for energy saving and environmental protection. In this work, we successfully prepared an urchin-like Co_0.8-Mn_0.2-P nanowires array supported on carbon cloth (CC) through a hydrothermal-phosphatization strategy and we also systematically studied its electrocatalytic HER performance. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that our urchin-like Co_0.8-Mn_0.2-P/CC possesses outstanding HER activity in acidic and alkaline media. In 0.5 M H₂SO₄, this urchin-like Co_0.8-Mn_0.2-P/CC only requires an overpotential of 55 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², with the Tafel slope of 55.9 mV dec⁻¹. Similarly, when reaching the same current density, just a particularly low overpotential of 61 mV is required with a corresponding Tafel slope of 41.7 mV dec⁻¹ in 1 M KOH. Furthermore, this electrocatalyst exhibits superior stability with 1000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry and 24 h in the I-T test. Such excellent HER catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Co and Mn atoms and high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Our work provides a valuable synthesis strategy of non-precious and high HER performance catalytic material.     

蛹虫草多糖的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以蛹虫草多糖(Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides,CMP)的提取得率为指标,通过单因素和响应面法对CMP的提取工艺进行优化。采用乙醇分级法,将CMP进行乙醇分级,分别得到4种多糖组分(CMP20、CMP40、CMP60和CMP80),并对不同多糖的得率、组分含量及抗氧化活性进行比较。结果表明,CMP的最优提取条件为温度84℃、液料比33∶1(m L/g)和时间128 min。在此条件下,实际提取得率为7.83%;CMP20、CMP40、CMP60和CMP80的得率分别为7.06%、15.07%、17.83%、25.23%。其中,CMP80的得率最高,蛋白含量最低,仅为1.47%;5种多糖均具有一定的抗氧化活性,CMP60的还原力和DPPH自由基清除率均为最高,CMP80的羟自由基的清除率最高。     

气相色谱法同时检测焦糖色素中的2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑

建立了顶空进样毛细管气相色谱法同时测定焦糖色素中2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑含量的方法。采用HP-5毛细管柱,氮磷检测器,溶剂为二氯甲烷,内标N,N-二甲基苯胺。2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑的线性范围分别为0.0125～0.150μg/mL和0.025～0.295μg/mL,最低检测浓度分别为0.001μg/mL和0.002μg/mL;回收率在99%以上,相对标准偏差在2%之内。该方法重现性好、简单、快速、准确,能满足对分析检测的需要,适合对焦糖色素的质量进行控制。