Combination of heat treatment and chitosan coating to improve postharvest quality of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

The synergistic application of hot water dip at 42 °C for 30 min and 1% chitosan coating on differentiation in postharvest quality traits, microstructure as well as microbiological evolution of wolfberry fruits was investigated. Fresh wolfberry fruits were stored at 2 ± 0.5 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 28 days. Results indicated the combination of prestorage heat treatment and chitosan coating maintained higher levels of ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity as well as lower decay, compared with untreated wolfberry fruits. The possible mechanism was that the heat treatment almost sealed open stomata to limit the sites of pathogen penetration into fruits independently, followed by the biofilm formed by chitosan which controlled secondary infections as well as slowed changes in fruit respiration and metabolic activity in wolfberries. The synergistically treated fruit also exhibited a higher acceptability obtained by sensory analysis after cold storage. In this sense, the integrated application of heat treatment and chitosan coating could be regarded as an effective strategy to extend storage life and maintain the postharvest quality of wolfberry fruits.     

采前水杨酸处理对哈密瓜果实防御酶的诱导

采用1.0、2.0、3.0 mmol/L水杨酸分别在"蜜农9号"哈密瓜开花前1周、幼果期(花后2周)、果实迅速膨大期(花后3周)和网纹形成期(花后4周)对植株进行4次喷洒.依次在幼果期、膨大期、网纹形成期和成熟期进行取样.分析不同浓度水杨酸处理后果实体内3种防御性酶活性的变化.结果表明:采前1.0、2.0、3.0 mmol/L水杨酸处理均能有效地提高哈密瓜果实中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,尤其以2.0 mmol/L水杨酸处理酶活性增加最为显著.     

新疆汉水泉地区地下水环境背景值计算

以新疆汉水泉地区为研究区,依据其水文地质条件,将其划分为两个相对独立的水文地质单元——库木苏洼地和汉水泉洼地,采集该地区39组地下水水样,研究该地区的地下水环境背景值。采用格鲁布斯检验法剔除采集样本中的异常数据,库木苏洼地剔除异常指标1个,汉水泉洼地剔除异常指标13个。采用夏皮洛—威尔克检验法判断地下水化学组分含量频数分布类型,结果表明:库木苏洼地和汉水泉洼地以正态分布和对数正态分布居多,偏态分布较少。通过对整个汉水泉地区地下水组分含量的分析,得出汉水泉地区地下水环境的背景值,分析结果表明:研究区微量元素的检出率不高,表示其受污染程度较低。     

Efficiency of acetic acid and formic acid as a catalyst in catalytical and mechanocatalytical pretreatment of barley straw

In this study, the potential of organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid) in a catalytical and mechanocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic barley straw to valuable sugars is explored using sulfuric acid as a reference. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis has been carried out with acid-impregnated samples as well as unmodified barley straw. In the mechanocatalytical approach, pretreatment consists of impregnation with the acid catalyst and mechanical treatment by ball milling following chemical hydrolysis. Straw samples and residues were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) whereas hydrolysate analysis was based on total reducing sugar (TRS) determination following the DNS method and capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The results indicated that acetic acid and formic acid are rather mild acids yielding low TRS levels compared to the reference acid. Mechanocatalytical pretreatment slightly increased TRS yields, but not significantly. Strikingly, sulfuric acid showed an efficient conversion efficiency yielding almost 45% of TRS. Furthermore, this study provided evidence for the acetylation of straw components when acetic acid was used as catalyst. Alkali hydrolysis induced the de-esterification, but revealed no significant increase of TRS yields.     

Effect of sintering temperature on mechanical properties of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia refractory

The optimized sintering conditions for a 3.5 wt% magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) refractory were proposed in our recent research. The influence of the sintering temperature on the development of phase composition, microstructure, densification, thermal expansion and mechanical strength was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), He-pycnometer, high temperature dilatometry and three-point bending test. The samples sintered at 1670 °C had the highest bend strength, the maximum densification, the lowest thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), a homogeneous microstructure and a linear change in thermal expansion.     

复配改良剂对洋葱浆馕品质的影响

以洋葱浆馕为研究对象,分别探讨单硬脂酸甘油酯、大豆磷脂、α-淀粉酶和甘油4种改良剂对其感官评分和硬度的影响,以硬度为响应值,通过响应面分析法确定复配改良剂的最佳组合.结果表明,与对照组相比,单一改良剂均能改善洋葱浆馕的感官和硬度,延缓馕老化的速率.各因素添加量对洋葱浆馕硬度的影响主次顺序均为:α-淀粉酶>单甘酯>甘油>...     

响应面法优化枸杞无硫促干护色工艺及其对品质的影响

为研究鲜枸杞促干护色工艺,选取碳酸钠、柠檬酸和浸泡时间为自变量,以水分含量和色差值为响应值,采用响应面优化法对此工艺进行优化,并测定各品质指标。结果表明,枸杞最佳促干护色条件为:碳酸钠1.1%,柠檬酸0.6%,浸泡时间10 min,浸泡温度为30 ℃,经50 ℃热风干燥42 h后,枸杞含水量降至12.41%,色差值为11.09,颜色较好且干制速度快,相比未处理的枸杞干燥速度提高42%。测得枸杞多糖2%,总糖52.89%,总类胡萝卜素0.54 g/100 g,总酚7.16 mg/g,总黄酮1.57 mg/g。得到的枸杞干中总类胡萝卜素、总酚和总黄酮含量显著高于未处理的枸杞干（P<0.05）,多糖和总糖含量与未处理的枸杞无显著差异（P>0.05）。相比对照组,此促干护色方法可使枸杞干制过程中保留较多营养成分,具有实际参考价值。     

适宜臭氧处理对甜瓜采后品质的影响

以甜瓜西州密25号为实验对象,在温度6~8℃,RH80~85%条件下对甜瓜进行适宜的臭氧处理,通过臭氧发生器按照适宜的臭氧浓度和间隔处理时间在50 L的塑料桶中进行密封40 min处理,每次处理结束后去盖贮藏。研究甜瓜在42 d贮藏期中通过适宜臭氧处理观察其相关品质指标的动态变化,以及适宜臭氧处理对链格孢和镰刀菌的抑菌影响。实验表明:适宜臭氧处理(浓度4.28mg/cm~3、间隔时间24 h)后的甜瓜糖度和硬度平均每天仅下降0.07、0.03%,臭氧对其下降起到了明显的延缓作用,同时降低了42%的失重率,对镰刀菌和链格孢起到很强的抑菌作用且对链格孢有更好的抑菌效果,平均每天仅增长4.04 mm;适宜的臭氧处理对甜瓜采后低温贮藏品质有较好的保持作用,延长了贮藏期。本文为甜瓜采后低温贮藏保鲜提供了一定的理论基础。     

同位素分析技术在葡萄酒加糖酿造工艺中的应用研究

基于不同植物来源糖发酵后乙醇不同位点D/H同位素含量存在差异的原理,本研究利用点特异性天然同位素分馏核磁共振技术(SNIF-NMR)分析了加糖酿造葡萄酒乙醇分子中同位素的变化,结果表明,当添加蔗糖时,乙醇分子(D/H)Ⅰ含量上升,而R值下降;添加甜菜糖,(D/H)Ⅰ含量下降,而R值上升,乙醇(D/H)Ⅰ含量与添加的糖量呈显著正相关关系,通过测定乙醇分子中甲基位(D/H)Ⅰ的含量,可判断葡萄酒在酿造前是否进行了加糖操作。研究表明,SNIF-NMR方法是一种鉴别葡萄酒加糖种类和加糖量的有效分析技术。