不同等级金牡丹乌龙茶品质和矿质元素差异分析

以不同等级金牡丹乌龙茶为试材,测定了不同等级金牡丹乌龙茶的感官审评得分、品质指标（茶多酚、咖啡碱、8种儿茶素、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、茶氨酸、水浸出物和总黄酮）和8种矿质元素含量。等级越高的金牡丹乌龙茶水浸出物含量越高,特等奖水浸出物含量比一等奖和优质奖分别高1.07%和1.75%,且差异均达到显著水平（P<0.05）。咖啡碱、可溶性糖和总黄酮含量均为低等级显著高于高等级（P<0.05）。三个等级的茶多酚含量之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。特等奖的酚氨比要显著低于一等奖和优质奖（P<0.05）。优质奖的茶氨酸含量要显著低于特等奖和一等奖（P<0.05）。线性回归分析表明,游离氨基酸和总黄酮与审评得分呈显著线性负相关（P<0.05）,可溶性糖与审评得分呈极显著线性负相关（P<0.01）,而水浸出物与审评得分呈极显著线性正相关（P<0.01）。不同等级金牡丹乌龙茶除Mn和Fe外,大多数矿质元素之间不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。限制性主坐标分析表明,品质指标结合限制性主坐标分析可以很好的区分金牡丹乌龙茶等级差异,R值达1.00。但矿质元素结合限制性主坐标分析并不能很好的区分不同等级金牡丹乌龙茶的品质差异。研究结果为金牡丹乌龙茶品质鉴定提供相关参考依据。     

茶树重金属胁迫研究概况

鉴于目前很多茶叶中的重金属含量在逐年增加,而且有超标的趋势,本文通过分析重金属污染的来源及含量,探讨重金属对茶树生理胁迫的可能机制,从而提出减轻土壤重金属对茶树生理毒害的有效途径,为茶园优质高产创造良好的生态条件。     

检测仪器及消解方式对罗布麻微量元素检测效果的影响

目的 探索罗布麻微量元素适宜的检测条件。方法 以新疆产罗布麻和白麻叶及其制品罗布麻茶为实验材料, 比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES)2种仪器对其Li、B、Cr、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se和Sr 9种微量元素的检测效果, 同时对比了3种不同的湿法消解方式对检测结果的影响。结果 采用不同酸解液的3种湿法消解方法, 硝酸/过氧化氢消解液处理条件较温和, 元素损失量较少, 检测结果稍高于浓硝酸/高氯酸消解液处理的结果, 但所耗消解时间更长。对于易挥发元素Se, 选用酸性和氧化性较弱的硝酸/过氧化氢消解液更适宜。在本试验条件下, 罗布麻体内的Li和Cr 2种微量元素不宜采用ICP-AES仪器检测, 可选用ICP-MS, 而对于难电离元素Se则正好相反。结论 检测罗布麻微量元素含量时, 应根据待检测元素类型特征, 选择适宜的检测仪器。     

Measurement of charge carrier recombination rates in planar hybrid CdS/poly3-octylthiophene solar cells

Hybrid bilayer solar cells have been prepared by chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films on conductive glass and drop cast poly3-octylthiophene (P3OT) solution on top of CdS free surface. Gold contact on P3OT film was thermally evaporated. Transient photoconductance decay method was implemented to determine the charge carrier recombination times in CdS films. The same parameter in P3OT films was estimated by time-of-flight technique. Charge recombination processes in CdS/P3OT interface were studied by transient photovoltage method. The relation between the photovoltaic performance of hybrid cells and charge recombination times at CdS/P3OT interface was analyzed as a function of P3OT film thickness. It is suggested that the ambient oxygen or humidity may originate the increased charge recombination center density in thinner P3OT films and, as a result, deteriorate the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage values of the corresponding hybrid cells.     

贮藏时间对武夷岩茶金锁匙生化成分及感官品质的影响

以轻火、中火武夷岩茶金锁匙为实验材料,研究不同贮藏时间对其生化成分及感官品质的影响,为武夷岩茶的科学品饮、储藏、运输、营养保持等提供理论参考。结果表明:贮藏过程中轻火、中火金锁匙茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱、水浸出物含量(生化成分与干物质质量比)均呈下降趋势,水分含量呈上升趋势,氨基酸含量呈先增加后减少的趋势。贮藏12个月轻火、中火金锁匙茶多酚、儿茶素、酯型儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素、咖啡碱含量分别降低21.03%、19.48%;21.87%、17.24%;30.58%、26.76%;10.25%、6.45%;17.60%、13.36%。轻火金锁匙贮藏6个月氨基酸含量最高,达2.32%;中火金锁匙贮藏8个月氨基酸含量最高,达2.25%。贮藏前期,轻火、中火金锁匙火气逐渐退去,感官品质得到提升;贮藏后期,其滋味变得更加甘醇,但香气鲜锐度略有下降,因此感官品质得分先增加后略有降低。轻火金锁匙贮藏6个月感官品质得分最高,中火金锁匙贮藏8个月感官品质得分最高。研究结果表明,合理贮藏有利于提高武夷岩茶的感官品质。     

即食型调味裙带菜的保脆工艺研究

研究了低温漂烫法与复合保脆剂联合处理对即食型调味裙带菜品质的影响,以建立即食型调味裙带菜适宜的保脆工艺. 正交试验结果表明,即食型调味裙带菜的较佳保脆工艺为：m（海藻酸钠）∶m (CaCl2) =1∶1,保脆剂质量浓度为3g·L-1,低温漂烫温度为50℃,低温漂烫时间为25min.     

The impact of processing techniques on tea volatiles

The impact of various cultural and manufacturing techniques on volatile flavour composition was studied in order to optimize the conditions for production and retention of aroma in relation to tea quality. The Flavour Index was in the order: clonal variation—Assam > > Cambod > China Shoot maturity—Bud + 1st leaf > > > 2nd leaf > > 3rd leaf; plucking interval 7 day > 14 day; processing—green leaf > withered leaf—fermented dhool < dried tea < < tea brew; withering—soft < normal < hard. VFC Group I was in general dominated by trans-2-hexenal and Group II by linalool, phenylacetaldehyde and geraniol. Fresh green leaf had a high content of hexanol, hexanal, hexenol, hexenal and methyl salicylate. Upon withering, a sharp increase in Group I was noticed, the most remarkable being in hexenol. Group II also increased, but the extent was less except for linalool. During fermentation, Group I alcohols showed a sharp reduction with concomitant increases in aldehydes, especially trans-2-hexenal. In Group II, all compounds increased except methyl salicylate and the ionones. In the firing stage, high losses of Group I and Group II were registered. All the Group I compounds showed a decline with the progress of withering, but the opposite applied to Group II compounds, except for the alcohols. Mechanical injury during handling of leaf before cutting increased the Group I content enormously. The addition of exogenous fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, produced substantial amounts of Group I compounds, dominated by trans-2-hexenal and hexanal. The inhibition of lipoxygenase totally reduced the formation of Group I volatiles.     

Overexpression of a sugarcane<i> ScCaM</i> gene negatively regulates salinity and drought stress responses in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Calmodulin (CaM) proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses. In the present study, the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene (NCBI accession number: GQ246454) on drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli cells were evaluated. The results demonstrated a significant negative role of ScCaM in the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic lines of A. thaliana, as indicated by the phenotypes. In addition, the expression of AtP5CS and AtRD29A, two genes tightly related to stress resistance, was significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in the wild type. The growth of E. coli BL21 cells expressing ScCaM showed weaker tolerance under mannitol and NaCl stress. Taken together, this study revealed that the ScCaM gene plays a negative regulatory role in both mannitol and NaCl stresses, and it possibly exerts protective mechanisms common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under stress conditions.