Headspace fingerprinting approach to identify the major pathway influencing volatile patterns of vinasse-cured duck processed by high pressure,as well as its impact on physicochemical and sensory attributes

As a decisive attribute, flavour could be influenced by HP treatments through multiple physical and chemical pathways within the high pressure (HP)-assisted meat curing process. This investigation aimed to identify the major pathway influencing volatile flavour patterns of two representative vinasse-cured duck (VCD) products with HP treatments (150–300 MPa/15 min), including wet and dry types, by employing headspace fingerprinting as an untargeted approach. Results suggested that HP treatments greatly lowered moisture contents and increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of the cured samples. According to multivariate models, the volatile flavour patterns of the HP-processed VCD could be clearly separated from the unprocessed samples, but the VCD pressurised at different intensities represented similar volatile fingerprinting, which was validated by e-nose analysis. The discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model outlined vinasse-derived ethanol, acetic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-octanone as the major discriminant aromas across the unpressurised and pressurised samples.     

Effect of chemical phosphorylation on solubility of buffalo milk proteins

Buffalo milk proteins (casein, co-precipitate or whey protein concentrate) were phosphorylated with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃) at three different pH values (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0). The solubilities of phosphorylated milk proteins were examined over the pH range 3.0–9.0 in water and ionic (0.1 m NaCl or 10–70 mm Ca²⁺) systems. The solubilities of buffalo milk proteins decreased at pH 3.0, while there was an increase in the solubilities of casein and co-precipitate near their isoelectric points upon phosphorylation. Solubilities of these phosphorylated milk proteins were pH dependent in 0.1 m NaCl but there was a decrease in their solubilities with increase in calcium ion concentration. This alteration could be due to the shifting of isoionic points of phosphorylated buffalo milk proteins towards acidic pH.     

微型化DNS法测定多糖水解液中还原糖的质量浓度

传统DNS比色法适用于常规还原糖含量的检测,但难以检测微量的样品以及快速检测大批量样品,故对传统DNS法进行改进,建立微型化DNS法测定多糖水解液中还原糖含量的方法.以DNS为显色剂,采用酶联免疫测定仪微盘比色测定多糖水解液中的还原糖含量,考察该方法的重复性和精确性,并与传统DNS法进行比较,结果表明:微型DNS法标准曲线线性良好,并且有良好的重复性和精密度,与传统DNS法相比,对样品的测定结果进行t检验,P=0.118 1(＞0.05)表明两种方法检测到结果相一致.微型化DNS法在保证检测精确性的前提下有效减少了样品检测损耗量和提高了检测效率,有望扩大DNS比色法至微量化及批量化样品的还原糖含量检测领域.     

低能N+离子注入诱变选育琼胶酶高产菌株

对产琼胶酶的类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)菌株WL进行N+离子注入诱变,寄以筛选获得高活力琼胶酶产生菌株.首先考察了N+离子注入剂量对类芽孢杆菌WL存活率的影响,在注入能量为10 keV的条件下,类芽孢杆菌WL菌株最佳剂量范围为15.6×1014～23.4×1014 ion/cm2.在23.4 × 1014 ion/cm2诱变剂量下,筛选得到1株高产琼胶酶的菌株WL-15,酶活力达到47.3 U/mL,较出发菌株提高53.6％,该菌株经5次传代培养,产酶活力稳定.之后优化了产酶培养基中的主要成分,在琼胶、NaNO3和NaCl的质量浓度分别为2.5 g/L,6.0 g/L,15.0 g/L时,类芽孢杆菌WL-15产酶活力达到了53.3 U/mL.     

分子印迹技术应用于测定乐果残留量的新方法

应用分子印迹技术建立了乐果残留量的快速定量分析方法.以乐果为模板分子,采用本体聚合法按不同配比制备了乐果分子印迹聚合物,以平衡吸附实验考察其对乐果的特异性吸附能力.结果表明,当n(乐果)∶n(丙烯酰胺)=1∶4时,分子印迹聚合物对乐果的吸附效果最佳.采用分子印迹聚合物对乐果进行固相萃取,并对分子印迹固相萃取中样品溶剂、洗脱溶剂进行了优化选择.结果表明,当THF(5%乙酸)作为洗脱剂时,洗脱效果最好,洗脱率为98%.以钙黄绿素-Pd2+为荧光探针,采用荧光分光光度法对乐果进行测定.乐果的质量浓度在0.05～0.25mg/L范围内与荧光强度有良好的线性关系(R2=0.998 1).以茶叶样品为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得回收率为92%～105%.     

Silver nanoparticles embedded in modified polyallylamine resin as efficient catalysts for alkyne–azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in water

A silver nanoparticle composite based on modified polyallylamine has been synthesized by a simple chemical route and its catalytic activity has been tested for alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction. This silver nanocomposite shows an excellent catalytic activity at 80 °C for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole by alkyne–azide cycloaddition. The solid silver nanocomposite catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The developed catalyst is stable in air, easy to prepare and can be recovered easily and reused ten times without a significant decrease in activity.     

负载多酚的纳米复合物制备方法及结构表征

多酚类化合物因为其独特的生物活性而逐渐受到人们的重视,但多酚类化合物的应用有一定的局限性。利用蛋白质和多糖制备的纳米复合物将多酚类物质包埋起来,不仅可以克服多酚水溶性差、易降解、生物利用度低等问题,保留多酚原有的生物活性,而且可以实现多酚类物质的缓释。对纳米复合物的4种制备方法、表征手段以及颗粒形成的影响因素进行研究,旨在为多酚类物质的有效利用提供理论依据与实际指导。     

Concept for automated computer-aided identification and evaluation of potentially non-compliant food products traded via electronic commerce

The online marketplace for food products is continually expanding and all types of food and beverages can now be purchased over the internet. It is primarily the responsibility of the food business operator to ensure compliance with food safety law. However, the competent authorities are tasked with controlling the e-food sector as part of their regulatory duties to protect consumer health and to prevent fraud, regardless of the sales channel being used. For this purpose, a new software prototype concept was developed that automatically identifies and evaluates potentially non-compliant e-food products. The prototype was developed using a modular architecture comprising a research tool, an image analysis tool, and a monitoring tool. User-defined thresholds are applied to assess the reliability of the retrieved data. Results that are not deemed reliable enough can be reworked using a computer-aided evaluation interface. The research tool utilizes both internet search engines and customized search algorithms. A multi-stage filtering process is performed to limit the sites according to defined criteria (e.g. food product merchants only). The data acquisition module stores all matching data from webpages for later analysis and preservation of evidence. In another module, automatic recognition of a site's legal notice (impressum) is carried out for the respective vendor within whose online shop a potentially non-compliant food product is being offered. The image analysis tool performs logo recognition to enrich the text-based information of websites, thus providing additional visual information. The monitoring tool performs regular automated monitoring of e-food vendors, products and ingredients. The proof of principle of the prototype was achieved by conducting a web search for hazardous food products containing synephrine and caffeine. In total, 1242 product offerings on the internet for suspicious food products were identified among the 8683 search results. The software prototype has potential to enhance consumer protection and food safety with respect to e-foods.     

花生酸奶的研制

以花生、鲜牛奶及蔗糖为主要原料，适量添加变性淀粉，用保加利亚乳杆菌（L．bulgaricus）和嗜热链球菌（Str．themophilus）1：1混合作为发酵剂，研究了原料的去皮脱腥的处理方法，不同料水比、不同鲜奶添加量、不同菌种添加量以及不同变性淀粉添加量对成品酸奶的质量影响．确定了花生酸奶的产品配方、加工工艺、发酵条件和质量标准，获得营养丰富、酸甜适宜和风味独特的花生酸奶制品．     

邻苯二酚诱导的蓝莓花色苷偶合氧化降解

为了明确蓝莓花色苷在贮藏及加工过程中的降解途径,本文系统地研究了花色苷-多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO）-邻苯二酚的偶合氧化反应机制,探讨了三者之间的量效反应关系。结果表明,邻苯二酚的酶促氧化生成醌类物质和花色苷与醌类物质的氧化反应是偶合氧化体系中主要的两类反应;花色苷的偶合氧化降解符合一级反应动力学模型;当体系中花色苷浓度为54 mg/L时,虽然花色苷的降解速率会随着邻苯二酚浓度的增加而增加,但当邻苯二酚浓度高于1.33 mmol/L时,邻苯二酚浓度的变化对花色苷降解速率影响逐渐变小;花色苷初始浓度越高,邻苯二酚氧化的速率越低,花色苷的降解速率也越低;而酶浓度的增加会导致花色苷的降解速率线性增加。本文结果可推断,在蓝莓贮藏及加工过程中,其组织中的PPO会与其酚类底物结合,产生相应的醌类物质,而这些物质再通过耦合氧化反应导致蓝莓花色苷降解,从而最终导致果实或者相关产品的褐变。且其褐变速率与组织中酶的活性、酚类底物以及花色苷含量都有密切的关系。