抗性淀粉测定方法的研究

抗性淀粉的测定方法有Berry法、Englys法、Bjorck法、Champ法、Goni法等.以木薯抗性淀粉和抗性淀粉标准品为原料,通过对抗性淀粉的处理方法(AOAC法、Goni法)以及还原糖的测定方法(3,5-二硝基水杨酸法、D-葡萄糖法)进行对比,得到木薯抗性淀粉最适合的测定方法.同时也研究了样品多少对测定结果的影响.结果表明,AOAC-GOPOD法操作简单、准确性高、重复性好,酶用量充足,是测定木薯抗性淀粉的首选方法.     

Effects of different types of potato resistant starches on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids under in vitro fermentation

The prebiotic effects of potato resistant starches RS1, RS2, RS3a, RS3b and RS4 were studied using simulated gut fermentation in vitro. The intestinal microbial composition was significantly changed by resistant starch (RS) after 24-h fermentation. All RSs (P < 0.05) decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and RS2 exhibited the lowest value of 0.95 ± 0.07. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased by RS4, whereas Megamonas and Prevotella were promoted by RS2. Further, RS4 produced the highest levels of acetate (138.34 µM), whereas RS2 produced the highest levels of propionate (41.45 µM) and butyrate (21.65 µM). However, Bifidobacterium did not promote the production of propionate or butyrate, even though it was proficient in fermenting RS. Megamonas and Prevotella were positively associated with the higher production of propionate and butyrate. Here, different RSs played key roles in promoting intestinal health, and RS2 especially showed more abundant probiotic functions.     

Cross-linked chitosan polymers as generic adsorbents for simultaneous adsorption of multiple mycotoxins

The primary objective of this study was to synthesize three types of cross-linked chitosan polymers and further investigate their adsorption capability for multiple mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T2). Among these synthetic adsorbents, cross-linked chitosan-glutaraldehyde complex presented the highest adsorption capability for AFB₁ (73%), OTA (97%), ZEN (94%) and FB₁ (99%), but no obvious adsorption for DON and T2 (<30%). The effect of various incubation conditions (contact time, dosage and pH) was also studied. Subsequently, the experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Hill models. The best fitting model to describe AFB₁ and FB₁ adsorption was Langmuir model (R² ≥ 0.99), with the theoretical maximum adsorption amounts of 5.67 mg/g for AFB₁ and 15.7 mg/g for FB₁. The Hill model was the best model for OTA and ZEN adsorption (R² > 0.98), with the predicted maximum adsorption amounts were 24.8 mg/g for OTA and 9.18 mg/g for ZEN. In addition, the adsorption capability of adsorbent for the simultaneous presence of multiple mycotoxins was also evaluated in buffer system and simulated gastrointestinal condition. The results indicated that the coexisted multiple mycotoxins didn't affected the adsorption capability of adsorbent, whereas the adsorption amounts of toxins were decreased by some gastrointestinal components. The findings of this research suggest that chitosan–glutaraldehyde complex has the potential to be applied as multitoxin adsorbent material for reducing the combined adverse effect of multiple mycotoxins on humans and animals.     

响应面法优化长裂苦苣菜总生物碱提取工艺

为了优化长裂苦苣菜中总生物碱的提取工艺。采用单因素实验分析料液比、超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、pH、乙醇浓度对总生物碱提取率的影响。选取4因素3水平,采用响应面法优化总生物碱提取工艺,并分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用。结果表明:确定最佳提取条件为:料液比1:30 g/mL,超声时间30 min,超声温度55 ℃,超声功率700 W,pH为5,乙醇浓度75%,总生物碱提取率为20.30%。结论:实验结果表明二次多项式建立的数学模型具有良好的预测性,响应面法筛选得到的总生物碱提取工艺可行,稳定,并且重现性好。     

介孔分子筛MCM-48固定化木瓜蛋白酶性质的研究

以介孔分子筛MCM48为载体、戊二醛作交联剂对木瓜蛋白酶进行了固定化。实验结果表明,与游离酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性有了显著的提高,其半衰期达到了2500min以上,是游离酶(80min)的30倍以上。固定化酶的pH稳定性和储藏稳定性也有了明显改善。此外,固定化酶还具有很好的操作稳定性,经过12d的连续酶解,酶活力仍保持在初始酶活力的70%以上。     

2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况调查

目的 为更好的指导饲料生产企业对原料质量的把控、采购及配方设计,汇总分析了2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况。方法 采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法（up-conversion immunoassays, UPT）对安佑集团各分子公司在2020年度所收集（含退货）的28519份大宗饲料原料中的呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素B1含量进行快速检测。结果 对比安佑集团企业标准,2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染总超标率为0.92%,污染整体情况较轻,其中上半年污染较重,主要由玉米副产物和次粉霉菌毒素污染超标所致,下半年霉菌毒素污染程度整体较轻,但第4季度玉米的玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素B1污染情况加重,玉米的霉菌毒素整体达中度污染;从产地来源看,2020年山东、湖北产地的麸皮和次粉呕吐毒素中度污染,四川、陕西产地的次粉重度污染;四川产地的米糠黄曲霉毒素B1达中度污染,山东产地的玉米呕吐毒素和江苏产地的玉米黄曲霉毒素B1达重度污染;且饲料原料中的霉菌毒素并非单一存在,多数情况下是多种毒素共存。结论 与2019年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比,2020年原料的霉菌毒素污染程度较轻。     

嗜酸乳杆菌和乳酸链球菌混合培养及产物分析

嗜酸乳杆乳菌(LA)和酸链球菌(SL)在33℃培养48 h的发酵液中抑菌(金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923)效果最好;2菌混培20h后生物量和体系总产酸量远大于各自纯培养,乳酸含量一直上升,到24 h达23.175 mg/L,乙酸含量一直稳定在12 mg/L左右,变化不大,乳酸与抑菌关系密切。LA和SL两菌混培接种比例的抑菌优先顺序为(1:1)、(2:1)、(1:2)。     

苜蓿黄酮的分离及其生物转化研究进展

苜蓿属植物资源丰富,并且含有大量的黄酮类物质。黄酮类物质具有多种生物活性及药理作用。本文对苜蓿黄酮的分离、结构鉴定以及黄酮苷的生物转化的最新进展等进行了总结,并对苜蓿黄酮的发展方向进行了探讨。     

预混合饲料中维生素A 3种提取方法的比较研究

目的比较预混合饲料中维生素A的3种提取方法。方法抽取10个预混合饲料样品,比较皂化提取法、直接提取法、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)提取法实验过程和维生素A的检测结果。结果皂化提取法提取过程时间(t=130.4min)较长,步骤(21步)繁杂,较其他2种提取方法检测结果准确性较差,平行性较差。直接提取法与DMSO提取法提取过程时间较短,步骤较简便,检测结果准确性较好,平行性较好。结论直接提取法可以作为快速检测预混合饲料中维生素A含量的手段,但检测结果使用受到GB/T17817-2010《饲料中维生素A的测定高效液相色谱法》限制。皂化提取法可用于低含量复杂样品检测。DMSO法提取法,相较于皂化提取法,操作简便,测试快速,检测值准确性较好,平行性较好,能过有效弥补直接提取法与皂化提取法的缺点。     

应用液相色谱―串联质谱仪和四极杆―轨道阱高分辨质谱仪检测饲料中克伦普罗干扰的原因分析与确证技术研究

目的 探究液相色谱―串联质谱仪(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer, LC-MS/MS)检测饲料中克伦普罗时, 环天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸对试验干扰的原因, 在此基础上探究出应用LC-MS/MS分析的确证技术与方法。方法 应用四极杆―轨道阱高分辨质谱仪和LC-MS/MS对环天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸、克伦普罗对照品以及含有环天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸的饲料样品进行分析。结果 饲料中含有环天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸对克伦普罗的检测干扰的原因为二者母离子及2个子离子的质荷比很接近, 且二者离子丰度比也很接近。应用LC-MS/MS分析的确证技术与方法为梯度碎裂离子片段依次匹配比较法。结论 应用LC-MS/MS检测会遇到假阳性的问题, 这是串联质谱结构与方法原理决定的; 建议调整克伦普罗的2个子离子为263.07>168.04, 263.07>132.06; 用LC-MS的梯度碎裂离子片段依次匹配比较法准确、实用。