离子强度对乌鳢胶原蛋白短肽聚集结构及理化特性的作用

为了研究乌鳢胶原肽在6种不同离子强度诱导下聚集的结构与特性的变化规律,对聚集体变化过程中的内源荧光、浊度、微观结构、粒径、黏度及其二级结构进行测定。结果表明,在0～500 mM的Na Cl范围内,离子强度具有促进胶原蛋白肽自组装聚集的效果,且聚集速率随离子强度的增大而增加。在0～150 mM范围内,胶原蛋白肽聚集的三维网络紧密性增加,聚集体平均粒径增大74.42%,最大剪切黏度增加487.67%。当离子强度在150～500 mM范围时,胶原蛋白肽三维网络紧密性降低,聚集体平均粒径下降,最大剪切黏度降低21.39%。胶原蛋白肽聚集体的二级结构并没有随离子强度变化而发生明显变化。因此,适度的增大样品离子强度可促进胶原肽的自组装聚集,改善其凝胶的三维网络结构和理化特性,为胶原蛋白肽进一步应用于制备药物载体的研究提供参考。     

Effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of salted‐dried grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Ultrasound treatment was used for accelerating drying process and shortening drying time of salted‐dried grass carp, in parallel with evaluation of physicochemical properties and microstructure. The grass carp blocks were salted with ultrasound‐assisted treatment at 0–480 W, 40 kHz for 120 min, then put into heat pump dryer for drying at 50% humidity, 30 °C for 50 hr. The moisture content results showed that ultrasound treatment could significantly promote water loss rate. As the ultrasound power increased, the hardness, the relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid and total content of free amino acid decreased while the saturated fatty acid and sensory scores increased, respectively. Furthermore, microstructure of the dried‐salted grass carp was studied using paraffin sections and the scanning electron microscope to understand the change of microstructure. In general, ultrasound‐assisted salting significantly increased drying rate, and improved the quality of salted‐dried grass carp. This study shows the potential application of ultrasound in food drying process.

Practical applications

The ultrasound was applied in order to facilitate the traditional process to produce salted‐dried grass carp. And physicochemical properties and microstructure of salted‐dried fish were measured. The results showed that the application of ultrasound could significantly promote the mass transfer of water and improved the product's appeal for customers. The outcome of this study demonstrated a method for producing better quality dried‐salted fish products with a fast speed in the future and showed a great potential of ultrasound in food drying process.     

气流超微粉碎对桃金娘果粉物理化学性质的影响

研究超微粉碎处理对桃金娘果粉粒径、色度、颗粒形貌、流动性及水溶性等物化性质的影响。结果表明：随着超微粉碎时间的增加,桃金娘果粉粒径逐渐减小、色泽明显改善、质地更加蓬松、形貌渐趋一致,持水力、持油力和膨胀力分别由1.57、0.76 g/g和0.57 mL/g增加至2.46、1.08 g/g和0.89 mL/g,流动性及溶解性明显降低。由此说明,控制好超微粉碎处理条件可以生产出品质特性较好的桃金娘果粉。     

宁夏菜心不同部位发酵理化品质及挥发性风味物质的分析

为探究宁夏菜心湿态发酵的可行性,该研究通过对宁夏菜心基部茎、顶端茎、叶子以及菜心整体进行乳酸菌接种发酵,解析发酵前后微生物、有机酸、亚硝酸盐、抗氧化能力、生物胺以及挥发性风味物质的变化规律。研究表明,发酵后菜心各部位总有机酸含量升高、亚硝酸盐含量降低、抗氧化能力降低和生物胺含量降低,基部茎、叶子、整颗菜心的挥发性性风味物质种类含量均升高;菜心叶子经发酵后亚硝酸盐含量和生物胺含量分别降解了0.30和22.78 mg/kg,DPPH自由基清除率62.06%,总有机酸含量3 212.70 mg/100 g,挥发性风味物质种类丰富,检出48种化合物,相对含量为123.68 g/g。与其他发酵组相比,叶子发酵组的理化指标和挥发性风味物质含量均处于较优水平。以上研究表明宁夏菜心可作为泡菜发酵的原材料,且较优发酵部位是叶子,该研究为菜心的湿态发酵奠定基础。     

栀子黄色素提取、精制及药理活性的研究进展

栀子是一种药食两用的植物资源,栀子黄色素是从栀子果实中分离出的活性成分,属于天然水溶性类胡萝卜素。研究表明,栀子黄色素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、抗炎以及降血糖降血压等多种活性功能。因此,在食品及医药等领域极具开发潜力。但目前有关栀子黄色素药理活性的研究还不够系统,有必要对其进行详细分析与总结。本文简要综述了栀子黄色素的提取及精制方法,如传统溶剂浸提法、超声波提取法、柱层析法和膜分离法等,并在此基础上针对栀子黄色素的药理活性进行了系统的论述,总结了其治疗疾病的机制,以期为栀子黄色素的深入研究与应用提供理论指导。     

桑叶提取物抑菌活性及其成分分析

为了探讨桑叶提取物的抑菌活性及其物质基础,采用微量稀释法对桑叶70％乙醇提取物的4个萃取部位进行抑菌活性测试并利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对抑菌活性强的萃取部位进行了成分分析,结果表明桑叶70％乙醇提取物4个萃取部位中石油醚部位抑菌活性最强,其次为乙酸乙酯部位,正丁醇部位和水部位 气相色谱-质谱检测分析石油醚萃取部位的主要成分及其质量分数为植物醇(24.87％)、环二十八烷(18.00％)、棕榈酸(10.20％)、α-亚麻酸(9.06％)、亚麻酸乙酯(7.92％)、硬脂酸(7.14％),另外还含有少量α-生育酚和β-谷甾醇等活性成分.     

淮山佛手瓜胡萝卜混合饮料的研制

确定了淮山佛手瓜胡萝卜混合饮料的加工工艺流程和条件.经实验得到最佳工艺为:杀菌105℃,15min,最优配方:淮山4.2%,佛手瓜6%,胡萝卜3.2%,蔗糖5.4%,盐0.18%,柠檬酸0.06%.     

温度对乌鳢鱼皮胶原蛋白肽聚集体结构及理化特性的影响

研究乌鳢鱼皮胶原蛋白肽在20～52℃低温诱导下自组装体的结构稳定性与理化性质,比较分析聚集体变化过程中圆二色谱、自组装动力学、微观结构、凝胶强度、粒径、黏度、变性温度和红外光谱的变化.结果表明:在20～30℃温度范围内,升温对乌鳢鱼皮胶原蛋白肽自组装速率及聚集体稳定性具有促进作用,组装成核时间缩短13.5 min,形成...     

Sun drying of figs: an experimental study

In this work, the sun drying behaviour of figs was investigated. Drying experiments were conducted for figs (Ficus carica) grown in Iskenderun-Hatay, Turkey. The constant rate period is absent from the drying curve. The drying process took place in the falling rate period. The drying data were fitted to the different mathematical models such as Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Logarithmic, Two-term, Two-term exponential, Verma et al. and Wang and Singh models. The performance of these models was investigated by comparing the determination of coefficient (R²), reduced chi-square (χ²) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. The results showed that the Verma et al. model was found to satisfactorily describe the sun drying curve of figs with a R² of 0.9944, χ² of 0.000483 and RMSE of 0.062857.