食源性疾病预警与控制系统研究

食源性疾病的危害较大。基于信息技术的食源性疾病防范体系,利用先进的信息技术,构建良好的食品卫生安全体系,建立综合性的、可持续的系统,将积极有效地预防和及时高效地控制食源性疾病,从而降低食源性疾病对社会的危害。食源性疾病预警与控制系统主要由信息收集系统与信息处理决策系统组成,通过信息的快速传输、资料共享和信息相关处理,及时有效地预警控制食源性疾病。     

The synthesis,electrochemical and theoretical nonlinear optical properties of push–pull chromophores for photorefractive composites

Four chromophores, of different dipole moment and polarizable anisotropy and which comprised conjugation bridges of both benzene and polyene with strong electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups, were characterized using ¹H NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis, and electrochemical analyses. The electric dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the chromophores were examined using computational methods. The contribution of orientational birefringence to total birefringence was estimated from the calculated molecular parameters of the chromophores; these parameters are important factors for predicting photorefractive efficiency.     

Quantitative assessment of risk associated with dietary intake of mycotoxin ochratoxin A on the adult inhabitants in Shanghai city of P.R. China

Mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be a possible risk factor for adverse effects in humans. In the present study, quantitative assessment of risk associated with dietary intake of OTA was performed based on consumption habits of the representative adult inhabitants in Shanghai city of P. R. China. Firstly, a total of 400 food samples randomly collected from different locations of Shanghai were analyzed by the previously established isotope dilution LC–MS/MS method. Then, 265 participants of 70 males and 195 females as representative inhabitants were invited to answer the designed questionnaire about the quantity and frequency of foods including four major varieties of grapes, cereals, beans and dried fruits as well as their derived products. Finally, all data were simulated by the point evaluation and model evaluation for the risk assessment of OTA contamination. Results from the point evaluation indicated that mean value of daily intake (DI) of OTA was 1.147 ng/kg body weight/day, which was lower than all the reference standards. However, DI value (8.566 ng/kg body weight/day) in the high percentile (97.5th) was obviously higher than the PTDI (5 ng/kg body weight/day) proposed by Scientific Committee on Food. Among the different groups of foods, OTA in cereals and derived products made the largest contribution to the potential healthy risk. The mean DI value and 97.5th percentile were 1.093 and 7.962 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively, indicating that more than 90% of the risk was due to the contamination of OTA in cereals and derived products. On the other hand, similar results were obtained by the Monte Carlo assessment model. Thus, from the currently available data and analyzed results on the adult inhabitants, regarding OTA contamination issues on food safety administration of Shanghai, there was no significant attention which should be paid on food consumption in Shanghai, besides cereals and derived products with very little possibility as the risk factors.     

2008—2010年上海市夏秋季市售海产品中副溶血性弧菌污染监测结果分析

目的 了解上海市夏秋季节市售海产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染水平和特征.方法 2008-2010年5-10月,采用GB/T 4789.7-2008《食品卫生微生物学检验副溶血性孤菌检验》方法,对上海市批发市场、集贸市场、卖场超市和餐饮单位等污染物监测点的市售海产品进行副溶血性弧菌的定性和定量检测.结果 共监测市售海产品941件,副溶血性弧菌总体检出率为13.2％,不同种类、不同监测月份和不同采样地点的海产品,其副溶血性弧菌检出率和样品几何平均浓度总体上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中,海产虾类副溶血性弧菌检出率(25.0％)和样品几何平均浓度(5.0 MPN/g)显著高于其他类海产品(P＜0.05);8月份海产品副溶血性弧菌检出率(27.4％)和样品几何平均浓度(3.3 MPN/g)显著高于其他监测月份(P＜0.05);集贸市场副溶血性弧菌检出率(28.5％)和批发市场样品几何平均浓度(3.9 MPN/g)显著高于其他采样地点(P＜0.05).结论 上海市市售海产品中副溶血性孤菌的污聚率较高,应进一步开展海产品中副溶血性弧菌的风险监测和评估,并针对副溶血性弧菌污染的高风险环节开展监管.     

植物油中甾醇烯类物质的检测研究

建立了GC-MS测定植物油中4种甾醇烯类物质的方法。样品用石油醚提取,经硅胶柱净化,HP-5毛细管柱(5%苯基聚硅氧烷,30 m)分离,质谱检测采用SIM模式。在0.062 5～1.0 mg/L的质量浓度范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性,线性相关系数(r)大于0.99。在特级初榨橄榄油中添加0.025、0.050 mg/kg和0.100 mg/kg水平的甾醇烯类物质,平均加标回收率为78.6%～107.3%,相对标准偏差小于8%,方法检测限可达0.010 mg/kg。本方法准确、灵敏、可靠,已应用于实际样品分析,并可作为鉴别地沟油的方法之一。     

欧盟及成员国食品微生物监控体系分析与启示

目的为建立和完善我国的食品微生物监控体系提供参考。方法分析了欧盟及成员国食品微生物相关法律法规、标准、实施指南等,初步探究了欧盟及成员国采取的微生物风险分级控制措施和决策树分析法。结果概括了欧盟及成员国微生物监控体系的特点。结论借鉴欧盟科学完善的微生物监控体系,提出了构建我国食品微生物控制总体框架的技术依据。     

聚碳酸酯食品容器卫生标准的探讨

目的为修订聚碳酸酯食品容器卫生标准,设定检测项目及其迁移限量提供科学依据。方法对聚碳酸酯食品容器的生产、食品接触情况进行现场调查,随机抽取60批次样品,检测蒸发残渣(水、4%乙酸、20%乙醇、正己烷)、高锰酸钾消耗量、游离酚和重金属,并同时检测双酚A特定迁移量。结果检测结果显示,蒸发残渣、游离酚和重金属的合格率均为100%,高锰酸钾消耗量的合格率为98.2%,双酚A特定迁移量检出值范围为0.5～3.0μg/kg,检出均值为0.9±0.4μg/kg。结论根据检测结果、风险评估资料,参考美国FDA、日本、欧盟法规,提出了我国聚碳酸酯食品容器卫生标准的修订意见。     

基于气象因素的细菌性食物中毒预警系统的建立

目的建立基于气象条件的细菌性食物中毒预警系统。方法基于1992~2006年上海地区集体性细菌性食物中毒事件资料和气温、相对湿度的气象数据,计算在给定的气象条件范围内全年和逐月中毒事件发生的条件概率,统计黄金周对中毒事件发生概率的影响。结果建立了基于气温和相对湿度的细菌性食物中毒预警系统,划分了中毒事件预警的等级标准。结论经2007年和2008年细菌性食物中毒事件实际发生情况的验证,本研究建立的模型对事件高发期内中毒事件的发生有一定的预报能力。     

中国食品包装材料卫生监管及与美国、欧盟的比较

目的提高我国食品容器和包装材料卫生监管水平。方法采用回顾和比对的研究方法，回顾了我国食品容器和包装材料卫生标准与监管的发展历史，从法律依据和卫生标准分析了我国食品容器和包装材料卫生监管的现况．研究了美国和欧盟有关食品容器和包装材料监管的法律依据和监管模式。结果我国食品容器和包装材料卫生监管在法律、标准和监管模式上存在诸多不足，可能产生食品安全风险。结论针对我国食品容器和包装材料卫生监管存在的不足，应加强立法、完善新产品审批、修订卫生标准和加强对生产使用的监管。     

ASE萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定化妆品包装材料中增塑剂的含量

利用DIONEX ASE350快速溶剂萃取设备提取了化妆品包装材料中可能使用的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-甲氧基）乙酯（DMEP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（DI-OP）和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）等六种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。萃取溶剂为正己烷,萃取温度150℃,压力8 963kPa,驻留时间8min,循环3次,冲洗体积50%,吹扫时间20s。样液经浓缩后采用气相色谱/质谱联用方法测定。试验分析了10个化妆品包装垫片材料样品,发现增塑剂含量范围在0.0024%～1.57%。此方法检测效果良好。