Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Vitamin E Improves Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice

The study aims to investigate the effect of combined supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) and vitamin E (VE) on the oxidative stress and liver triglycerides (TG) accumulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. C57BL/6J mice are fed either a control diet or an HFD for 8 weeks. Animals are supplemented with DHA, VE, or DHA + VE, respectively. Supplementation with DHA alone shows significant improvement in oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in mice. Supplementation with DHA significantly reduces the liver TG and total cholesterol contents, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, compared with the HFD. Supplementation with DHA also significantly decreases the mRNA expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C. However, supplementation with VE alone does not show improvement in oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis. DHA + VE supply obtains a superior effect in alleviation of hepatic steatosis than DHA supplementation alone in mice fed by HFD. The efficacy of DHA potentiated by VE can be due to that VE enhances the effect of DHA in decrease of ALT and AST levels and increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione level in mice fed by HFD. Practical Applications: Supplementation with DHA significantly improves the oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD in mice. The efficacy of DHA in the alleviation of hepatic steatosis induced by HFD is potentiated by VE. These findings may provide a rational basis for the use of DHA and VE co-supplementation in patients with liver steatosis.     

Enhancement of safety and quality of ready-to-cook Asian green mussel using acidic electrolyzed water depuration in combination with sous vide cooking

Emerging technologies were combined to ensure the safety for consumers of Asian green mussel (AGM; Perna viridis). The combination of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) depuration and sous vide cooking effectively reduced Vibrios while maintaining the quality of mussel. The use of AEW depuration combined with sous vide cooking at 100 °C for 1 min (D/SV-1) provided the yield of mussel meat of 27.22%, maintained the color, and texture properties. It could prevent the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and caused no changes in patterns of main proteins including paramyosin, actin and tropomyosin. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and Shewanella algae in AGM without treatment were 4.12, 3.00 and 3.30 log₁₀ CFU/g, respectively. Those bacterial species were confirmed by MALDI Biotyper® technique. They were potentially inactivated by the selected process. In addition, the next generation sequencing (NGS) based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a low percentage of V. vulnificus genome (2.72%) and the complete elimination of other naturally existing Vibrios. Overall, AEW depuration of raw mussels, followed by sous vide cooking could be a promising method for the production of safe ready-to-cook Asian green mussels for consumption.Industry relevanceCommon Asian green mussel (AGM; Perna viridis) may represent a risk for public health associated with pathogenic bacteria originating from the aquatic environment. It also deteriorates rapidly within 1–2 days because of its perishable nature, thus losing its market value. To tackle such problems, appropriate pretreatment using acidic electrolyzed water depuration, followed by sous vide cooking under proper conditions could be implemented for safety assurance of ready-to-cook AGM by eliminating both pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Also, the eating quality could be maintained. As a consequence, the technology developed in the present study could offer an effective solution for ensuring customer safety without compromising eating quality. It could be commercially employed for seafood processing industry, especially for bivalve mollusks, e.g., mussels, scallops, and clams.     

Viscosity change in oil/water food emulsions prepared using a membrane emulsification system

This paper reports viscosity measurements of oil/water (O/W) monodispersed emulsions of different droplet diameters obtained in a membrane emulsification system. Hydrophilic microporous glass membranes of different pore diameters were used to prepare O/W emulsions. The results showed that the droplet diameter of the emulsions varied with the average pore diameter of the membrane. The average droplet diameter was found to be about five times greater than the average membrane pore diameter. A correlation was found for the relationship between the average droplet diameter and the emulsion viscosity. As the dispersed droplet size became smaller, the total surface area of the droplets increased. Therefore, the emulsion viscosity and the relative viscosity increased. Few studies have reported the viscosity of O/W emulsions with droplet diameter of 5 μm or more and an oil phase concentration of 10 vol% or less. In the present study a correlation between the droplet diameter and the emulsion viscosity was statistically established. ©     

低温等离子体对中华管鞭虾（Solenocera crassicorni）菌相变化及品质特性的影响

为研究低温等离子体对虾类保鲜贮藏期间的作用机理,本实验以中华管鞭虾为研究对象,利用低温等离子体对其进行处理,考察中华管鞭虾在贮藏过程中菌相及品质变化。以（4±1）℃为贮藏条件,对其微生物多样性进行分析,并对比分析了经低温等离子体处理后中华管鞭虾的挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、菌落总数、弹性、咀嚼性及肌肉微观结构的变化。结果表明,未处理组中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）与腐败希瓦氏菌属（Shewanella）为优势腐败菌,两者相对丰度在贮藏6 d时分别达到49.01%和28.6%,而处理组的优势菌株为气单胞菌属（Aeromonas）,贮藏6 d时相对丰度为43.16%;未处理组的TVB-N含量在4 d已经达到（28.03±1.98）mg/100 g,但处理组仅在8 d时接近限值（30 mg/100 g）,在物性指标中,处理组与未处理组相比弹性、咀嚼性均下降缓慢;在电子显微镜下观察,在第4天时,未处理组的肌纤维空隙出现絮状结构,而处理组的肌肉微观结构与新鲜状态时无明显差异。综上,低温等离子处理可有效延缓因微生物作用导致的管鞭虾腐败,并显著改变其微观形态,有利于提高贮运品质。本研究结果可为该新型技术应用于水产品保鲜提供理论参考。     

Noble-metal-free CdS@MoS2 core-shell nanoheterostructures for efficient and stabilized visible-light-driven H2 generation

Photocatalytic water splitting is considered to be a green H₂ generation approach and has potential to be applied in the future. As a photocatalytic active material for H₂ evolution, CdS is a good candidate. However, the pristine CdS still suffers from low efficiency and poor stability. To address those issues, we developed noble-metal-free CdS@MoS₂ core-shell nanoheterostructures which exhibit outstanding photocatalytic H₂ evolution performance thus far with rate of 62.55 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which exceeds that of pristine CdS by a factor of 148. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic stability can be well retained with no deterioration of activity in 24 h reaction. The excellent performance can be reasonably attributed to the low crystallinity of MoS₂ with numerous active sites provided, and the band alignment of CdS and MoS₂ as determined by valence band-XPS and Mott-Schottky plots analysis, which significantly promotes charge transportation and separation. The enhanced photocatalytic stability here should be ascribed to the intimate growth of MoS₂ shells which significantly passivate the surface trap states of CdS cores and thus the photocorrosion is remarkably retarded. This novel strategy will inspire the fabrication of other photocatalytic systems, and may high-efficient photocatalysts be obtained.     

弱磁场对胰蛋白酶活性和构象的影响

本文采用100 mT磁场处理胰蛋白酶2 h,并利用红外光谱、圆二色谱等研究了磁场处理前后胰蛋白酶活性及结构的变化,采用抑菌圈法测定了胰蛋白酶水解梅鱼蛋白所得酶解液的抑菌活性变化。结果表明,经100 mT磁场处理2 h后单位浓度酶解液的抑菌圈直径得到提高,其中大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)抑菌圈直径由(4.71±0.22) mm提高至(8.54±0.23) mm,酶活相较于未处理组高52.5 U/min;弱磁场处理后,胰蛋白酶氨基酸总量下降,必需氨基酸占比上升;红外光谱峰整体蓝移,α-螺旋和β-折叠含量增加。     

蛋白水解肽-Fe~(2+)配合物对紫贻贝体内Cd脱除的影响

为探讨紫贻贝体内重金属Cd残留的脱除方法,采用海水中添加制备的蛋白水解肽-Fe2+配合物(TPH-Fe2+)进行暂养,检测贻贝不同组织器官中Cd含量变化情况。结果显示,贻贝不同器官中Cd富集量,依次为内脏团鳃后闭壳肌外套膜前闭壳肌,且在0~10 d自然净化过程中,无显著性下降趋势(P0.05)。添加10 mg/L TPH-Fe2+净化处理,对贻贝内脏团及鳃中Cd含量无显著性影响;添加15~25 mg/L TPH-Fe2+净化处理贻贝4 d后,内脏团、鳃、前后闭壳肌及外套膜中Cd含量均有不同程度下降(P0.05);20 mg/L TPH-Fe2+净化10 d后,贻贝不同器官中Cd脱除率表现为鳃内脏团外套膜前后闭壳肌,最高脱除率分别为41.00%、37.43%、29.81%和29.01%,与25 mg/L TPH-Fe2+净化处理组无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,蛋白水解肽-Fe2+配合物有效脱除贻贝体内Cd残留,可作为一种双壳贝类养殖饲料添加剂加以应用。