Spindle-shaped microfluidic chamber with uniform perfusion flows

The reaction chamber is important due to its wide applications. Based on the idea of the bionics, a novel spindle-shaped chamber (S-chamber) for microfluidics was designed to provide uniform flow and eliminate stagnant corners for microchannels. The computational fluid dynamics simulation results demonstrate that these S-chambers have a better performance compared to the conventional diamond-shaped chambers. An S-chamber with the optimized shape, which consists of a rectangle reaction region interfaced to the inlet/outlet channel through an expansion region with smooth arc edges, was fabricated by micromolding of polydimethylsiloxane. This S-chamber was fixed into a microreactor and mounted horizontally on a synthesizer for biochemical reactions. Solvent perfusion experiments and synthetic optimization experiments for in situ synthesis of peptide nucleic acids microarray were performed. The experimental results indicate that the newly designed and fabricated S-chamber provides excellent homogeneous perfusion flows. This type of S-chamber is designed for the most convenient fixation in the horizontal direction, without the need to consider the complicated effect caused by other housing directions. It has a wide application for cell culturing, microarray synthesis, gene hybridization, and many other microfluidic system-based techniques requiring uniform flow conditions.     

Comparison of the performance of the class modelling techniques UNEQ,SIMCA, and PRIMA

Derde, M.P. and Massart, D.L., 1988. Comparison of the performance of the class modelling techniques UNEQ, SIMCA, and PRIMA. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 4: 65-93By means of a Monte Carlo study a systematic comparison of the supervised pattern recognition techniques of the class modelling type, UNEQ, SIMCA and PRIMA is made. In particular, the success rate of the classification decisions and the influence of the sample size on it were investigated.It was concluded that better class models are obtained when a technique is used that takes the shape of the population distribution into account. If the actual distribution cannot be determined, then use should be made of techniques that make no or only weak assumptions about the shape of the distribution. However, even then it remains worthwhile to investigate whether the variables are correlated and to take this information into account.When using SIMCA and PRIMA, attention should also be paid to the way the class models are defined: an approach that makes use of certain sample parameters such as the range of the variables or the maximum distance between a training object and the class model might lead to overly broad models, especially for large training sets.     

基于GC-IMS分析碾减率对籼米米饭挥发性物质的影响

目的：研究碾减率对籼米米饭挥发性物质组成的影响。方法：以籼稻“隆科早1号”为原料制备理想碾减率为0%~14%的籼米,同时采用气相色谱—离子迁移色谱（GC-IMS）测定米饭的挥发性物质,并根据指纹图谱结合多元统计分析籼米米饭中挥发性物质差异。结果：当碾减率为8%时,籼米米饭的感官评分最高。米饭中挥发性物质主要是醛类、酮类、醇类及少量的呋喃类等。大部分挥发性物质在碾减率为0%~6%的籼米米饭中含量较高;当碾减率为10%~14%时,米饭中的挥发性物质组成无明显差异。采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）筛选出 18 种特征标志物（VIP>1）,其中,2-甲基-1-丁醇、乙酸异戊酯、异戊醇、2-戊烯醛、3-甲基丁酸、2-乙基呋喃等可以作为“隆科早1号”不同碾减率大米米饭的差异性挥发性物质。结论：碾磨可以降低糙米米饭中挥发性物质含量,当碾减率为8%时,米饭具有良好的气味和感官品质。     

不同预处理对低温脱脂豆粕中大豆β-伴球蛋白功能性质的影响 关键词：

采用新鲜低温脱脂豆粕、干热处理脱脂豆粕和溶剂浸提脱脂豆粕为原料制备大豆β-伴球蛋白,研究预处理对低温脱脂豆粕残余脂质含量和脂肪氧合酶酶活以及制备大豆β-伴球蛋白功能性质的影响。干热处理对低温脱脂豆粕中残余脂质含量无显著影响,但可使得脂肪氧合酶酶活下降7.69%;溶剂浸提使得低温脱脂豆粕中残余脂质含量和脂肪氧合酶酶活分别下降98.08%和96.12%,表明溶剂浸提可显著抑制低温脱脂豆粕中脂质过氧化反应的发生。干热处理低温脱脂豆粕使得制备大豆β-伴球蛋白溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性以及凝胶性质变差,溶剂浸提低温脱脂豆粕可改善制备大豆β-伴球蛋白溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性和凝胶性质。这一研究结果为改善大豆蛋白功能性质提供前期研究基础。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Prob1822复合抗热保护剂的研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）Prob1822为研究对象,以热诱激处理（55 ℃热处理10 min）稳定期菌体存活率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面法研究枯草芽孢杆菌Prob1822复合抗热保护剂的组成。结果表明,单一抗热保护剂以海藻糖、蔗糖及脱脂奶粉抗热保护效果较好;利用响应面法优化复合抗热保护剂配方为海藻糖9.0%、蔗糖5.0%和脱脂奶粉6.8%。在此最优条件下,菌体存活率为（95.24±0.84）%。糖类与蛋白质联用作为复合抗热保护剂比单一保护剂抗热保护效果更好,可减轻喷雾干燥对菌体亚细胞结构及生物大分子损伤,实现枯草芽孢杆菌的抗热保护。     

柑橘皮中多甲氧基黄酮的体外抗氧化活性研究

通过体外抗氧化实验对柑橘皮中五种多甲氧基黄酮单体的抗氧化功能进行研究。结果表明:柑橘皮中五种黄酮单体均有一定抗亚油酸氧化能力,且均强于芦丁;类黄酮单体抑制脂质体氧化能力均表现出一定的浓度依赖关系;清除·OH自由基能力与相应浓度也存在正相关关系。     

Isolation and characterisation of antibacterial peptides derived from the f(164–207) region of bovine αS2-casein

A chymosin digest of sodium caseinate, which showed antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua, was fractionated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and the purified antibacterial peptides were characterised by mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid sequencing and comparison to peptide masses of theoretical enzymic digests of milk proteins. Five antibacterial peptides, Cr1, Cr3, Cr4, Cr5 and Cr7 corresponding to amino acid residues 181–207, 180–207, 175–207, 164–207 and 172–207 of bovine α_S2-casein, respectively, were isolated. The minimal inhibitory concentration of peptides Cr1, Cr4 and Cr5 was determined against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed similar activities to those of the bacteriocin peptide, nisin and the antibacterial peptide, lactoferricin B against certain Gram-positive bacteria. A partially purified chymosin digest of sodium caseinate (Cr_MIX) was prepared and observed to be heat stable for up to 15 min on exposure to 121 °C. Although Cr_MIX showed bactericidal activity against Salmonella Typhimurium in 0.1% (w/v) peptone medium, no antibacterial activity was observed when tested in skim milk at the same concentration.     

基于特征性脂肪酸和甘油三酯指标的油茶籽油掺伪定性鉴别模型对比分析

为解决油茶籽油掺伪其他植物油的定性鉴别问题,在油茶籽油中分别掺入大豆油、花生油、葵花籽油、棉籽油、葡萄籽油、菜籽油、棕榈油和米糠油,设置高和低两种不同掺伪梯度,基于14个特征性脂肪酸和甘油三酯指标,运用Python语言构建并对比分析了二分类决策树模型、多分类决策树模型和多层感知机人工神经网络(MLP-ANN)模型用于油茶籽油掺伪定性鉴别的效果。结果表明：高和低掺伪梯度下,二分类决策树模型对油茶籽油掺伪其他植物油的定性鉴别的准确率均达到0.95以上;多分类决策树模型的精确率和准确率在高掺伪梯度下均达到了0.95,但在低掺伪梯度下仅为0.90;在高和低掺伪梯度下,MLP-ANN模型对油茶籽油掺伪定性鉴别的平均精确率均达到0.98,准确率分别达到0.97和0.98。相比于决策树模型,MLP-ANN模型能很好地实现油茶籽油掺伪定性鉴别。     

冷榨花生粕蛋白胨酶法制备及其在微生物增殖培养中的应用

为探讨冷榨花生粕蛋白质酶法制备蛋白胨替代商用蛋白胨的可行性,将冷榨花生粕用胃蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶进行双酶协同水解制备冷榨花生粕蛋白水解物（也称为冷榨花生粕蛋白胨）,并分析其分子质量分布、化学组分分析及氨基酸组成。研究发现,经双酶协同水解后的冷榨花生粕蛋白胨主要由小于5.0 kDa的肽段组成,富含丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸等氨基酸,特别是谷氨酸含量较高。微生物增殖培养实验结果表明,大肠杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基中培养8 h后比牛肉膏蛋白胨中生长情况好;枯草芽孢杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基中比LB培养基中有较长的滞后期,但培养8 h后,生长情况比LB培养基更好;大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基和对照培养基中pH值变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）;干酪乳杆菌在冷榨花生粕蛋白胨培养基和MRS培养基中生长情况有显著差异（P＜0.05）;金黄色葡萄球菌在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照培养基生长差异不显著（P＞0.05）;酿酒酵母在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照生长有类似的生长曲线与pH值变化趋势;米曲霉在冷榨花生粕培养基中与对照培养生长无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结果表明,冷榨花生粕蛋白胨在替代商用蛋白胨用于微生物的增殖培养应用中具有很好的潜力。     

花生肽亚铁稳定性及胃肠仿生消化行为研究

为研究花生肽亚铁口服后的人胃肠仿生消化行为及降解规律,以不同相对分子质量(1.0 kDa、 1.0～3.0 kDa、3.0 kDa)的花生肽为载体,以氯化亚铁为配体,分别制备L-PPC、M-PPC和H-PPC,考察了其稳定性和胃肠消化耐受性。研究表明:L-PPC比M-PPC和H-PPC具有更好的pH稳定性且存在极显著差异(p0.01),H-PPC的pH稳定性最差;H-PPC热耐受性最差,特别是温度超过50℃后,亚铁螯合率低于50%,与L-PPC和M-PPC有极显著差异(p0.01),L-PPC热耐受性最好;L-PPC胃酸耐受性明显高于M-PPC和H-PPC,胃仿生消化30 min,L-PPC和M-PPC亚铁螯合率差异不显著(p0.05),与H-PPC差异极显著(p0.01);胃仿生消化90 min和120 min时,M-PPC和H-PPC的亚铁螯合率分别为(71.83%±1.32)%、(56.61±1.16)%和(61.46±1.25)%、(53.90±1.33)%;胃仿生消化120 min时,L-PPC、M-PPC和H-PPC相对于胃仿生消化30 min,亚铁螯合率残存率分别为91.15%、69.05%和74.10%。M-PPC和H-PPC经十二指肠仿生消化60 min时,亚铁螯合率分别下降至(57.93±0.83)%、(45.65±0.87)%,再经小肠仿生消化180 min,亚铁螯合率分别下降至(38.42±0.85)%、(18.34±0.72)%,与L-PPC差异极显著(p0.01),L-PPC具有较好的肠耐受性,H-PPC肠耐受性最差。结果说明,L-PPC相比M-PPC和H-PPC具有更优良的pH稳定性、热耐受性和胃肠消化耐受性。