Instron texture profile of buffalo milk cheddar cheese as influenced by composition and ripening changes

Buffalo milk Cheddar cheese samples of different ages were analysed for compositional attributes (CA), ripening indices (RI) and Instron Textural Profile (ITP). All samples were compositionally alike, except for pH and salt-in-moisture (SM) contents. RI showed significant variations. CA and RI showed highly significant correlations within themselves and with each other, except for moisture with pH, SM with moisture, MNFS, Fat and FDM and Fat with MNFS. The ITPs of cheeses showed significant variations and had highly significant intercorrelations indicating their interdependence. CA (except moisture and MNFS) and RI showed a highly significant correlationship with ITPs. Moisture content showed a highly significant correlationship with all ITPs, except cohesiveness and springiness, where it was significant. MNFS content showed significant correlations only with hardness and brittleness. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that MI was the most predominant factor influencing cheese texture, followed by pH, SM, FDM and TVFA. Knowing Ca and RI, the textural properties of cheeses can be forecast through mathematical equations. Similarly the age of cheese can also be predicted if RI and/or textural properties are known.     

A signature protein-based method to distinguish Mediterranean water buffalo and foreign breed milk

A novel genetic variant at the α_s1-casein locus of water buffalo (WB), 8-residue shorter than its wild-type has been found and sequenced. The internal deletion of the peptide E³⁵KVNELsT⁴² was confirmed by the isolation of the junction peptide. The 8-residue deletion mutant has a molecular weight that is 919 Da less than that of the wild-type. The novel isoform with a unique f35-42 deletion could be the result of the skipping of exon 6, generating an exon 6-deleted variant of α_s1-casein. The wild-type and its shortened α_s1-casein forms were found to co-exist in many individual milk samples. In contrast, the 8-residue, internally deleted α_s1-casein variant did not occur in water buffaloes of the Mediterranean breed reared in Italy. Wild-type α_s1-casein has 6 to 8 phosphate groups (P) while the internally deleted form 6 and 7P per molecule.     

搅拌型芒果果粒水牛酸乳制作工艺及其优化途径的研究

以具有广西特色的芒果和水牛奶为原料,先进行单因素实验,再利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计,将组合赋权评价方法和响应面分析法结合运用,优化搅拌型芒果果粒水牛酸乳制作工艺。结果表明:搅拌型酸乳的色泽、风味、质构的组合权重分别为0.311,0.373,0.336。其最优制作工艺条件是:砂糖质量分数为8%,果粒添加量10%,复配稳定剂添加量0.09%。依照优化工艺进行验证,采用组合赋权法评价样品,制品质量总分为1.21,误差较小,可见所建立的数学模型能较准确地反映搅拌型芒果果粒酸乳的工艺条件。     

Fibrolytic potential of anaerobic fungi (Piromyces sp.) isolated from wild cattle and blue bulls in pure culture and effect of their addition on in vitro fermentation of wheat straw and methane emission by rumen fluid of buffaloes

BACKGROUND: Ten isolates of anaerobic fungi of Piromyces genus from wild cattle and blue bulls (five isolates from each host species) were evaluated for their fibrolytic ability in pure culture, their suitability for use as a microbial additive in buffaloes and their effect on methane emission. RESULTS: In pure culture, only two out of five isolates from wild cattle degraded wheat straw efficiently, whereas all five isolates from wild blue bulls did. Isolate CF1 (from cattle) showed the highest apparent digestibility (53.4%), true digestibility (70.8%) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (75.0%) of wheat straw after 5 days of incubation. When added to buffalo rumen fluid, all five isolates from cattle increased (P < 0.05) in vitro apparent digestibility of wheat straw compared with the control (received autoclaved culture), but all five isolates from blue bulls failed to influence in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Isolate CF1 showed the highest stimulating effect on straw digestion by buffalo rumen fluid microbes and increased apparent digestibility (51.9 vs 29.4%, P < 0.05), true digestibility (57.9 vs 36.5%, P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (51.5 vs 26.9%, P < 0.05) of wheat straw compared with the control after 24 h of fermentation. There were also significant increases in fungal count and enzyme activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase in the CF1‐added group compared with the control group. Gas and methane production g^?1 truly digested dry matter of straw were comparable among all groups including the control. CONCLUSION: Wild cattle and blue bulls harbour some anaerobic fungal strains with strong capability to hydrolyse fibre. The fungal isolate CF1 has high potential for use as a microbial feed additive in buffaloes to improve digestibility of fibrous feeds without increasing methane emission per unit of digested feed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

碱性蛋白酶制备水牛乳抗氧化活性肽酶解条件的优化

采用碱性蛋白酶,以水解度以及DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,通过单因素以及正交实验优化水牛乳蛋白的酶解工艺,确定碱性蛋白酶制备水牛乳抗氧化活性肽的最佳酶解工艺为:底物质量分数5％,加酶量10 000U/g,酶解pH值为10.5,酶解时间2.5 h,温度为60℃;此时,酶解物水解度达30.46％±0.15％,DPPH自由基清除率达69.13％±1.22％.     

A survey of the occurrence and properties of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus intermedius in water buffalo milk and dairy products in Turkey

Antimicrobial resistance, β‐lactamase activity and mecA gene of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from raw water buffalo milk and dairy products in Turkey were determined. All strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic but none was resistant to vancomycin. Of the 97 S. aureus and 35 S. intermedius strains, 9 (9.2%) and 2 (5.7%) were resistant to oxacillin and harboured mecA gene. β‐lactamase activity of 13.4% and 5.7% of S. aureus and S. intermedius strains was positive, respectively. Overall, 2.5% and 0.55% of the samples were contaminated with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus and S. intermedius, respectively.     

水牛酸凝乳和黑白花酸凝乳中挥发性风味物质的对比研究

以水牛奶和黑白花牛奶为原料,利用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)提取水牛酸凝乳和黑白花牛酸凝乳中的风味物质,进一步采用GC-MS分析。结果表明,水牛酸凝乳中鉴定出18种风味成分;黑白花牛酸凝乳中共鉴定出16种风味成分。主要呈味物质2,3-丁二酮在水牛酸凝乳和黑白花牛酸凝乳中相对质量分数别为2.95%和3.06%。     

水牛内底革植鞣工艺的改进

通过对传统植鞣水牛内底革生产工艺的改进,使生产周期从20d缩短为8-10d,栲胶用量降低10%-15%,减轻了职工的劳动强度,减少了废液的排放.     

广西水牛原料乳微生物和理化指标分析

按不同种群从广西取80个水牛原料乳样品，通过理化和微生物指标检测，对水牛乳营养价值和安全性进行了分析比较．主要理化检测结果如下：脂肪7．32％，蛋白质4．71％，乳糖4．67％。固形物18．42％，灰分0．84％（均为质量分数），pH值为652，密度1.030g／mL。纯种河流型水牛摩拉和尼里-拉菲的脂肪、蛋白质、固形物、灰分舍量显著低于（P〈0.05）河流-沼泽型杂交水牛。微生物检测结果如下（对数值）：细菌总数5．69mL^-1，茅孢菌3．03mL^-1，乳酸菌4．79mL^-1，真菌1．80mL^-1，大肠菌群2．48mL^-1，大肠杆菌1．83mL^-1，金黄色葡萄球菌1.80mL^-1，所有样品中李斯特氏苗均未检出。地区间微生物指标差异较大。微生物含量均在可接受范围之内，但是致病菌的出现说明需要建立相关的卫生质量标准.