西藏地区牦牛乳理化和微生物指标的检测分析

研究了西藏地区牦牛乳的理化指标和微生物指标。从西藏3个不同地区共取48份牦牛乳样品．通过理化和微生物指标的检测及其统计分析，研究发现牦牛乳的营养成分为：脂肪7．14％（体积分数）、粗蛋白5．06％（质量分数）、干物质18．45％（质量分数）、乳糖5．00％（质量分数）和灰分0．81％（质量分数），并且不同地区各成分的质量分数也不同。牦牛乳的微生物检测结果为（对数值）：细菌5．63mL^-1，芽孢菌1．76mL^-1，乳酸菌5．19mL，真菌3．03mL^-1，肠道菌3．27mL^-1，大肠杆菌2．09mL^-1和金黄色葡萄球菌3．52mL^-1，并且存在明显的地区差异性。     

浙江地区三种醉鱼干的质量及成分分析

对浙江地区所生产的三种醉鱼干的微生物指标、盐分、TBA值、一般营养成分（水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分）以及氨基酸组成成分进行了分析。实验结果分析，三种醉鱼干的盐分含量在6—7％之间、TBA值在1．41左右、水分含量在50％左右、蛋白质含量在30％左右、脂肪含量在6％左右、灰分在10％左右。     

大米理化指标指纹在产地溯源的探究

为了比较不同地域来源大米理化指标含量差异,分析各理化指标对大米产地的判别效果,探讨理化指标指纹分析技术对大米产地鉴别的可行性。通过对来自查哈阳、建三江和五常3个产区89份大米样品的蛋白质、直链淀粉、脂肪和灰分的含量进行测定,对数据进行单因素方差分析、多重比较分析和判别分析。结果表明:不同产地大米的理化指标有显著差异。建三江大米样品的蛋白质含量最高,直链淀粉和脂肪含量最低;五常大米样品的脂肪含量最高,蛋白质和灰分含量最低;查哈阳大米样品的各指标含量均处于中间状态。进一步利用蛋白质、直链淀粉、脂肪和灰分的含量对大米产地进行判别分析,交叉检验正确判别率为95.5%,说明不同地域来源的大米有其独特的品质特征,理化指标指纹分析是鉴别大米产地的一种潜在技术。     

广东白腐乳质量与安全性评价

以广东白腐乳为研究对象，按照行业标准SB／T 10170-1993检测了其理化指标（包括水分、pH值、氨基酸态氮、NaCl以及水溶性无盐固形物）、微生物指标（包括细菌总数、酵母菌、霉菌、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌），并进行了感官评价，分析了腐乳的微生物安全与质量，结果表明10个样品的各项指标均符合行业标准。     

腐竹揭皮过程中理化参数变化趋势研究

本文探讨了腐竹揭皮过程中各种理化指标的变化趋势及其对腐竹品质的影响。研究表明，在揭皮过程中蛋白质浓度和豆浆固形物浓度分别从3％和5％上升到4．4％和12％，pH值从6．5下降到6．1，腐竹中蛋白质含量从50％下降到40．1％，腐竹的韧性则从280g下降到50g。     

水牛乳体细胞数与理化性质关系的研究

测定麽拉水牛、尼里-拉菲水牛、高代三品种杂交水牛、一代杂交水牛乳中的体细胞数(Somatic Cell Count,SCC)及其理化性质,分析水牛乳SCC与理化性质之间的关系,探讨了水牛乳SCC水平对理化性质的影响。结果表明:在不同SCC水平下,水牛乳蛋白质、脂肪、总固形物、冰点、酒精阳性率变化不显著,水牛乳非脂固形物、乳糖、酸度、比重随着SCC的升高而显著降低,隐性乳房炎患病率随着SCC的升高而显著增加;在所测样品中,麽拉、尼里-拉菲水牛乳SCC>30×104mL-1,三品种杂交以及一代杂交水牛乳的SCC>50×104mL-1时,非脂固形物、乳糖、酸度、比重均值以及隐性乳房炎患病率变化更显著。     

微生物油脂精炼的研究

对微生物油脂含量、微生物油脂的制备、微生物油脂的定性分析、产品的理化指标进行了分析探讨,并推荐产品的质量标准,我们实验研究结果：发酵生物量可达４９g干菌体／Ｌ发酵液,含量油率４２．５６％－４７．２５％,蛋白质含量３０％－３５％,灰分５％－７％,纤维素２％－４％,产油量１９．７g, γ－亚麻酸５．７８％－６．５９％,花生四烯酸４．７５％,提供了微生物发酵制取微生物油脂的工艺参数,为微生物油脂的工业化生产提供了科学依据。     

国内市场纯燕麦片及复合麦片营养和微生物指标分析

麦片是重要的早餐食品,因相关质量标准不完善,导致目前市场上产品质量差异较大。以国内市场上销售的39种纯燕麦片和79种复合麦片为材料,分别测定其矿物质含量(Ca、Zn、Na、Fe、Se)、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪和β-葡聚糖含量,并分析微生物菌落、霉菌、大肠杆菌总数。结果表明：纯燕麦片和复合麦片各测定成分含量差异显著。复合麦片各营养成分含量变异系数大于纯燕麦片,复合麦品Ca和Na的平均含量高于纯燕麦片,而Zn、Fe、Se、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、β-葡聚糖平均含量均低于纯燕麦片。纯燕麦片蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、β-葡聚糖平均含量分别为13.04%、7.68%、1.71%、3.38%,显著高于复合燕麦片的相应指标(5.38%、2.47%、1.61%、0.49%)(p<1%)。纯燕麦片和复合麦片能量值差异不大。复合麦片微生物总数、大肠杆菌、霉菌数量均远远高于纯燕麦片。纯燕麦片的营养品质指标和卫生指标均优于复合麦片。     

太古油在棉短绒蒸煮中的作用

一、前言太古油是由蓖麻油与硫酸作用，再经中和而制得，又称土耳其红油即磺化蓖麻油、硫酸化蓖麻油，是一种阴离子型表面活性剂，具有分散、润滑、柔软、乳化等作用。其指标如下：外观：淡黄色油状液体总脂肪质：40．0％PH（1：10）：8．0粘度（25℃，CP）：180游离碱量（mgKOH／g）：49．1稀释稳定性（对水24小时）2％：透明耐硬水性（10％CaC1_2ml）：4．0二、应用对化纤工业，棉短绒蒸煮的目的是将棉纤维中的果胶、腊质、脂肪、蛋白质，通过碱的作用，进行皂化、乳化而除去；木素成为碱木素而溶解；半纤维素绝大部分溶去，灰分铁质…     

武陵山区葡萄酒品质及感官分析研究

根据国家标准分析了酵母辅助发酵（甲）与自然发酵（乙）两种工艺的葡萄酒的理化指标（糖度、酸度、酒精度和固形物含量）,并进行了微牛物指标的检测,并对其营养元素（钾、钠、镁、钙、锌、铁、铜等）、蛋白质、氨基酸和感官进行了分析。结果表明：两种葡萄酒的各项理化指标均在国家标准规定范围之内,其中甲的固形物含量高出乙5．36％;两种葡萄酒的微,丰物指标均能达到国家标准要求;甲的各种矿物质含量均比乙高,蛋白质含量也高出35．90％,氨基酸含量甲（35．4g／100mL）比乙（33．2g／100mL）高,且铁铜含量均在国家标准规定范围之内;通过观察和品尝,甲的色泽较乙好,且酒香较浓郁。通过对武陵山区葡萄酒的品质和感官的分析研究,为以后的理论研究提供实验数据,同时也为武陵山区葡萄酒大规模的牛产奠定理论基础。     

西藏发酵牦牛乳化学成分和微生物组成分析

从西藏4个不同地区共取48份发酵牦牛乳样品,通过化学成分和微生物指标的检测及其统计分析,研究发现牦牛乳的营养成分为:脂肪6.89%(体积分数)、蛋白质4.91%(质量分数)、干物质17.64%(质量分数)、乳糖3.8%(质量分数)和灰分0.80%(质量分数),并且不同地区各成分的质量分数也不同。牦牛乳的微生物检测结果为(对数值):细菌5.61 cfu/mL,芽孢菌1.82 cfu/mL,乳酸菌5.21 cfu/mL,真菌3.12 cfu/mL,肠道菌3.26 cfu/mL,大肠杆菌2.11 cfu/mL和金黄色葡萄球菌3.48 cfu/mL,并且存在明显的地区差异性。     

Improvement of low fat mozzarella cheese properties using denatured whey protein

Mozzarella cheese was made from buffalo milk (6% fat) or from partially skimmed buffalo milk (2 and 4% fat) with 0.5 and 1% denatured whey protein. Adding whey protein to buffalo milk decreased rennet coagulation time and curd tension whereas increased curd synaeresis. Addition of whey protein to cheese milk increased the acidity, total solids, ash, salt, salt in moisture, also some nitrogen fractions. The meltability and oiling‐off values increased but the calcium values of mozzarella cheese decreased. The sensory properties of low fat mozzarella cheese were improved by addition of whey protein to the cheese milk.     

莎能奶山羊初乳化学组成成分的研究

对不同泌乳期的莎能奶山羊初乳的化学组成成分进行了分析。结果表明,莎能奶山羊初乳中总干物质、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪含量均随泌乳期延长呈下降趋势。分娩后第一次(3h)所挤初乳中各指标含量最高,其中总干物质含量为21.32%,灰分含量为1.57%,蛋白质含量为10.24%,脂肪含量为6.61%(12h),之后下降趋势都趋于平缓。分娩后第一次(3h)所挤初乳中乳糖含量最低,为1.93%,之后随泌乳期延长乳糖含量呈上升趋势。     

新疆疆岳驴乳理化和微生物指标分析

对50头新疆疆岳驴乳的化学成分以及微生物指标进行分析.结果表明,驴乳各项理化指标分别为:总干物质9.50%、蛋白质1.52%、脂肪1.18%、乳糖6.39%、灰分0.38%.与牛乳相比较,驴乳各项指标更接近母乳.微生物检测结果为(lg CFU/ml):细菌总数4.17、芽孢菌2.40、乳酸菌3.30、金黄色葡萄球菌2.83、肠科菌1.18.     

Milk quality characteristics of Boutsiko,Frisarta and Karagouniko sheep breeds reared in the mountainous and semimountainous areas of Western and Central Greece

In this study, the chemical and microbiological characteristics of ovine milk from three indigenous Greek breeds was assessed. The breeds selected for this study were Boutsiko, Frisarta and Karagouniko. The milk yield of each breed was recorded at the early, mid‐ and late stages of lactation for two consecutive years. Among the three breeds, the average milk compositions obtained were similar for protein, lactose and total solids; however, fat values were significantly lower in Frisarta milk compared with Boutsiko and Karagouniko milk. The major fatty acids (FAs) in ovine milk were palmitic and oleic. The microbiological quality of Boutsiko and Karagouniko milk was superior to Frisarta milk.     

Nutritional,antioxidant, and antimicrobial assessment of carrot powder and its application as a functional ingredient in probiotic soft cheese

Carrots (the main source of carotenoids) have multiple nutritional and health benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compositional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of carrot powder and to examine its effect on the sensory characteristics, chemical properties, and microbial viability of probiotic soft cheese at a rate of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. The carrot was turned into powder before being analyzed and incorporated as an ingredient in making probiotic soft cheese. Probiotic soft cheese was made from buffalo milk. The buffalo milk (～6.9% fat, 4.4% protein, 9.2% milk solids not fat, and 0.7% ash) was pasteurized at 75 ± 1°C for 5 min and cooled to 40–42°C. The milk was then divided into 4 aliquots. Sodium chloride (local market, Assiut, Egypt) was added at a ratio of 5% followed by starter cultures. The carrot powder (4.5% moisture, 4.8% ash, 2.7% fat, 8.2% protein, 11.9% fibers, and 72.3% carbohydrate) was added at a rate of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%, followed by addition of 0.02 g/kg rennet. The cheese was cut again into cubes, pickled in jars filled with whey, and stored for 28 d at 6 ± 1°C. The results of this study illustrated the nutritional and antioxidant properties of carrot powder. Incorporation of carrot powder in probiotic soft cheese affected the moisture and salt content at 0 d. The total bacteria count decreased from 7.5 to 7.3 log cfu/g in the cheese when carrot powder was used at a rate of 0.6%. The reduction of total bacteria count was noticed during the 28 d of storage by adding carrot powder. Furthermore, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium longum counts elevated with adding carrot powder during the 28 d of storage.     

Modelling of acidification kinetics and textural properties in dahi (Indian yogurt) made from buffalo milk using response surface methodology

The simultaneous effects of fermentation temperature (20.8–29.2C), total solids (TS) level (13–16% w/v) and total inoculum level (1–4% v/v) on the acidification process in buffalo milk fermented with dahi culture were explored by means of response surface methodology. The changes in lactose content and lactic acid in buffalo milk (14.5% TS) inoculated with 2.5% culture were investigated during fermentation at 27.5C. The utilization of lactose followed first order kinetics during dahi fermentation. The syneresis increased with increase in fermentation temperatures. A firmer gel was achieved with a medium acidification rate in the range of fermentation temperatures from 27C to 29.2C, medium TS of 14.5–15%, and at a total inoculum level of 2.5%.     

Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Cheese Helva Produced in Turkey

In this study, the microbiological and chemical properties of Cheese helva, one of the traditional cheeses varieties produced in Turkey, was studied. This cheese is called Cheese helva since it is produced from wheat flour and milk cream. Samples were randomly collected from different villages in the Erzurum province of Turkey. The average of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), yeast and mould, yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), proteolytic bacteria, and lipolytic bacteria were determined 4.9 × 10⁷, 6.4 × 10⁴, 3.5 × 10³, 7.6 × 10⁶, 4.6 × 10³, and 8.6 × 10³ cfu/g, respectively. 44.44% of the Cheese helva samples had no coliform; the samples that were positive for coliform showed an average of 5.1 × 10³ cfu/g. Staphylococcus aureus was found < 10 cfu/g in analyzed samples. The Cheese helva was characterized by dry matter as 84.32 kg/100 kg cheese, fat as 37.44 kg/100 kg cheese, protein as 13.75 kg/100 kg cheese, NaCI as 0.58 kg/100 kg cheese, titratable acidity as 0.210%, pH as 5.30, ash as 1.49 kg/100 kg cheese, and carbohydrate as 38.56 kg/100 kg cheese. Cheese helva was found to have a high variation based on chemical composition. The microbiological tests revealed that there were high amounts of total bacteria, yeast and molds, molds, lactic acid bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, and coliforms.     

EFFECT OF MANGO PULP AND SOYMILK FORTIFICATION ON THE TEXTURE PROFILE OF SET YOGHURT MADE FROM BUFFALO MILK

The effect of the fat content in buffalo milk and proportions of buffalo milk, soymilk and mango pulp on textural characteristics of mango soy fortified yoghurt (MSFY) is reported. The TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer was used to measure the textural characteristics of MSFY prepared from blends containing varying proportions of buffalo milk (varying fat content), soymilk (8.2% total solids) and mango pulp (18% total solids). Texture profile data were used to develop regression models for dependent variables—hardness (HD), cohesiveness (CO), adhesiveness (AD), springiness (SP) and gumminess (GU), which were used to optimize the blend formula. The optimized values are 2.95% fat content in buffalo milk, 14.7% soymilk and 7.2% mango pulp in the blend for obtaining MSFY having textural characteristics similar to those of yoghurt having 6% fat. The MSFY prepared using optimized blend had HD (108 - 112 g), CO (0.41 - 0.42), AD (- 70.3 to - 72.9 g.s), SP (0.93 - 0.96) and GU (45.05 - 46.38 g).