车载冰箱变频控制器的开发

根据车载冰箱的功能需求,以德州仪器公司的TMS320F28035芯片为主控制芯片,设计一款能根据用户的指令及冰箱的温度控制无刷直流电机变频调速的控制器;此控制器由3个模块组成:一是开关电源模块,采用boost升压电路,将12/24V的汽车电源电压升至40V供给电机驱动模块;二是电机驱动模块,通过反电动势法检测无刷直流电机的位置,控制电机启停及变频调速;三是通信模块,采用抗干扰能力强的485通信方式实现控制器与上位机的通信;实验结果表明,控制器的可靠性高,制冷能力强,最低温度可低于-19°C,比普通车载冰箱更节能,满足了使用的要求。     

车载自组网中一种支持群签名认证的分布式密钥管理方案

群签名具备良好的匿名认证特性,满足车载自组网信息安全和隐私保护需求。但是,其作废开销较大,不适于在大规模网络环境中应用。为此,本文提出了一种支持群签名认证的分布式密钥管理方案DKM,将车载自组网的覆盖区域划分为若干子区域,车辆周期性地从所在子区域的群管理机构更新群密钥。这样,作废某个成员只需要在其拥有合法密钥的子区域内通告,而不是整个网络,有利于降低作废开销。同时,DKM中的密钥更新机制能够保证车辆的群密钥的私密性,从而避免了车辆与区域群管理机构的授权争议,保持了数字签名的不可否认性。性能分析表明DKM能够显著缩短作废列表长度,同时没有增加认证开销。     

无线公交车载网络切换机制研究

为公交车乘客提供高质量的Internet服务可以让其在乘车过程中享受娱乐及工作,进而大大提高乘客的生活质量。基于此,本文针对公交车载网络的切换问题进行研究。首先提出一种改进的公交车载网络结构,进而提出一种基于数据传输速率的切换触发机制。该机制可以准确触发切换,减少切换开销,改进通信稳定性。针对公交站点存在多个访问点的切换场景,本文进一步提出一种合适的切换策略-M-Handoff。M-Handoff以负载均衡为目标进行访问点选择,同时可以保证各个已连接的公交车辆的平均吞吐率。仿真实验表明,与传统方法相比,以上机制可以较好地提高系统性能,能更好地适于公交车载通信。     

车联网中基于雾计算和多TA的条件隐私保护认证方案

车联网在生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,它可以有效地防止交通拥堵从而减少交通事故。然而,在车联网中总是有非法车辆试图接入车联网并发布虚假消息。此外,现有方案多数存在计算效率低下的问题。针对上述存在的问题进行了研究,提出了一种车联网中基于雾计算和多TA的条件隐私保护认证方案。在保护车辆用户身份的条件下实现了车辆、雾节点、TA三者之间的身份认证,且在车辆追踪阶段可以还原车辆用户的真实身份,从而实现条件隐私保护。雾计算的使用降低了方案的计算和通信开销,同时多TA模型的使用也解决了单TA单点故障的问题。安全性证明和性能分析的结果表明该方案是安全且高效的。最后对当前方案进行了总结以及对未来研究作出了展望。     

A progressive deployment strategy for cooperative adaptive cruise control to improve traffic dynamics

Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%.     

A Progressive Deployment Strategy for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Trafc Dynamics

Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%.     

车载安全应用广播性能分析*

在仿真软件NS-2.29和VanetMobiSim1.1下,搭建了车载通信网络仿真平台,讨论了广播信标信息在不同距离下的接收率,并对两类广播信息在EDCA方式下的接收率和接入时延进行了深入的分析和比较。仿真结果表明,隐藏终端导致广播数据的严重丢包而且不同竞争窗口对接入时延有很大的影响,尤其是在信道负荷比较重时。最后指出了可行的解决思路。     

基于LPC2214的嵌入式智能家居控制终端的设计

为进一步提高家居生活的智能化和便捷化,文中设计了一款嵌入式智能家居控制终端。该终端以NXP（恩智浦）公司的ARM7TDMI处理器LPC2214为核心,集多款家电操控和状态监控界面于一体,通过扩展RF模块组建家庭内部无线网络。该终端既可以伴随相应的语音提示,通过按键进行家电操控界面切换和相应功能的选择及遥控,又可通过Wi-Fi模块接收由平板电脑或智能手机上家电控制软件下发的控制命令编码,最终实现对家电的遥控。同时,家电状态的变化也会实时反馈给控制终端、平板电脑或智能手机进行状态显示更新。该方案解决了对家电远程遥控和状态的实时监控问题。经过实验测试,该终端具备轻巧便携、控制精准、速度快等特点,非常适宜在智能家居系统中应用。     

基于多智能体Q学习的异构车载网络选择方法

异构车载网络环境下如何选择接入网络对于车载终端用户的服务体验而言至关重要,目前基于Q学习的网络选择方法利用智能体与环境的交互来迭代学习网络选择策略,从而实现较优的网络资源分配.然而该类方法通常存在状态空间过大引起迭代效率低下和收敛速度较慢的问题,同时由于Q值表更新产生的过高估计现象容易导致网络资源利用不均衡.针对上述问题,基于多智能体Q学习提出一种适用于融合5G通信异构车载网络的选择方法M QSM.该方法采用多智能体协作学习的思想,利用双Q值表交替更新的方式来获得动作选择的总回报值,最终实现异构车载网络环境下长期有效的最优网络切换决策集合.实验结果表明,与同类型方法相比较,M QSM在系统总切换次数、平均总折扣值和网络容量利用率方面表现出更好的性能.     

Mathematical Advancement of General Chlorine Bulk Decay Model

An accurate chlorine bulk decay model is needed to ensure that potable water meets the microbial and the chemical safeties at the treatment plant and throughout the distribution. Among the mathematical models available,the general second-order chlorine bulk decay model( GBDM) is the most fundamentally sound.Application of the GBDM,however,has been hindered by its numerous fictive parameters and lack of an analytical solution. This theoretical work removes the two obstacles. The GBDM is solved through transformation and integration. The analytical solution provides deep insights into the GBDM and facilitates the parameterization and sensitivity analysis. The background natural organic matter( NOM) is characterized with the probabilistic distribution of functional groups. It reveals that the mean of the function group distribution is correlated with the initial chlorine decay rate coefficient( κ_0). A simple formula is developed to determine κ_0 directly from the initial chlorine decay. The theoretical treatment reduces the fictive parameters to a minimum. For the common lognormal distribution,the GBDM needs only three parameters,well defined as initial chlorine demand X_0,median rate coefficient km,and heterogeneity index σ. For more complicated scenarios,composite distributions are constructed through superposition of individual distributions. A highlighted example is to predict chlorine decay in blends of different waters. With the theoretical and mathematical advancement here,the GBDM can be applied effectively to any reactive background matter in any reaction systems.