国产灯用煤油中芳烃的分析

利用ＳＱ－２０６气相色谱议和ＨＰ５８９０Ⅱ／５９７１Ａ色质联用分析仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对国产灯用煤油进行了分析，检测出煤油中的各类芳烃，并用校正归一法求出大庆煤油中烷基苯含量为３．６％，萘的衍生物为４％，总芳烃含量１０．６％，为灯用煤油脱除芳烃制备无芳烃煤油的研究提供了试验依据。     

Property-composition relationships for diesel and kerosene fuels

A range of 18 diesel fuels and 21 kerosene fuels from mainly Australian petroleum and synthetic fuel sources, including coal, shale and peat, was investigated. Compositional details were defined as the weight per cent abundances of n-alkanes, branched plus cyclic saturates, single-ring aromatics, doublering aromatics and polynuclear aromatics, using both h.p.l.c. and ¹³C n.m.r. techniques. Relationships between fuel composition and a range of fuel properties were sought. Simple linear relationships between property values and compositional data were used. Explicit correlative expressions were derived using multiple linear regression analysis, with the coefficient of multiple determination, R², indicating the quality of the fit between observed and calculated property values. In most cases good correlations were achieved. For diesels the properties investigated, with R² values in parentheses, were: inverse specific gravity (0.99); ¹³C n.m.r. aromaticity (0.99); ¹H n.m.r. aromaticity (0.88); cetane index (0.97); aniline point (0.96); diesel index (0.98); and FIA-measured aromatics content (0.77). For kerosenes the properties, with R² values in parentheses, were: ¹³C n.m.r. aromaticity (0.98); ¹H n.m.r. aromaticity (0.97); smoke point (0.88); and FIA-measured aromatics content (0.94). The results are shown to be of value in assessing the potential and limitations of hydrotreating as a process for upgrading synfuels.     

加入WTO我国成品油行业的对策及措施

分析了我国成品油行业现状和加入WTO带来的影响，以有国内该行业的竞争力水平。为应对加和WTO以后的新形势，研究了我国成品油行业在生产和销售领域需要采取的措施，并向政府提出了在加强宏观管理、营造公平合理的竞争环境方面的几点建议。     

煤油催化加氢除氧效果的模拟评价

为解决烷基苯联合装置加氢单元换热器存在的结焦问题,研究开发了煤油催化加氢除氧工艺。设计了换热器模拟装置进行工艺评价试验,同时考察了除氧催化剂的使用寿命。试验结果表明:加氢除氧工艺能有效地脱除煤油中的溶解氧,加氢处理后煤油在换热器中生成的焦垢晶粒发生了明显的变化,换热器结垢状况得到了改善,延长了运行时间;加氢除氧催化剂具有良好的使用寿命。     

Combustion of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels in a Supersonic Combustor

Results of an experimental study of a full scramjet model operating on kerosene, which was performed in an IT-302M hotshot wind tunnel based at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and an experimental study of a model operating on hydrogen, which was performed in a hotshot wind tunnel with fire heating based at the China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center, are reported. The tests were performed for Mach numbers 5 and 6 for flow parameters close to in-flight conditions. An optimal system for kerosene injection under these conditions was determined, and the thrust characteristics of the engine model were examined. The possibility of controlling kerosene combustion in tests in the short-duration wind tunnel was analyzed, and special features of fuel ignition in a short combustor were considered. Intense combustion of kerosene was achieved with upstream injection of more than 3% of hydrogen, which allowed obtaining effective thrust. The distributions of static pressure and force characteristics of the model in the case of kerosene and hydrogen combustion were compared.     

煤油介质中制备淀粉基阳离子絮凝剂

以淀粉、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系,以煤油作为连续相,通过反相乳液聚合法制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂。考察了乳化剂种类和用量、引发剂浓度、反应时间及反应温度等因素对单体转化率、聚合物特性黏数及接枝率、接枝效率的影响,以及阳离子单体用量对聚合物特性黏数的影响。确定最佳工艺条件为:乳化剂质量分数6%,两种单体共占水相质量分数45%,阳离子单体占总单体的质量分数为30%,引发温度45℃,引发时间4h。在此条件下,单体转化率可达97.82%,特性黏数为340.21mL/g,接枝效率为97.93%。     

利用中温沥青试制浸渍剂沥青

为生产高质量电极用浸渍剂沥青，利用煤油、洗油两种溶剂按一定的比例通过沉降法来处理软沥青，使软沥青中的喹啉不溶物大大降低，生产出了高质量的浸渍剂沥青。试验表明，煤油与洗油的最佳比例为0．90：1、溶剂与软沥青的最佳比例为0．80：1。中试生产的浸渍剂沥青QI为0．1％～0．5％，质量指标接近发达国家水平，产品在生产电极浸渍试验中的应用效果良好。     

Gas holdup in two phase gas–liquid and three phase gas–liquid–solid production and transportation

The gas holdup is an important parameter that is needed for design and development of surface facilities and transportation pipelines in the field of petroleum engineering. There is no general model for prediction of this parameter in different systems and under different conditions. As a result, development of accurate and general models for prediction of this parameter in various situations is of great importance. This study presents new experimental gas holdup data in the kerosene+CO₂ and kerosene+N₂ systems. The experimental data were measured by using a bubble column setup. Moreover, a computer-based model namely PSO-ANFIS model is also developed for prediction of the gas holdup in different systems. A total of 818 experimental gas holdup data in various systems were utilized including the newly measured experimental data in the present work as well as experimental data from several published works in the literature. Results showed that the developed PSO-ANFIS model is accurate for prediction of experimental data with an R² value of 0.998 and average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) of 3.4%.     

Experimental investigation on the cracking of pre-combustion cracking gas with gliding arc discharge plasma

To improve the quality of pre-combustion cracking gas, the gliding arc discharge plasma is adopted in this paper. The influence of incoming flow rate, electrode gap distance and discharge frequency on cracking effect have been experimentally studied. The results show that through plasma cracking, the concentration of H₂ increases while the concentration of CH₄ and C₂H₄ decrease. With different fuel ratio conditions, the variation trend of C/H ratio as well as the mass flow of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the cracking products vary from each other. The cracking effect becomes weaker with the increase of incoming flow rate, while is better when the fuel ratio is larger. Given the flow rate of 18slpm and 24slpm, the best cracking effect can be acquired with the electrode gap of 1.5 mm. Besides, the effect of gliding arc discharge plasma cracking is weakened as the discharge frequency rises.