Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of coated, whole and sliced mushrooms

Whole and sliced fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were packaged with PVC wrap or two polyolefins (PD-941 and PD-961) films after coating with CaCl₂ and chitosan. Package gas composition, color, weight loss and maturity were measured during storage at 12 °C and 80%RH. For PD-961, the highest in-package concentration occurred during the first day of storage regardless of treatments, while wrap and PD-941 showed varying degrees in-package concentration with different processes and coatings. The whiteness of whole mushrooms varied significantly with the type of coating, but not with the type of films. The extent of darkening was greater in coated whole mushrooms than in sliced ones. Weight loss occurred in all packages and varied from 3 (g/100 g) to about 7 (g/100 g) after 6 days of storage. Due to a lower permeability, PD-961 packages had the lowest weight loss. The type of packaging films significantly affected the maturity index, where PD-961 most effectively lowered maturity index for both whole and sliced mushrooms, thus extending the shelf-life. The type of coating did not appear to affect maturity index except for the wrap package where chitosan coating markedly lowered the maturity index of sliced mushrooms.     

Factors Affecting 1-Octen-3-ol in Mushrooms at Harvest and During Postharvest Storage

Harvesting experiments revealed that immature whole mushrooms with closed veils had higher 1-octen-3-0l levels than more mature whole mushrooms with open veils. The l-octen-3-01 content of the gills was higher in immature mushrooms with closed veils, gradually decreased with maturity as the veil opened, and finally increased after the gills were well exposed. Postharvest experiments demonstrated that storage temperature influenced the activity of lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase, but no differences in 1-octen-3-01 content were observed. Enzyme activity as well as 1-octen-3-01 content decreased during storage. Addition of calcium chloride to irrigation water, employed to improve quality and shelf life of fresh mushrooms, increased the amount of l-octen-3-01 immediately after harvest.     

Pleurotusostreatus and Agaricus subrufescens: investigation of chemical composition and antioxidant properties of these mushrooms cultivated with different handmade and commercial supplements

In this study, the chemical composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays) of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus, cultivated with handmade and commercials supplements, were compared. Additionally, the compounds ergosterol, saccharopine, and hexitol were identified in A. subrufescens by HPLC-MS/MS. The antioxidant compound p-coumaric acid and dihexoses was found in both mushroom species. A. subrufescens presented higher total phenolic content (73.8 ± 0.6 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹) and antioxidant activity than P. ostreatus (16.6 ± 0.5 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹). The handmade supplement based on the waste of noble grains presented statistically similar phenolic content to the mushrooms cultivated with commercial ones Spawn Mate II SE (86.1 ± 1.4 and 92.9 ± 0.3 mg GAE 100 g⁻¹, respectively). Therefore, the results support the use of handmade supplements based on agro-wastes as a viable alternative to the use of high-cost commercial ones.     

利用富硒双孢菇粉提升酱油有机硒含量和改善酱油风味

该研究利用临期和损伤富硒双孢菇制备富硒双孢菇粉,以其替代15%质量分数的面粉,按照高盐稀态工艺生产富硒酱油（样品酱油）。结果显示,样品酱油总硒和有机硒含量分别达到134.65和122.53μg/kg,比对照酱油提高5.70倍和5.85倍,有机硒转化率为91.00%,符合富硒酱油标准。理化分析结果表明样品酱油总氮、氨基酸态氮和无盐固形物含量为1.72、1.03和22.56 g/100 mL,比对照酱油提高9.55%、19.77%和5.13%。此外,样品酱油蘑菇香、麦芽香、醇香和果香香气强度比对照酱油提高了5 837.17%、15.62%、20.15%和15.88%。添加富硒双孢菇粉显著提高了大曲和酱醪中蛋白酶酶活,这是富硒双孢菇粉提高酱油滋味物质含量的原因。富硒双孢菇粉中的1-辛烯-3-酮、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和3-辛酮赋予了样品酱油蘑菇香。此外,富硒双孢菇粉促进了酱醪中产香微生物的繁殖,进而提高了样品酱油中麦芽香、醇香和果香香气强度。该研究利用临期和损伤富硒双孢菇开发了一种风味良好的富硒酱油,可为双孢菇和酱油生产企业提高产品附加值提供技术参考。     

复合护色剂预处理及不同冻融条件对冷冻双孢蘑菇品质的影响

本实验针对冷冻双孢蘑菇在冻融过程中的品质劣变问题,研究了柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸钠等护色剂对双孢蘑菇褐变的影响,进一步分析了不同冷冻温度（－80、－40、－20 ℃）和解冻温度（25、4 ℃）对双孢蘑菇的汁液流失率、质构特征、微观结构、水分含量与分布及过氧化物酶活力等指标的影响。结果表明,复合护色剂配比为3.0 g/L异抗坏血酸钠、1.5 g/L L-半胱氨酸、0.4 g/L抗坏血酸、10 g/L柠檬酸时具有最佳护色效果;－80 ℃冷冻、4 ℃解冻的冻融条件下,双孢蘑菇汁液流失率为1.98%,显著低于其他各处理组;水分含量、质构特征值均高于其他冻融条件处理的双孢蘑菇;因此,－80 ℃冷冻、4 ℃解冻的冻融条件是较合理的冻融处理方式。本研究为冷冻双孢蘑菇产品的开发及冻融技术提供了参考。     

两种复配保鲜剂对双孢菇保鲜作用的研究

研究了两种复配保鲜剂处理对双孢菇冷藏保鲜效果的影响。采后双孢菇分别用生姜复配保鲜剂、大蒜复配保鲜剂浸泡3 min,以蒸馏水浸泡作为对照,晾干后用聚乙烯薄膜密封包装,于4 ℃下贮藏,定期测定双孢菇感官质量、生理指标和营养指标的变化。结果表明：在４ ℃贮藏18 d,生姜和大蒜两种复配保鲜剂处理的双孢菇的失重率与对照组相比下降了51.34%和33.27%,褐变度下降了10.15%和15.73%。;可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白保留量分别达4.69%、4.56%和755.40 μg/g、798.31 μg/g,显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;纤维素和亚硝酸盐含量分别为35.67 mg/g、33.76 mg/g和3.45 mg/kg、3.65 mg/kg,显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;总酸度和PPO活性始终维持在较低水平。因此,两种复配保鲜剂显著保侍了双孢菇在贮藏过程中的感观品质和营养成分,维持了较低的酸度水平和氧化酶活性,延长了双孢菇的保质期。     

南菇真要北移吗?——96～97产季福建省蘑菇生产形势的思考

本文就福建省96～97蘑菇产季面临的困难,回顾了福建省蘑菇业发展概况,测算了省内外下产季蘑菇产量,指出已存在南菇北移的趋势,提出防止大滑坡,保持我省蘑菇产业优势的意见。     

姬松茸多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠代谢及抵抗素基因表达的影响

目的:探讨姬松茸多糖对2型糖尿病(2-diabetesmellitus,2-DM)大鼠糖脂代谢和抵抗素(resistin)基因表达的影响。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,A:正常对照组;B:模型组;C:8%姬松茸多糖组;D:4%姬松茸多糖组;E:2%姬松茸多糖组。8周后,测定空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂和胰岛素抵抗指数(IR);半定量RT-PCR检测resistin基因mRNA的表达水平。结果:姬松茸多糖治疗组FPG、FINS、TG、LDL、VLDL、CH、IR及resistin基因mRNA的表达均低于模型组(P0.05),而HDL的含量则高于模型组。结论:姬松茸多糖可抑制resistin基因表达,降低胰岛素抵抗;降低2-DM大鼠血糖和改善其脂代谢紊乱。     

盐渍对双孢菇多糖的影响

将盐渍和未盐渍的双孢菇分别经热水提取、乙醇沉淀得粗多糖,结果表明未盐渍双孢菇粗多糖的得率比盐渍双孢菇粗多糖高2倍。两份粗多糖经Sevag法除去蛋白质后上DEAE-纤维素柱层析,分别用蒸馏水和0.05mol/LNaCl溶液洗脱,得到多糖纯品组分Ab-I、Ab-I’和Ab-II、Ab-II’。SepharoseCL-4B测得盐渍与未盐渍双孢菇多糖的Ab-I和Ab-I’分子量均为7.79×104。红外光谱分析表明盐渍处理对双孢菇多糖结构未产生显著影响。多糖抗氧化能力测定的结果表明未盐渍双孢菇多糖的粗品和纯品的抗氧化能力均比盐渍双孢菇多糖的高。     

蘑菇采后生理及保鲜技术研究进展

阐述蘑菇采后的生理生化变化，重点介绍了目前蘑菇贮藏保鲜技术的研究现状，并初步提出今后蘑菇保鲜技术研究的发展方向。